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SAAVAL CLASSES, HANUMANGARH ROAD, ABOHAR-152116 M: 95693-66100; 99888-32392 SAAVAL CLASSES For More Study Material Like us on facebook @ SAAVAL CLASSES UNIVERSE: “Look up at the stars and not down at your feet. Try to make sense of what you see, and wonder about what makes the universe exist. Be curious. ” -Stephen Hawking FACTS ABOUT UNIVERSE The universe is about 15 billion years old but the estimate can vary. The study of universe is known as cosmology. Universe is consists physical matter, energy, space and time. GALAXY is having stars, dust, planets bound their own gravity. There are 100 billion galaxies in the universe and each galaxy on an average having 100 billion stars. Spiral, irregular and elliptical are the three types of galaxies. Our Galaxy milky way Galaxy (Or Akash Ganga) Formed After the big bang. Our Galaxy Milky Way galaxy is spiral in shape. Our nearest galaxy is Andromeda. The Big Bang Theory was an explosion of concentrated matter in the universe that occurred 15 billion years ago, leading to the formation of galaxies of stars and other heavenly bodies. Stars: they made up of hot burning gases emitting their own light. Blue colour denotes maximum temperature then come yellow & red etc. The biggest star in our solar system is sun. The life of a star is spread over billions of years. It begins to form by compression of galactic gas and dust. Compression generates heats which in turn cause hydrogen to be converted into helium in nuclear fusion reaction, therefore emit a large amount of light and energy. If a start is of sun’s size, it becomes a White dwarf. Their central density can reach up to 10 grams per cubic cm. Black Hole stars having mass greater than three times that of the sun have very high gravitational force power, so that not even light can escape from its gravity and hence called black hole. Closest star of solar system is Proxima Century (4.2 light years away).Then Comes Alpha Centauri (3.3 light years away) and barnyard’s star (5.9 light years away). Brightest star outside of solar system is Sirius, also called Dog Star. Comets Made up of frozen gases they move around the sun in elongated elliptical orbit with the tail always pointing away from the sun. Constellation The sky is divided into enables the astronomers to identify the position of stars. These units are called constellations. There are 88 known constellations. Meteors They are called shooting stars. Meteors are fragments of rocks coming towards the earth. Meteorite that do not burn completely in earth atmosphere and land on the earth are called meteorites. Edwin Hubble in 1924 first demonstrated existence of galaxies beyond MILKY WAY. He proved that these galaxies are flying away from each other and that the farther they are faster they fly. It mean universe is expanding likes a balloon. In 140 AD, Ptolemy propounded the theory that the earth was the centre of universe and sun the sun and heavenly bodies are revolved around it. In 1543 Copernicus argued that the sun not the earth was the centre of universe.
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SAAVAL CLASSES, HANUMANGARH ROAD, ABOHAR-152116 M: 95693-66100; 99888-32392
SAAVAL CLASSES Fo
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UNIVERSE: Look up at the stars and not down at your feet. Try to make sense of what you see, and wonder
about what makes the universe exist. Be curious.
-Stephen Hawking
FACTS ABOUT UNIVERSE
The universe is about 15 billion years old but the estimate can vary.
The study of universe is known as cosmology.
Universe is consists physical matter, energy, space and time.
GALAXY is having stars, dust, planets bound their own gravity. There are 100 billion galaxies in the
universe and each galaxy on an average having 100 billion stars.
Spiral, irregular and elliptical are the three types of galaxies.
Our Galaxy milky way Galaxy (Or Akash Ganga) Formed After the big bang.
Our Galaxy Milky Way galaxy is spiral in shape. Our nearest galaxy is Andromeda.
The Big Bang Theory was an explosion of concentrated matter in the universe that occurred 15
billion years ago, leading to the formation of galaxies of stars and other heavenly bodies.
Stars: they made up of hot burning gases emitting their own light. Blue colour denotes maximum
temperature then come yellow & red etc.
The biggest star in our solar system is sun.
The life of a star is spread over billions of years. It begins to form by compression of galactic gas
and dust. Compression generates heats which in turn cause hydrogen to be converted into helium
in nuclear fusion reaction, therefore emit a large amount of light and energy.
If a start is of suns size, it becomes a White dwarf. Their central density can reach up to 10 grams
per cubic cm.
Black Hole stars having mass greater than three times that of the sun have very high gravitational
force power, so that not even light can escape from its gravity and hence called black hole.
Closest star of solar system is Proxima Century (4.2 light years away).Then Comes Alpha Centauri
(3.3 light years away) and barnyards star (5.9 light years away).
Brightest star outside of solar system is Sirius, also called Dog Star.
Comets Made up of frozen gases they move around the sun in elongated elliptical orbit with the tail
always pointing away from the sun.
Constellation The sky is divided into enables the astronomers to identify the position of stars.
These units are called constellations. There are 88 known constellations.
Meteors They are called shooting stars. Meteors are fragments of rocks coming towards the earth.
Meteorite that do not burn completely in earth atmosphere and land on the earth are called
meteorites.
Edwin Hubble in 1924 first demonstrated existence of galaxies beyond MILKY WAY. He proved that
these galaxies are flying away from each other and that the farther they are faster they fly. It mean
universe is expanding likes a balloon.
In 140 AD, Ptolemy propounded the theory that the earth was the centre of universe and sun the
sun and heavenly bodies are revolved around it. In 1543 Copernicus argued that the sun not the
earth was the centre of universe.
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SAAVAL CLASSES, HANUMANGARH ROAD, ABOHAR-152116 M: 95693-66100; 99888-32392
SAAVAL CLASSES Fo
r M
ore
Stu
dy
Mat
eri
al L
ike
us
on
fac
ebo
ok
@ S
AA
VA
L C
LASS
ES
First human to journey into outer space was Yuri Gagarin. He was a Russian-Soviet pilot
and Cosmonaut. Gagarin became an international celebrity, and was awarded many medals and
titles, including Hero of the Soviet Union, the nation's highest honour.
The first woman in space was Valentina Tereshkova, a Soviet Cosmonaut who flew aboard the Vostok 6 on June 16, 1963.
First INDIAN in Space was Rakesh Sharma.
The first person to look into space with a telescope was Galileo, nearly 400 years ago.
There is no sound in space.
Space is flexible. Its been expanding at a measurable rate since the beginning of time.
MEASUREMENT UNITS OF SPACE ARE:
Light year: It is distance travel by light in vacuum in one year. It is the unit of distance.
1 Light year= 9.46 1015 meters
Astronomical Unit (A.U): It is the mean distance between the earth and the sun.
1 A.U= 149 597 871 kilometres
1Light Year = 60,000 A.U
Parsec: it represents the distance at which the mean radius of earth orbit subtends and angle of
one second of an arc.
1 Parsec= 3.26 Light year
