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5 main obstacles to learning :

1)People have a fear of failure

2)The task is not broken down into small enough steps.

3)There is a lack of directions.

4)There is a lack of clarity in the directions.

5)Positive reinforcement is lacking

Remedy:

1)Give the learner immediate feedback

2)Break down the task into the small steps

3)Repeat the directions as many time as possible

4)Work from the most simple to the most complex

5)Give positive reinforcement

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Types of LearningCognitive Domain

Involves knowledge and the development of intellectual skills. Includes the recall

or recognition of specific facts, procedural patterns, and concepts that serve in thedevelopment of intellectual abilities and skills.(Bloom, 1956)

Category Example and Key Words

Knowledge : recall data / information Examples : Define a term, recite a policy

Key words : arrange, defines, describes

Comprehension : Understanding the

meaning, translation. State a problem in

ones own words

Examples : Translates an equation into a

computer spreadsheet

Key words : converts, estimates, explain

Application : Use a concept in a new

situation/unprompted use of an

abstraction.

Examples : Apply laws of statistis to

evaluate the reability of a written test.

Key words : applies,constructs,predicts

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Analysis : Distinguishes between facts

and inferences.

Example : Gathers information from the

text story and selects the required

unfamiliar words

Key words : analyzes, compares,

differentiates.

Synthesis : Builds a structure/pattern

from diverse elements.

Example :Use your imagination to draw

a picture about the story. Then, add one

new thing of your own that was not in

the story.

Key Words : categorize, combines,

compiles.

Evaluation : Make judgements about the

value of ideas

Example : Compare any two books

youve read and tell which one youwould recommend to your friend/s and

why you would.

Key Words : compares, concludes,

contrasts

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Affective Domain

Learning is demonstrated by behaviours includes the manner in which we deal

with things emotionally , such as feelings, values and appreciation.

Category Example and Key Words

Receiving : Awareness, willingness to hear Examples : listen to others with respects

Key Words : ask, chooses.

Responding : Active participation on thepart of the learners.

Examples : Participates in class discussion,gives a presentations

Key Words : answers, assists

Valuing : concerned with the worth/value

students attaches to a particularobject/behaviour

Examples : Students show the ability to

solve problems.

Key Words : complete,describes,explains

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Category Examples and Key Words

Organization : concerned with

bringing together different values,

resolving complex between them.

Examples : Recognizing own abilities,

limitations, and values and developing

realistic aspiration.

Key Words : adheres, alters

Characterization : has a value system

that controls their behaviour and most

importantly characteristic of learners.

Examples : A persons lifestyle

influences reactions to many different

kinds of situations.

Key Words : acts, discriminates

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Psychomotor Domain

Learning is demonstrated by physical skills, coordination, manipulation, grace and so

on. actions which demonstrates the fine motor skills such as use of precisioninstruments/ tools.

Category Examples and Key Words

Perception : ability to use sensory cues to

guide motor activity selection/translation

Examples : Adjusts heat of stove to correct

temperature by smell and taste of food

Key Words : chooses, describes

Set : readiness to act, includes mental,

physical and emotional sets.(sometimes

called mindsets)

Examples : Having instrument ready to play

and watching conductor at start of a musical

performance

Key Words : begins, displays

Guided Response : The early stages in

learning a complex skills that includes

imitation and trial error.

Examples : Copying a work of art.Performing

a skill while observing a demonstrator

Key Words : copy, follow, mimic,replicate

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Category Examples and Key Words

Mechanism : intermediate stage in

learning a complex skills. learned

responses have become habitual and themovements can be performed with some

confidence

Example : Use a personal computer.

Repair a leaking faucet.drive a car.

Key Words : assembles, calibrates

Complex/Overt response : skillful

performance of motor acts that involve

complex movement patterns.

Example : Operates a computer quickly

and accurately.

Key Words : assembles, builds, calibrates

Adaptation : Skills are well developed and

the individual can modify movement

patterns to fit special requirements.

Example : using skills developed learning

how to operate an electric typewriter to

operate a word processor.

Key Words : adapts, altersOrigination : Creating new movement

pattern to fit a particular situation or

specific problem.

Example : develops a new and

comprehensive training programming.

Creates a new gymnastic routine.

Key Words : arranges, builds, composes

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Do you think that the theory of behaviorism is

suitable to be applied in the classroom?

Yes I do. The theory of behaviorism is suitable to be applied in the

class because :

Behaviourism focuses on one particular view of learning:

A change in external behavior achieved through a large amount

of repetition of desired actions

The reward of good habits and The discouragement of bad habits.

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In the classroom this view of learning led to a great deal of:

Repetitive actions

Praise for correct outcomes

Immediate correction of mistakes.

In the field of language learning this type of teaching was called

the audio-lingual method, characterised by the whole class using

choral chanting of key phrases, dialogues and immediate

correction

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1. A change in external behavior

achieved through a large amount of

repetition of desired actions.

Usually during the first lesson, the students cannot

understand what the teacher teach them. But after

several times of repetition change can be observe.

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2.The reward/praise of good habits .

During question and answer activities , praise

the student whenever they answer correctly.

Example:

Good,Splendid,keep it up and so on.

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3.Immediate correction of mistakes or the

discouragement of bad habits.

. Once the student make a mistakes corrected it

on the spot .

It is also known as formative learning.