DPB -Basics SLR
Transcript of DPB -Basics SLR
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Kent Messamore
3/6/2010
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Digital Photography Basics
What we are not oin to cover
Characteristics of Digital Cameras
Low End Point & Shoot Cameras
Mid Ran e Point & Shoot Cameras
Digital single Lens Reflex Cameras
Post Processing Software
Color
Shooting Modes
anag ng mages on your amera
Down Loading images from Camera to Computer
Getting Prints from your images
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What we are not going to cover
Charging battery
r ry
Inserting memory card
urn ng camera on o
Setting date & time
e ng sp ay anguage Taking Video
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Characteristics of Digital Cameras
Low end Point & shoot.
$75 - $500 Zoom Lens 4x to 9x (35 to 135 mm; 35 to 300 mm)
Resolution 300-600 mp dont pay for more as you probably wont printgreater than 8x10 print
Resolution needed for print sizes
Resolution(megapixels)
Avg.quality
Bestquality
.5 mp 3x5 in. N/A
Maximum size for good prints
Display size on a computer monitor
Size of image file, which in turn affects how storage space to hold the file
Dont pay for a lot of extras (such as RAW format or manual exposure) asyou probably wont use them, or if you do, you wont be satisfied with the
2 mp 8x10 in. 3x5 in.
4 mp 11x14 in. 5x7 in.
6 mp 16x20 in. 8x10 in.
8 mp 20x30 in. 11x14 in.
results
Major advantages of P&S over DSLR are, small size & quick snapshots
Mid-range Point & Shoot
10+ mp 25x40 in. 13x17 in
These are basically point & shoot cameras with these differences:
They are easier to use like DSLRs
They have a manual capability that is usable
They do not have interchangeable lenses, but do have great zoom lenses
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you ave a ong e ep o o ens, mage s a za on s wor .
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P&S Zoom Lenses Most P&S cameras identif lenses as 3X 4X
9X.
These ratings are somewhat meaningless.
A better comparison is the 35 mm equivalentUltra Wide - 10-20 - Architecture
Wide An le - 24-35 - Landsca es
The X is arrived at by dividing the maximum35 mm equivalent by the minimum, e.g. a 35 to135 mm zoom lens would be 4X while a 35 to
300mm would be 9X.
Normal - 45-55 (50mm is our eye)
Medium Tele - 85-135 - Portraits
Telephoto - 150-300 - AnimalsSu er Tele - 400-600 Small Birds
Be sure to ask what the 35 mm equivalentwould be.
Optical versus Digital Zoom Some CameraManufacturers advertise a combined optical and
g ta oom, w c s m s ea ng. Optical Zoom is a factor of the lens. This is what counts
when purchasing a Camera.
Digital Zoom is simply blowing up the image in thecamera after the icture is taken.
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Memory Cards
SD Secure Di ital small size reliable andhigh capacity, supported by a wide variety of
digital cameras. Has a lock tab on the card.
SDHC (Secure Digital High Capacity)- look. ,
greater storage capacity
MiniSD: About half the size of an SD card.Often used in small digital cameras.
CompactFlash - Larger and square shaped.Wide range of capacities and speeds.
Cards such as Sandisks Extreme III provide fast
your computer.
The faster the card, the more expensive it is.
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Single Lens Reflex Cameras Amateur or Professional DSLR
Compatibility with existing Lenses - Interchangeable lenses (This is the big advantage ofDSLRS so invest in a set that you can live with a long time. You will probably changebodies several times but will be locked in to your lens investment).
Expandability
Lens selection Canon and Nikon have the largest selection of quality lenses
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Canon & Nikon are the market leaders and either will give you satisfaction. Sony is coming onstrong with its purchase of Konica and Minolta
.telephoto, e.g. 35 to 135 mm or 24 to 200 mm.
Buying a Kit (Camera Body plus lens) is not always the best decision as the lens may be of lowquality and you may have to replace it later.
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Single Lens Reflex Cameras Image Sensor Size (full frame or
croppe
Full Frame = 1.0x Wide Angle,high quality, and low noiseadvantage
APS-H = 1.3x
APS-C = 1.6x Telephotoadvantage
Resolution? 6 25 m
Large, bright LCD screen 2.5-3
Frame Rate how fast can the camerashoot? 2 10 fps
Resolution needed for print sizes
Resolution
(megapixels)
Avg. quality Best quality
.5 mp 3x5 in. N/A
Weather and dust resistance
Cost $1000 - $8000
2 mp 8x10 in. 3x5 in.
4 mp 11x14 in. 5x7 in.
6 mp 16x20 in. 8x10 in.
8 mp 20x30 in. 11x14 in.
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10+ mp 25x40 in. 13x17 in
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Resolution
Resolution has two meanin s
Ability to resolve pairs of fine lines(an indicator of sharpness)
Number of pixels a camera cancapture
(2816 x 2112 pixels = 6 mega pixelcamera)
Camera costs rise with moreixels More Pixels means larger image
files
Larger Image files require more2112
ompu er s orage space
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2816
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Image Stabilization
The longer the exposure time, the longer you have to holdthe camera still to avoid blur.
.
Image Stabilization (Canon - IS) orVibration Reduction (Nikon -
VR) can enable sharper shots when you handhold camera.ea es mage y as sp nn ng gyroscope, w c
compensates for vibration.
Can be implemented in either the Camera or the lens.
In Camera o ers sta i ization no matter w at ens you ave attac e In lens tailors required amount of stabilization to the specific lens.
Can gain two stops hand held.
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Picking a Camera
Check Camera review sites www.photo.net
www.dpreview.com
http://www.luminous-landscape.com/reviews/
www.steves-digicams.com
www.digitalreview.ca/
Cameras have model changes approx every 18 months. Price is high for
new models
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DSLR Accessories (Add to cost)
r po
Ball Head
Remote Release Cable
Image Stabilized Lenses Flash Equipment
Flash diffuser
Power Pack
Camera Ba
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Processing software
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Recommended Lightroom PC/MAC - Adobe.com($299) - Recommended
Photoshop Elements ($99) - Adobe.com - Recommended
ACDC Pro ($130)
g tzone . - g tcra ts.com
Paint Shop Pro ($80) - corel.com
Gimp (free) gimp.org
Goo les Picasa free - icasa. oo le.com
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Speciality Software
Di ital Asset Mana ement - Desi ned to hel or anize our ictures.
Lightroom - $299 (adobe.com) ACDC Pro - $130 (acdsystems.com)
ThumbsPlus - $50 & Thumbsplus Pro - $90 (cerious.com)
Extensis Portfilio $200 (extensis.com)
Slide show programs - most image editing programs offer slide showcapa es. ros ow o - an ros ow ro ucer , arededicated to slide shows. (www.photodex.com)
Plu -ins - a lu -in is a mini- ro ram that adds functions to a lar er
photo-editing program such as Photoshop and Photoshop Elements.Check out:http://www.adobe.com/cfusion/marketplace/index.cfm?MARKETPLACEID=2&OFFERINGTYPEID=5&EVENT=market lace.cate ories&c
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RAW versus JPEGWith JPEG the Photo Lab is
Photo Lab
.
set inside the Camera.
Film Camera Digital Camera
Darkroom PhotoShop
With RAW You are getting 100%
of the unprocessed raw data that
the Camera can produce
The Photographer is in full control of the processPrint
JPEG
Advantages
Smaller File sizes
Can shoot faster (Good for Action Photography
Great for snapshots
Disadvantages
RAW
Advantages
Give 100% of image data Camera has captured
16 bit Pixel depth
Processing can take place in Photoshop/other image software.
This processing offers after image choices as to how the
Only 8 bit Pixel depth
Must manage processing in Camera at time of shot
(Exposure, Tone Curve, White Balance)
Some of the RAW image data is lost as image is processed,
therefore you do not have a negative master of your
image.
image will look
Can correct some photographer errors such as poor exposure
Great for Artistic types (Ansel Adams would have loved it
Disadvantages
Must Process in Photoshop/other image software
Large File Sizes
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ou pa a o o money or a mage processor a s u
into your camera
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Color Models
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R+B=M
B+G=C
=
C Ink + Y Ink = G
Y Ink + M Ink = R
M Ink + C Ink = B
C+Y+M = Brown
K = black Ink added
BlueGreen YellowMagenta
REDK
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Commission Internationale de lEclairage (CIE)
Gamut
is like a
How many crayons
are in your Camerasbox?
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Camera Controls File Format & Color Space
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How do you select jpeg or RAW format?
How do you set jpeg quality (size)?
Can you select both JPEG & RAW?
o or pace o e or s
How to you select Color Space?
RGB Color
Model
additive
How many crayons
are in the box?
Graph of human
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eye Color Space
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Shooting - Auto Mode - All P&S Cameras have Auto Mode. .
on your camera.
Hold Camera as if ou were a tri od minimize camera shake
Frame the Image Compose in view finder
Zoom the Lens Zoom in and out to bring subject closer or further away
uto- ocus press s u er u on a way own
Are you too close?
Is it too dark to focus
Auto-exposure Camera adjusts aperture & shutter for correct amount of light ontothe sensor
Auto-flash Flash will automatically fire in low light situations. What is the indication
t at as w re e ye e uct on Auto-White balance adjusts for color of light, e.g. sunny day, cloudy day, florescent
lamp, tungsten lamp
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ress s u er u on u y own o a e p o o
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Shooting - Program Mode
, .
Most P&S Cameras have a Program Mode that allows user some abilityto control image.
amera st ma es most o t e ec s ons ut usua y a ows:
Setting ISO, i.e. the Sensitivity of the sensor to light, allowing
shoots in low light situations White Balance - adjusts for color of light, e.g. sunny day, cloudy
day, florescent lamp, tungsten lamp
Control of Flash
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Camera Controls Program Mode
How do you turn flash on? Off?
How do you set White Balance?
Take some photos indoors
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Scene Modes Most P&S Cameras have a Scene Mode thatallows user some ability to control image. What Scene modes do you have?
Portrait Blurs back round to brinout subject.
Landscape Shows detail inforeground & background
Portrait - Blur
backgroundg a e p c ures n ow g
Sports increased shutter speed tofreeze action
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Other Scenes
Sunsets
Foliage
Aperture Slow
Shutter Speed
Snow Beach
Fireworks
Sports, kids
moving around -
Fast Shutter S eed
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Camera Controls Scene Modes
a cene o es oes your amera
have? What are the differences
How do you select them?
Take some photos indoors
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Managing images on your camera
images? Can you Digitally zoom in/out on
Can you display multiple images?
Can ou Jum ima es?
How do you erase an image?
Play back some images
Delete some images
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Downloading images to a computer
User Manual Connect through a memory card reader which plugs into a USB Port
sua y w at ever so tware you ave can e set up to automat ca y
open to extract images whenever you insert a memory card.
Download some images to your computer.
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Getting Prints from your Images
Retail Service
Walmart, CVS, Ritz Camera, etc.
Cosco Recommended
Online Services
Flickr does not print images, however they will forward your prints to Snapfish
Snapfish will send your prints for local pickup:
Walgreens
CVS
Walmart
Mpix - http://mpix.com/ Recommended
Your own printer
Epson has been major player in photo printer marketplace for over ten Years.
HP and Canon have been major players in Business printer market.
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an anon ave mprove ec no ogy on g en pr n ers o ca c up w pson.
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Formatting Memory Card
If you format your card by mistake, the images are still one car . orma ng on y e m na es e rec ory
Computer recovery software can scan the card and recovermost mages
Caution when throwing away a memory card, you should
be aware there may be images on it.
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Aperature Priority
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You specify aperture, or f-stop; camera selects theshutter speed needed to produce a good exposure.
Control over aperture is important as settingaffects depth of field, or distance over which
.
If youre shooting portrait, for example, you canselect an aperture that keeps the subject sharp
w e urr ng e ac groun . This mode typically is Av
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Shutter Priority
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you select shutter speed; camera selects apertureneeded to expose the picture properly.
Since shutter speed determines whether movingobjects appear blurry or frozen in place, gaining
important if you shoot action pictures.
Shutter-priority mode is usually labeled S or
Tv (time value) on the cameras exposuredial.
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Exposure Compensation
o os a en n per ure or u er
Speed Priority have exposure
Camera doesnt always get it right
Most cameras ave ExposureCompensation that allows manual
v r-r r x urvalue by a + or - factor
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,shooting is cumbersome at best.
anua exposure:
You specify both aperture and shutter.
Most cameras display an exposure meter
will be properly exposed
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Shutter Release Mode Shutter-release mode: Man cameras offer choice of shutter-
release modes, which controls what happens when you press the
shutterbutton. Common modes include: One-shot or single mode: Camera records one image every time you
full de ress the shutter button. In other words this is normalphotography mode.
Continuous or burst mode: Press and hold shutter button down torecord continuous series of images at a rapid pace. The camera keeps
recording pictures until you let up on the shutter button.
Self-timer mode: Press and release the shutter button, and image iscaptured several seconds later. (This is the mode you use when youwant to put yourself in the picture.)
Remote-control mode: Some cameras enable you to trigger the shutterbutton with a remote control unit; if so, this mode sets up the camerafor that option.
Option that controls the shutter-release mode varies; it may benamed Drive mode, Release mode, or Shooting mode.
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SLR Camera Firing Sequence Set A erture f/sto and
Shutter Speed
Press Shutter Button HalfWaylens
a erture
prism
screen
finder
Press Shutter Button full
down
Mirror pops up
light
path
sensor
mirror
shutter
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SLR Camera Firing Sequence Set A erture f/sto and
Shutter Speed
Press Shutter Button HalfWaylens
a erture
prism
screen
finder
Press Shutter Button full
down
Mirror pops up
light
path
sensor
mirror
Shutter
two curtains
Rear Curtain opens
Front curtain opens
Exposure begins
ear curta n c oses
Exposure ends
Front curtain closes
Mirror dro s down
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Before taking a shot, ask yourself:
What do you want viewers eyes to see?
Is anything in the scene moving?
What is in the background of the shot?
Are you close enough?
What is the main source of light?
Should I move to another position?
Should I shoot Portrait or Landscape?
How will the eye travel through this image?
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