FINISHES FOR APPEARANCE, HAND AND

PERFORMANCE.

-S.Y.TSAD.

INDEXHEATSETTING

EMBOSSING SURFACE

NAPPING

FLOCKING

SOFTENING FINISH

DELUSTERING

BRIGHTENING

Textile Finishing.Textile Finishing is a process used in

manufacturing of fiber, fabric, or clothing. In order to impart the required functional properties to the fiber or fabric, it is customary to subject the material to different type of physical and chemical treatments.

EMBOSSING

EMBOSSING The process of producing raised figures or designs in relief on

surfaces of fabrics by passing the cloth between heated engraved rollers is known as embossing.

MOIREING•Fabric is cut in 2.•2 selvedges running together side by side. •To produce moiré, ribbed rollers are used, and the ribs produce the watermark effect.

BEETLING

A mechanical treatment that uses beetlers or fallers to give fabric surfaces a flattened appearance.

The spaces between warp and filling are covered up and tend to produce a high gloss to the material.

RAISING

The image/printed area is raised to just one flat level.

USES

AESTHETIC appeal

Fashionable clothing

Different variety

NAPPINGNapping is also known as raises fiber.Napping is applied to cotton, Rayon, wool and other staple fiber.This is a mechanical process

PROCESS OF NAPPING The fuzzy surface is created by pulling the fiber end out of yarns. The ends of the needles protruding from the rollers are 45°-hooks; their

thickness and length can vary and they are fitted in a special rubber belt spiral-wound on the raising rollers.

These rollers are generally alternated with a roller with hooks directed toward the fabric feed direction, and a roller with the hooks fitted in the opposite direction

Uses Napping is used for certain knit goods, blankets and other fabric

with a raised surface.

FLOKING The technique of adhering minute pieces of fiber called flock to

form designs on fabric has been used to limited extent. It has become more widely used in recent years because of modern methods by using a suitable adhesive.

There are two types of method :- Mechanical method. Electrostatic technique.

PROCESS OF FLOKING On electrical charge of fibers and the presence of an electrical field

above and below the fabric. The fabric, printed with the adhesive passes over an electric field

which establishes an atmosphere that forces the loose fibers in the area away from one of the electrical fields and toward the second.

With the fabric moving, the loose fibers strike the adhesive, and the electrical field oriented the fibers and pulls them into the adhesive. The fabric moves into a drying area where the adhesive is dried to hold the flock fibers in place. Flocking has been applied to a wide

variety of fabric types and end uses, including apperal and furnishing. Interesting designs can be formed

on the base fabric.

Softening Of Textiles Textile softener is a conditioner used to prevent static cling and

make fabric softer. This is used in textile finish drape, cutting and sewing qualities of the materials.

Categories Of Softeners

o Anionic softeners

Anionic softeners are used to modify stiffness or hardness, pliable finish. Many of these compounds are excellent scouring agents.

Categories Of Softeners

Cationic Softeners  Cationic softeners are used for natural and man made fibres.

Cationic softener are applied to textile to improve hard, drop, cutting & sewing qualities.

Categories Of Softeners

Nonionic softeners These softening agents are generally less efficient than anionic

and cationic ones but they withstand the effects of hard waters, acid or basic environment and also in presence of cations and anions, therefore the normal fabric care conditions.

Categories Of Softeners

Reactive softenersIt is a special type of reactive softener which gives smooth, soft feel as

well as body to a certain extent to cotton and blended fabrics. It gives water-repellent feel when used with polyvinyl acetate emulsions and other resins.

Uses And Application

Nonionic softeners are perfect for finishing optically brightened high white article.

Cationic softeners are mainly used for colored textile.

Non-ionic softeners are also used for removing stains.

DELUSTERING

•A delustrant is a substance that reduces the lustre (sheen) of synthetic fibres.•It is a chemical finish.•Its mainly done in manufacturing process of synthetic fibers.

DELUSTERING•Synthetic fibres such as nylon, rayon, acetate and polyester are normally extremely shiny and transparent when extruded.

•Delusterants causes the surface of the fibres to be rougher, reducing the sheen, at the same time, being opaque, it reduces the transparency of the fibre.

•A recent innovation is a finish applied to tricot knits called ‘chavacete’, which softens the luster of acetate fabric and produces a silk like appearance. •It also develops a pleasing hand.

DELUSTERANTS:

•barium salts.•china clay.•aluminum oxide.•zinc oxide.•methylene urea.•titanium dioxide.

Optical Brighteners1. Many fabrics lose their brightness, whiteness and clearness during processing and maintenance.

2. In an attempt to prevent this and to maintain white and bright fabrics optical brightness have been introduced these ate sometimes called as “Optical Bleachers”. The term in this case is in appropriate since no bleaching occurs.

3. The substance attach themselves to the fabric and create an appearance of whiteness and brightness by the way they reflect light.4. When exposed to sunlight they absorb invisible ultraviolet light and reflect it as visible blue light they act like a bluing agent but add the fluorescent effect.5. There are many brands available but generally called as optical fabric brightness.

Before selecting an optical brightness for textile application we must look for following properties.

1. It should have good solubility, should not have its own colour and good substantiveity for the textile substrate under OBA application.

2. OBA’s should have good light as well as wet fastness properties

3. Requirement of electrolytes and its sensitivity forward different exhausting and build up properties

4. Effect of water hardness5.It should have good leveling and penetrating properties.

Common uses

Brighteners are commonly added to laundry detergents to replace whitening agents removed during washing and to make the clothes appear cleaner.

End uses of optical brighteners includes

1. Detergents whiteness (instead of blueing agents )2. Paper brightening (Internal or in a coating)3. Fiber whitening (Internal, added to polymer melt)4. Textile whitening (External, added to fabric finishes )

THANK YOU.