DPSIR, Indicators and Forest Ecosystem Services · Ecosystem Services Forest Management Natural...
Transcript of DPSIR, Indicators and Forest Ecosystem Services · Ecosystem Services Forest Management Natural...
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DPSIR, Indicators and Forest Ecosystem Services Tim Barnard and Tim Payn
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Context
• The role of ecosystem service indicators in shaping and informing policy is becoming a major area of interest and debate.
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A role for the Montréal Process?
• The Montréal Process may be well placed to contribute
to this discussion. • Increase the uptake and impact of the existing C&I
framework through a deepening understanding of forest ecosystem services and use of DPSIR approaches.
• Intent of the Montréal Process …
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Ecosystem services and system dynamics
• The attractiveness of the concept lies in the use of systems dynamics to describe complex forest ecosystem functions and processes and their linkages to human wellbeing
• The concept of forest ecosystem goods and services has become widely embraced by forest policy makers, forest managers and the wider forest research community.
• How do we make sense of it… ? • How do we tell compelling stories…??
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Millennium Ecosystem Service Assessment
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Montréal Process indicators and the MEA
• Strong link between MEA and MP-C&I
• The DPSIR approach is increasingly being used to
rationalise the complex interactions present in ‘causal’ relationships associated with change in forest ecosystems generated by human activity.
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Making sense of MEA in decision-making
• Highly complex and explorative.
• Emergence of ecosystem cascades …
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DPSIR and ecosystem service cascades
Müller, F., Burkhard, B., 2012. The indicator side of ecosystem services. Ecosystem Services 1, 26-30.
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Using indicators in DPSIR approaches
• Indicators may be used at all stages of the DPSIR approach. Their value being directly related to:
• The indicator being a true measure of the ‘object of interest’;
• Robust ecosystem service based rationales to support indicator selection;
• The availability of data; • An awareness of uncertainties and the reliability of
indicators; • Optimal use of groups of related indicators and data; and, • The ability to link indicators in meaningful causal
relationships Müller, F., Burkhard, B., 2012. The indicator side of ecosystem services. Ecosystem Services 1, 26-30.
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Indicators in supply and demand relationships (Slootweg et al. 2001)
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Site - Soil - Topography - Aspect
Resource supply & environmental
conditions - Light - Water, nutrients - Temp.
Climate
Genotypes -Resource use
-Carbon allocation -Wood quality
- Disease resistance
Silviculture
Risk management - Disease - Insect pests - Weeds - Wind & fire
Provisioning services
- Wood & fibre products - Secondary crops e.g.
ginseng
Regulating services - Flood mitigation - Carbon sequestration - Avoided erosion -Clean water - Biodiversity
Ecosystem Services
Forest Management
Natural Capital So
il pr
oper
ty d
egra
datio
n or
enha
ncem
ent
Social setting Socio-cultural
values - Those things that contribute to the quality of human life (e.g. to livelihoods, wellbeing).
Economic values - The monetary or
exchange value assigned to goods & services provided by the environment.
Ecological values
- The value put on the maintenance of ‘the earth’s life support systems’.
License to Operate
(Scion 2012 - Figure adapted from Slootweg et al., 2001).
Supply management
Institutional settings
and Interventions
Perceived imbalances in
supply and demand
Demand management
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Indicators in shaping and evaluating interventions (Slootweg et al. 2001)
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… of effects and impacts
• All environmental impacts are ultimately social impacts
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Mapping flow-on effects Biophysical changes
Impact/issue
Effect/outcome
Social/economic/cultur al changes
Human impacts
Flow - on impacts
Loss of physical support functions for natural forest flora & fauna (landslide e tc.) . D epletion and ecosystem performance
Ecosystem degradation or destruction ( C 1, 3 ,4 )
Loss of habitat ( C 1 .1, 1.2 , 1.3a )
Reduced forest area & forest production ( C 6.1) Changes in supply of key flora and fauna (C1.2 ,6.3 )
Reduced availability/accessibility of wild foods ( C6. 3 ) Reduced availability of forest materials/fibres etc. & chemicals ( C6.3 ) Loss of natural pharmaceuticals /medicines (C6.3 , 6.5 ) Loss of biodiversity (C1.1, 1.2) Loss of recreational opportunity (e.g. hunting, walking, relaxing) (C ,6.3, 6.4)
Nutrition/ health effects (C6.5) Loss of cult ural practises and associated knowledge (6.5) Reduced independence /self - reliance (C6.3)
Changes in livelihoods strategies (6.3)
Reduced individual and collective health & wellbeing (C6.5) Reduced quality of living environment/amenity, and sen se of place (C6.5 , 6.3 ) Reduction in cultural integrity & identity (C6.5) Psychological and spiritual stress/loss (6.5) . Loss of local and regional cultural diversity (6.5) .
Source: Scion, 2012, The Waiapu River Catchment Report, Scion, Rotorua.
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Questions for discussion
• What are the benefits of an ecosystem service/DPSIR
approach to the Montréal Process (and to soil and water reporting?)
• How may the existing Montréal Process C&I framework be used within a forest ecosystem service/DPSIR approach?
• The need for worked examples??