double shells & Hagia Sophia - Miles Lewis · Hagia Sophia compared with Brunelleschi’s Cappella...
Transcript of double shells & Hagia Sophia - Miles Lewis · Hagia Sophia compared with Brunelleschi’s Cappella...
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ABPL90267 Development of Western Architecture
double shells & Hagia Sophia
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planning developments
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the palace compound of Antiochos in Constantinople , after NaumannJ M Bloom [ed], Early Islamic Art and Architecture (Ashgate, Aldershot [Hampshire] 2002), p 325
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new plan types
double shellmultifoil
tetraconchinscribed
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the double shell
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a simple double-shell planSanta Costanza, Rome, c 365: views, section, plan
MUAS 15,445; Miles Lewis; E H Swift, Roman Sources of Christian Art (New York 1951), p 40
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Santa Costanza, interiorLassus, Early Christian and Byzantine World, pl 16
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multifoil plans
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a multifoil planpavilion in the Licinian Gardens (Temple of Minerva
Medica), Rome, early C4thplan & section
MUAS 13,935
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St Gereon, Cologne, c 380
section & plan
Jean Hubert, Jean Porcher, & W F Volbach, Europe in the Dark Ages
(London 1969), pl 327Richard Krautheimer, Early Christian and Byzantine Architecture [Pelican
History of Art] (Harmondsworth [Middlesex] 1965), p 62
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the tetraconch
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a Roman tetraconchthe Piazza d'Oro of Hadrian's Villa, Tivoli, 124, reconstruction
MUAS 13,933
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San Lorenzo,Milan, c 370
front colonnade
plan
Miles LewisWilliam MacDonald, Early Christian and
Byzantine Architecture (London 1968 [New York 1962]), pl 37
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a tetraconch double shellS Lorenzo, Milan
alternative reconstructionsplan
modern view
Fritz Baumgart, A History of Architectural Styles (London 1970 [1969]), p 57Paolo Verzone, From Theodoric to Charlemagne (London 1968 [1967]), p 35
MacDonald, Early Christian and Byzantine Architecture, pl 37Hubert, Europe in the Dark Ages, pl 8
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S Lorenzo, Milaninterior as remodelled by Martino
Bassi, 1574-88view, ambulatory, plan
Lassus, Early Christian and Byzantine World, p 89Miles Lewis
MacDonald, Early Christian and Byzantine Architecture, pl 37
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more tetraconch double shell(or nearly) plans
church or audience hall in the library of Hadrian, Athens, early C5th
probable Martyrium at Seleucia-Pieria (Samandag), late C5th
MacDonald, Early Christian and Byzantine Architecture, pl 38
Krautheimer, Early Christian and Byzantine Architecture, p 105
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Abu Mina, Egypt: tetraconch phase of East Church, 2nd quarter C6thJudith McKenzie, The Architecture of Alexandria and Egypt c. 300 BC to AD
700 (New Haven [Connecticut] 2007), p 294
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ResafeSyria
Photo Horst Fiedler Sena Lobo
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Resafe, from the northMiles Lewis
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Resafe: aerial view from the north-east
Krautheimer, Early Christian and Byzantine Architecture, pl 96
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Resafe, north gate, c AD 500
reconstruction & detail view
Peter Bamm, The Kingdoms of Christ: the Story of the Early Church
(London 1959), p 79Miles Lewis
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Resafe
planview inside the north wall
Soubhi Saouaf, Six Tours in the Vicinity of Aleppo (Aleppo 1957), fig 93
Miles Lewis
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Martyrium or tetraconch church, Resafe, before 553
view from the east & plan
Miles LewisSoubhi Saouaf, Six Tours in the Vicinity of Aleppo (Aleppo 1957), fig 93
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martyrium church, Resafe
interior view of the apse with vestigial synthronon &
cathedra
Miles Lewis
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martyrium church, Resafe
nave seen through south conch
Miles Lewis
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Bosra & Ezraa
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an inscribed tetraconchCathedral at Bosra, Syria, 512
nave, lookig east
Miles Lewis
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Cathedral at Bosraplan & reconstruction view
Crowfoot, Churches at Bosra and Samaria-[?Seraste]
detail of the south wall(marked orange on plan)
Miles Lewis
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Cathedral at Bosra
existing planprevious plan
possible original plan
Miles Lewis
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St George, Ezraa, Syria, c 515
south-west viewapse
interior
Miles Lewis
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St George, Ezraa
plan & section
Cecil Stewart, Early Christian, Byzantine and Romanesque Architecture (London
1954 [1905/8]), p 63, after De Vogué
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HH Sergios & Bakchos[Sergius & Bacchus]
Constantinople
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HH Sergios & Bakchos, Constantinople, 527-36
front viewplan
south-east view
Miles LewisMathews, Early Churches of Constantinople, p 44
MUAS 15,451
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HH Sergios & Bakchos
plan
south flank
Mathews, Early Churches of Constantinople, p 44
Miles Lewis
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HH Sergios & Bakchos
McKenzie, Alexandria and Egypt, p 340
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HH Sergios & Bakchoscutaway isometric of the dome, longitudinal section
MUAS 12,749Lassus, Early Christian and Byzantine World, p 75
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the pumpkin or convoluted dome
HH Sergios & Bakchos
Nymphaeum in the Gardens of Sallust, Rome, AD 69-79
MUAS 12,748
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HH Sergios & Bakchos: interior© Paradoxplace.com.
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HH Sergios & Bakchos: interior details
Cyril Mango, Byzantine Architecture (New York 1985 [1976 (Milan 1974)]), p 51, pl 11MUAS 15,592Miles Lewis
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the geometry of dome construction
the squinchthe pendentive
the simple domethe compound dome
the drumthe convoluted or pumpkin dome
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the term does not refer to any one shape, but to the idea of spanning the corner of a plan shape to bring it closer to a circle, eg a square to an
octagon, or an octagon to a sixteen-sided figure
R A Stevens, Building in History (London 1965), p 45Talbot Hamlin, Forms and Functions of Twentieth-Century Architecture, I, The Elements of
Building (New York 1952), p 541
the squinch
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squinchesAlahan Manastir, Turkey, C5th; SS Pietro e Paolo, Agro, Sicily, C12th
Miles Lewis; MUAS 12,577
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West Baths at Jerash, Jordan, AD C2nd: the domeMiles Lewis
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the pendentiveStewart, Early Christian &c Architecture, p 50
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pendentive at the West Baths, Jerashbuilding a pendentive at Craterre, France
Miles Lewis; Jean Dethier et al, Down to Earth (New York 1983), p 61
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simple & compound domes
Stewart, Early Christian &c Architecture, p 51
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the dome & drum
R A Stevens & Wheeldon, Building in History (London 1965), p 45
Stewart, Early Christian &c Architecture, p 52
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Hagia SophiaIstanbul, AD 532-7
Miles Lewis
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Hagia Sophiaby Anthemios of Tralles & Isodorus of Miletus, AD 532-7
Miles Lewis, Architectura, p 228
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Hagia Sophianineteenth century lithograph & modern view
G Fossati, Aya Sofia, Constantinople (1852)Miles Lewis
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Hagia Sophia, interior view: Miles Lewis, Architectura, p 229
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Hagia Sophiacutaway view
George Mansell, Anatomy of Architecture (London
1979, p 46
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Hagia Sophia: plan
Swift, Roman Sources of Christian Art, p 42
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from HH Sergius & Bakchos to Hagia Sophia Miles Lewis
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the design
Hagia Sophiaby Anthemios of
Tralles & Isodorus of Miletus, AD 532-7
view from above
X B i Altet, The Early Middle Ages from Late Antiquity to A.D. 1000
(Köln 1997), p 23
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Hagia Sophia
the arrangementof the domes
MUAS 12,209
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Hagia Sophia, diagonal section of the original dome
Swift, Roman Sources of Christian Art, p 123
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Hagia Sophia, dates of the
present dome
R J Mainstone, Hagia Sophia: Architecture,
Structure and Liturgy of Justinian’s Great Church (Thames & Hudson, no place
1997), p 90
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Hagia Sophia, longitudinal section
Swift, Roman Sources of Christian Art, p 122
thrust of the old dome
thrust of theNew dome
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Hagia Sophia, transverse sections with the old and the new domeafter Mackenzie, Alexandria, p 848
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Hagia Sophia, transverse section with buttressesSwift, Roman Sources of Christian Art, p 82
thrust ofthe dome
weight ofthe buttress
resultantforce
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Hagia Sophia, isometric diagram, with the dome removedAuguste Choisy, Histoire de l’Architecture (2 vols, Paris 1890)
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Basilica Nova of Maxentius, or Constantine, Rome,
finished after 313
Swift, Roman Sources of Christian Art, p 14
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Hagia Sophia from the south
Miles Lewis
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Hagia Sophia
interior detail at ground level,
with sloping shaft
Andrew Hutson
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Hagia Sophia the underside of the domeMiles Lewis
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Hagia Sophia
details of the conches and
aisle
Miles LewisMUAS 15,610, 4580
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Hagia Sophia: the nave arcadingMiles Lewis
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Hagia Sophia
details of the nave arcading
Miles Lewis
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Hagia Sophiacapitals, incorporating the monogram of Justinian & Theodora
Lassus, The Early Christian and Byzantine World, p 64MUAS 15,609
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Hagia Sophia
marble panelling of the north nave wall
Miles Lewis
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Hagia Sophiamosaic at the entrance
Photo © Helen Betts. , Sacred Destinations
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Hagia Sophiainterior, from the gallery
Miles Lewis
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Hagia Sophia compared with Brunelleschi’s Cappella Pazzi, Florence
Miles Lewis; Frederick Hartt, History of Italian Renaissance Art: Painting, Sculpture, Architecture (New York 1969), cp 14
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