Dr. David Delany CAPSL Trinity College Dublin [email protected] KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING Using...
-
Upload
alicia-andrews -
Category
Documents
-
view
213 -
download
0
Transcript of Dr. David Delany CAPSL Trinity College Dublin [email protected] KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING Using...
![Page 1: Dr. David Delany CAPSL Trinity College Dublin delanydi@maths.tcd.ie KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING Using applied cognitive science to enhance learning, thinking,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/5697c0021a28abf838cc3237/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Dr. David DelanyCAPSL
Trinity College [email protected]
KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING
Using applied cognitive science to enhance learning, thinking, and problem solving
![Page 2: Dr. David Delany CAPSL Trinity College Dublin delanydi@maths.tcd.ie KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING Using applied cognitive science to enhance learning, thinking,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/5697c0021a28abf838cc3237/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
PRESENT IMPERFECT
![Page 3: Dr. David Delany CAPSL Trinity College Dublin delanydi@maths.tcd.ie KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING Using applied cognitive science to enhance learning, thinking,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/5697c0021a28abf838cc3237/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
ILLUSTRATIVE PROBLEMS
• Low cognitive level of students…– Piagetian tests of formal operations norms
1976-2006/7 • Shayer & Ginsberg (2009)
– Almost 50% of Science 1st Years below Formal Operational Level (11-15 yrs)
• Finlayson, et al (2009)
• Dumbing down is a tacit admission of pedagogical failure!– Project Maths
![Page 4: Dr. David Delany CAPSL Trinity College Dublin delanydi@maths.tcd.ie KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING Using applied cognitive science to enhance learning, thinking,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/5697c0021a28abf838cc3237/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
PROBLEMS WITH CONVENTIONAL
EDUCATION• Educational practice demonstrably
sub-optimal– Surface > deep learning– Near > far learning transfer– Dependent > independent thinking– Routine > adaptive expertise
![Page 5: Dr. David Delany CAPSL Trinity College Dublin delanydi@maths.tcd.ie KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING Using applied cognitive science to enhance learning, thinking,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/5697c0021a28abf838cc3237/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
PARADIGM SHIFT NEEDED!
• Conventional education is sub-optimal at the paradigm level
• Fundamentally misses the point!
![Page 6: Dr. David Delany CAPSL Trinity College Dublin delanydi@maths.tcd.ie KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING Using applied cognitive science to enhance learning, thinking,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/5697c0021a28abf838cc3237/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
BLACK BOX METAPHOR FOR EDUCATION
• Answers are used to INDIRECTLY assess quality of understanding
• Input-Output black box metaphor at root of problems with modern education
![Page 7: Dr. David Delany CAPSL Trinity College Dublin delanydi@maths.tcd.ie KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING Using applied cognitive science to enhance learning, thinking,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/5697c0021a28abf838cc3237/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
KNOWLEDGE STRUCTURES
EXPERTS
• Integrated– Good Learning
Transfer
• Hierarchical– Efficient Problem
Solving Strategies
NOVICES
• Fragmented– Poor Learning
Transfer
• Non-hierarchical– Inefficient
Problem Solving Strategies
![Page 8: Dr. David Delany CAPSL Trinity College Dublin delanydi@maths.tcd.ie KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING Using applied cognitive science to enhance learning, thinking,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/5697c0021a28abf838cc3237/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
CONVENTIONAL DEVELOPMENT of
EXPERTISE
• Fragmented• Non-Hierarchical• Narrow
• Integrated• Hierarchical• Extensive
UNSKILLED LEARNER
?
![Page 9: Dr. David Delany CAPSL Trinity College Dublin delanydi@maths.tcd.ie KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING Using applied cognitive science to enhance learning, thinking,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/5697c0021a28abf838cc3237/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
IDEAL DEVELOPMENTAL PROGRESSION
• Integrated• Hierarchical• Narrow
• Integrated• Hierarchical• Extensive
SKILLED LEARNER
![Page 10: Dr. David Delany CAPSL Trinity College Dublin delanydi@maths.tcd.ie KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING Using applied cognitive science to enhance learning, thinking,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/5697c0021a28abf838cc3237/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING COURSE
• Central goal: accelerate the development of adaptive expertise through deliberate construction of expert knowledge structures– TCD, Cornell, Intel, etc
• Apply findings from cognitive science to improving cognitive skills– Meaningful learning, deep insight,
creativity & structured innovation
• Novice => expert => elite expert
![Page 11: Dr. David Delany CAPSL Trinity College Dublin delanydi@maths.tcd.ie KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING Using applied cognitive science to enhance learning, thinking,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/5697c0021a28abf838cc3237/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING EXAMPLE
CAPITAL: The man-made FACTOR OF PRODUCTION encompassing all the physical assets, such as machinery, used by a business to produce goods and services.
![Page 12: Dr. David Delany CAPSL Trinity College Dublin delanydi@maths.tcd.ie KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING Using applied cognitive science to enhance learning, thinking,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/5697c0021a28abf838cc3237/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
CAPITAL: The man-made FACTOR OF PRODUCTION encompassing all the physical assets, such as machinery, used by a business to produce goods and services.
![Page 13: Dr. David Delany CAPSL Trinity College Dublin delanydi@maths.tcd.ie KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING Using applied cognitive science to enhance learning, thinking,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/5697c0021a28abf838cc3237/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
DEEP vs SURFACE STRUCTURE SURFACE STRUCTURE
CAPITAL: The man-made FACTOR OF PRODUCTION encompassing all the physical assets, such as machinery, used by a business to produce goods and services
DEEP STRUCTURE
![Page 14: Dr. David Delany CAPSL Trinity College Dublin delanydi@maths.tcd.ie KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING Using applied cognitive science to enhance learning, thinking,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/5697c0021a28abf838cc3237/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
FROM SURFACE TO DEEP TO SURFACE
GOODS AND SERVICES:
The outputs of the business production process
FACTOR OF PRODUCTION: Resources, such as capital, used by a business as inputs to the production process in the creation of goods and services
PRODUCTION PROCESS: The business process through which factors of production, such as capital, are converted into goods and services
CAPITAL: The man-made factor of production encompassing all the physical assets, such as machinery, used by a business to produce goods and services
![Page 15: Dr. David Delany CAPSL Trinity College Dublin delanydi@maths.tcd.ie KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING Using applied cognitive science to enhance learning, thinking,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/5697c0021a28abf838cc3237/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
ABSTRACTION
The greatest thing by far is to be a master of metaphor. It is the one thing that cannot be learnt from others; it is the mark of genius, for to make good metaphors implies an intuitive perception of the similarity in dissimilars.
Aristotle (384-322 BC), Greek philosopher
![Page 16: Dr. David Delany CAPSL Trinity College Dublin delanydi@maths.tcd.ie KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING Using applied cognitive science to enhance learning, thinking,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/5697c0021a28abf838cc3237/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING &
CREATIVITY• Ward (1994) Experiment: Alien Design
• CONCLUSION: Human creativity is limited– we recycle and adapt familiar elements– Bilateral symmetry, polarity, sensory app., appendages
• ALTERNATIVE CONCLUSION: • Creativity is limited by poor
Knowledge Engineering skills
![Page 17: Dr. David Delany CAPSL Trinity College Dublin delanydi@maths.tcd.ie KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING Using applied cognitive science to enhance learning, thinking,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/5697c0021a28abf838cc3237/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING &
CREATIVITYRADIAL
SPHERICAL
BILATERAL
SYMMETRY
ASYMMETRICAL
?
APOLAR
MULTI-POLARPOLARITY
POLAR
?SYMMETRYPOLARITYMORPHOLOGY
?
![Page 18: Dr. David Delany CAPSL Trinity College Dublin delanydi@maths.tcd.ie KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING Using applied cognitive science to enhance learning, thinking,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/5697c0021a28abf838cc3237/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING &
CREATIVITYRADIAL
SPHERICAL
BILATERALSYMMETRY
ASYMMETRICAL
?
APOLAR
MULTI-POLARPOLARITY
POLAR
?
MORPHOLOGY
??
![Page 19: Dr. David Delany CAPSL Trinity College Dublin delanydi@maths.tcd.ie KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING Using applied cognitive science to enhance learning, thinking,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/5697c0021a28abf838cc3237/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
LEGAL ANALYSIS: RATIO DECIDENDI• Identifying the ratio of the Wilkinson vs Downton (1895) case
• Process of structural abstraction• Good legal rule: not too concrete, not too general
![Page 20: Dr. David Delany CAPSL Trinity College Dublin delanydi@maths.tcd.ie KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING Using applied cognitive science to enhance learning, thinking,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/5697c0021a28abf838cc3237/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
WHY KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING?
• CLARITY OF UNDERSTANDING
• COMPRESSION– I am sorry for the length of my letter, but I had not
the time to write a short one.– Blaise Pascal (1623-1662), French mathematician and
philosopher
• FAR LEARNING TRANSFER• KNOWLEDGE RESTRUCTURING
![Page 21: Dr. David Delany CAPSL Trinity College Dublin delanydi@maths.tcd.ie KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING Using applied cognitive science to enhance learning, thinking,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/5697c0021a28abf838cc3237/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
KNOWLEDGE MAPPING SOFTWARE
• Intelligence analysts (FP7)
• “Construction and visualisation of augmented representations of the deep conceptual frameworks underpinning an analysis”
• Abstraction & Information overload
• “analytical due diligence”
![Page 22: Dr. David Delany CAPSL Trinity College Dublin delanydi@maths.tcd.ie KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING Using applied cognitive science to enhance learning, thinking,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/5697c0021a28abf838cc3237/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
FUTURE EDUCATION: PARADIGM-SHIFTING
CONVERGENCE• Advanced knowledge analytics tools• Self-administered neurocognitive
enhancement training tools
• What educational system design would best serve ‘post-convergence’ students?
• Implications for the Irish education system?– Publication-grade student research at 2’ level– Vertically-distributed research model– Ireland’s international education ranking
![Page 23: Dr. David Delany CAPSL Trinity College Dublin delanydi@maths.tcd.ie KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING Using applied cognitive science to enhance learning, thinking,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081603/5697c0021a28abf838cc3237/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
FUTURE PERFECT?