Doors & Gates BT Presentation

7/27/2019 Doors & Gates BT Presentation

1/76

REPORTED BY:ROY BENEDICT BAUTISTA

MARCHIE BORJA

BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 1

MWF / 8:00-9:00 AM

Doors & Gates


2/76

What are DOORS?

DOORSReported by: Roy Benedict Bautista & Marchie Borja

BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 1 / MWF / 8:00-9:00 AM

are a movable structure used to open and

close off an entrance, typically consisting

of a panel that swings on hinges or that

slides or spins inside a space.


3/76

Function of Doors

Security

Safety

Privacy

Ventilation

Light Admission

Control over elements of weather

Temperature Prevention of fire spread

Noise barrier




4/76



Two Main Classification of Doors

Exterior Door

Interior Door


5/76



Different Door Symbols


6/76

Parts of a Door




7/76




8/76




9/76




10/76




11/76




12/76

Other Door Features / PartsTransom

The fixed glass panel that is installed abovethe door.

Decorative Glass

Individual pieces of clear, textured or beveledglass in a pattern held together by metal

strips called caming; inside the door panel,sidelight or transom.

Caming

Metal parts of the glass design. Metal optionsinclude lead, brass, copper, zinc (silver), orpatina (black).

Sidelights

The fixed glass panels that are attached oneither side of the door frame.




13/76

Other Door Features / PartsFlush bolt

Bolts mounted in a door to lock a door in

place. They are primarily used on double

doors where one door is locked in place and

the other door is the one mainly used (active

door).

Footbolt

A type of door-securing bolt that is applied at

the bottom of a door, and is designed for foot

operation.

Astragal

An astragal is a vertical molding that closes

the clearance gap between a pair of hinged

doors.




14/76

Other Door Features / PartsStrike plate

A metal plate affixed to a door jamb with a holeor holes for the bolt of the door. When the dooris closed, the bolt extends into the hole in thestrike plate, and holds the door closed. Thestrike plate protects the jamb against frictionfrom the bolt, and increases security in the caseof a jamb made of a softer material (such aswood) than the strike plate.

Thumbturn

The component that projects or retracts a deadbolt or latch bolt by grasping with the thumb andfingers and turning. Also called a "turnkey.

Weatherstripping

A strip of resilient material for covering the jointbetween the door panel and frame in order toreduce air leaks and prevent water fromentering the structure.




15/76

Other Door Features / PartsWeep Holes

The individual openings provided in thesill to allow water or condensation toescape.

Weep System

A series of tiny openings in the sill thatallow unwanted moisture to drain to the

outside.Dust pads

Small, cloth-like pads used to seal thegap at the corner of a window or door.

Gaskets

Rubber strips applied to the top and sidesof doors, and into double-hung andsliding window channels, to seal out airand water.




16/76

Other Door Features / PartsBack-set

A dimension from the edge of the door to thecenter of the knob, cylinder or function hole.

On doors with a beveled edge, distance is

measured from the center of the door edge.

Tubular (cylindrical) locksets usually have a 2

3/8 or 2 3/4 backset.Mortise Lock

Lock type which installs into a large mortise or

pocket (typically about 5-1/2" high and 4"

deep) which has been cut into the edge of

door, as opposed to a tubular (cylindrical) lockwhich installs through round holes bored into

the face and edge of the door.




17/76

Components of Doorways

When framed in wood for snug fitting of a door, the doorway consistsof two verticaljambs on either side, a lintelorhead jamb at the top,and perhaps a thresholdat the bottom. When a door has more thanone movable section, one of the sections may be called a leaf.

Lintel - A horizontal beam above a door that supports the wallabove it. (Also known as a header)

Jambs - The vertical posts that form the sides of a door frame,where the hinges are mounted, and with which the bolt interacts.

Sill - A horizontal beam below the door that supports the frame

Doorstop - a thin slat built inside the frame to prevent a door fromswinging through when closed, which might break the hinges.

Architrave - The decorative molding that outlines a door frame.(called an Archivolt if the door is arched). Called doorcasingorbrickmoldin North America.




18/76

H O L L O W - C O R E F L U S H

H A R D B O A R D I N T E R I O R D O O R

S O L I D - C O R E F L U S H

M E D I U M - D E N S I T Y F I B E R B O A R D ( M D F )

F I B E R G L A S S E X T E R I O R

I N S U L A T E D W O O D E N - P A N E L D O O R S S T A V E - C O R E

S T E E L E X T E R I O R D O O R S

G L A S S - P A N E L E D

Materials used on Doors




19/76

Materials Used on Doors

A hollow-core flush interiordoor is a common choice for newconstruction.

It has a frame made of solid wood

boards that are typically about 11/2 inches wide. A cardboardwebbing runs through the interiorto provide rigidity and prevent

drumming. These doors can last for decades if

treated gently, but can be dentedor punctured if hit hard.




20/76




21/76

Materials Used on Doors The most affordable choice is a

stamped hardboard interiordoor. The hardboard (sometimescalled by the brand name Masonite) isa fairly soft material, but is usuallycovered with a hard-baked paint.

Some hardboard doors are hollow-core, while others are filled with foamor particleboard. These can look greatfor years if treated gently, but they are

easily dented; if they become wet forprolonged periods, the hardboard willswell.

Both conditions are difficult to repair.




22/76


A solid-core flush exterior door is

made much like a hollow-core interior

door, but the space within the wood

frame is filled with solid particleboard.

These are very heavy but not as

durable as other exterior doors. If notkept protected with paint, the veneer

may delaminate from the

particleboard.

If the particle board gets wet, the doorcan become unusable.




23/76

Materials Used on Doors Interior doors made of medium-

density fiberboard (MDF) are

gaining in popularity.

Many of these doors have a paneledyet modern look and are available in a

wide range of attractive styles.

MDF is harder and less susceptible to

denting than hardboard, though not as

strong as solid wood.




24/76

Materials Used on Doors Fiberglass exteriordoors are quickly

gaining in popularity. Fiberglass is

easily molded into most any shape

and style.

Fiberglass is durable, hard, and not

prone to shrinking, expanding, or

warping.

These doors are available in a variety

of colors and are easy to paint.




25/76


Insulated Wooden-panel doors, made

for interior and exterior applications, havea classic appeal.

Solid wood has good strength and

insulating properties. Hardwoods such as

oak are very resistant to denting;softwoods such as pine are more easily

dented but are still quite durable.

All exterior doors must be protected with

paint or finish to prevent them from

warping or cracking. Some exterior wood-panel doors have a foam core, for added

insulation and stability.




26/76

Materials Used on Doors A stave-core (also called "core-

block") exterior door looks like a

standard wood-panel door, but it is

made of several thin pieces of wood

that are laminated together.

The laminated core is then covered

with a wooden veneer. This method

makes for an extremely stable door.

However the veneer is liable to peel if

the door is not kept protected with

stain or paint.




27/76


Once considered an option only for

commercial applications, steelexterior doors are increasinglypopular for homes.

Some have a steel face with a

foam core for insulation. Othershave a core made of foamwrapped in steel, with a woodveneer applied to the exterior.

The result is a door with goodinsulating properties that is alsovery strong and burglar resistant.




28/76


Glass-panel doors need to bewell built, especially if they are

exterior doors.

Individual glass panes are often

referred to as "lights" (or "lites"). Be sure to get gas-filled thermal

glass panes for an exterior door,

and make sure the glass is well

sealed against the stiles and

rails.




29/76

Door Types according toDesign / Types

DOORS

Reported by: Roy Benedict Bautista & Marchie Borja



30/76

Door Types according to Design / Types

A half door or Dutch

door or stable door is divided

in half horizontally. Traditionally

the top half can be opened toallow a horse or other animal to

be fed, while the bottom half

remained closed to keep the

animal inside. This style of doorhas been adapted for homes.

DOORS




31/76


Saloon doors are a pair oflightweight swing doors often foundin public bars, and especiallyassociated with the American west.

Saloon doors, also knownas cafe doors, often usebidirectional hinges which close thedoor regardless of which direction itis opened by incorporating springs.

Saloon doors that only extendfrom knee-level to chest-level areknown as batwing doors.

DOORS




32/76


A barn door is a door

characteristic of a barn.

They are often/always

found on barns, andbecause of a barn's

immense size (often) doors

are subsequently big for

utility.

DOORS




33/76


A French door is a door(installed singly or as one of a

matching pair or series)

consisting of a frame around

one or more transparent

and/or translucent panels

(called lights or lites); it is also

called a French window as it

resembles a door-height

casement window.

DOORS




34/76


A false door is a walldecoration that looks like a

door. In ancient Egyptian

architecture, this was a

common element in a tomb, the

false door representing a gate

to the afterlife. They can also

be found in the funerary

architecture of the desert tribes

(e.g., Libyan Ghirza).

DOORS




35/76

Door Types according to Mechanism

Many kinds of doors have specificnames, depending on their purpose.

Single-leaf door is the mostcommon variety of door which

consists of a single rigid panel thatfills the doorway.

Many variations on this basic designare possible, such as the double-leaf door simmilar to French

doors that have two adjacentindependent panels hinged on eachside of the doorway.

DOORS




36/76

DOORS




37/76


A flush door is a completely smooth door,having plywood or MDF fixed over a light

timber frame, the hollow parts of which are

often filled with a cardboard core material.

Skins can also be made out of hardboards,

the first of which was invented by William HMason in 1924.

Called Masonite, its construction involved

pressing and steaming wood chips into

boards. Flush doors are most commonly

employed in the interior of a dwelling,although slightly more substantial versions

are occasionally used as exterior doors,

especially within hotels and other buildings

containing many independent dwellings.

DOORS




38/76

Components of a Flushed Door

Many modern doors, including most interior doors, are flush doors: Stiles and rails - As above, but usually smaller. They form the outside edges of the door.

Core material: Material within the door used simply to fill space, provide rigidity and reduce

druminess.

Hollow-core - Often consists of a lattice or honeycomb made of corrugated cardboard, or thin wooden

slats. Can also be built with staggered wooden blocks. Hollow-core flush doors are commonly used as

interior doors.

Lock block - A solid block of wood mounted within a hollow-core flush door near the bolt to provide asolid and stable location for mounting the door's hardware.

Stave-core - Consists of wooden slats stacked upon one another in a manner similar to a plank &

batten door (though the slats are usually thinner) or the wooden-block hollow-core (except that the

space is entirely filled).

Solid-core - Can consist of low-density particle board or foam used to completely fill the space within

the door. Solid-core flush doors (especially foam-core ones) are commonly used as exterior doors

because they provide more insulation and strength.

Skin - The front and back faces of the door are then covered with wood veneer, thin plywood, sheet

metal, fiberglass, or vinyl. The wooden materials are usually layered with the grain alternating direction

between layers to prevent warping. Fiberglass and metal-faced doors are sometimes given a layer of

cellulose so that they may be stained to look like real wood.

DOORS




39/76


DOORS



A panel door also called stile and rail doors, arebuilt with frame and panel construction.


40/76

Components of a Panel Door

Stiles - Vertical boards that run the full height of a door and compose itsright and left edges. The hinges are mounted to the fixed side (known asthe "hanging stile"), and the handle, lock, bolt, and/or latch are mountedon the swinging side (known as the "latch stile").

Rails - Horizontal boards at the top, bottom, and optionally in the middleof a door that join the two stiles and split the door into two or more rows ofpanels. The "top rail" and "bottom rail" are named for their positions. The

bottom rail is also known as "kick rail". A middle rail at the height of the

bolt is known as the "lock rail", other middle rails are commonly known as"cross rails".

Mullions - Smaller optional vertical boards that run between two rails,and split the door into two or more columns of panels, the term is usedsometimes for verticals in doors, but more often (UK and Australia) itrefers to verticals in windows.

Muntin - Optional vertical members that divide the door into smallerpanels.

Panels - Large, wider boards used to fill the space between the stiles, rails,and mullions. The panels typically fit into grooves in the other pieces, andhelp to keep the door rigid. Panels may be flat, or in raised panel designs.

Lite - a piece of glass used in place of a panel, essentially giving the door awindow.

DOORS




41/76


Hinge doors are common doorsare hinged along one side to allow

the door to pivot away from the

doorway in one direction but not in

the other. The axis of rotation isusually vertical. In some cases, such

as hinged garage doors, the axis

may be horizontal, above the door

opening.

DOORS




42/76


A swing doors has special hinges that allow it toopen either outwards or inwards, and is usually

sprung to keep it closed.

DOORS




43/76


44/76

Door Swings

In other words: Left hand hinge (LHH): Standing outside (or on the less secure

side, or on the public side of the door), the hinges are on the leftand the door opens in (away from you).

Right hand hinge (RHH): Standing outside (or on the less secureside), the hinges are on the right and the door opens in (away from

you). Left hand reverse (LHR): Standing outside the house (or on the

less secure side), the hinges are on the left, knob on right, onopening the door it swings towards you (i.e. the door swings opentowards the outside, or "outswing")

Right hand reverse (RHR): Standing outside the house (i.e. on theless secure side), the hinges are on the right, knob on left, openingthe door by pulling the door towards you (i.e. open swings to theoutside, or "outswing)

DOORS




45/76


A louvered doorhas fixed or movablewooden fins (often called slats

or louvers) which permit open

ventilation while preserving privacy and

preventing the passage of light to theinterior.

Being relatively weak structures, they

are most commonly used

for wardrobes and drying rooms, where

security is of less importance thangood ventilation, although a very

similar structure is commonly used to

form window shutters.DOORS




46/76


A ledge and brace door is adoor made from multiple

vertical planks fixed together by

two horizontal planks (the

ledges) and kept square by a

diagonal plank (the brace). This

type consists of vertical tongue

and grooved boards heldtogether with battens and

diagonal braces.

DOORS




47/76


DOORS



A batten door is a doorconstructed of vertical

boards held together by

horizontal battens and

diagonal bracing.


48/76

Plank and Batten Doors

Plank and batten doors are an older design consistingprimarily of vertical slats:

Planks - Vertical boards that extend the full height ofthe door, and are placed side by side filling the door's

width. Battens - Smaller slats that extend horizontally across

the door which the planks are affixed to. The battens holdthe planks together. Sometimes a long diagonal slat ortwo are also implemented to prevent the door from

skewing. On some doors, especially antique ones, thebattens are replaced with iron bars that are often builtinto the hinges as extensions of the door-side plates.

DOORS




49/76


A wicket door is apedestrian door built into amuch larger door allowingaccess without requiring the

opening of the larger door.Examples might be foundon the ceremonial door of acathedral or in a largevehicle door in a garage orhangar.

DOORS




50/76


51/76


Folding dooris a door with hinged sectionsthat can be folded flat against one another

when opened.

DOORS

Reported by: Roy Benedict Bautista & Marchie BorjaBUILDING TECHNOLOGY 1 / MWF / 8:00-9:00 AM


52/76


Accordion dooris a multi-leafeddoor that is hung from an

overhead track and opens by

folding back in the manner of an

accordion

DOORS



53/76


Sliding doors, It is often useful

to have doors which slide along

tracks, often for space or

aesthetic considerations.

Pocket doors are doors which

slide between two wall panels.

DOORS



54/76


A sliding glass door,sometimes called an

Arcadia door or a Patio

door, is a door made

of glass that slides open andsometimes has a screen (a

removable metal mesh that

covers the door).

DOORS



55/76


Glass door is a door of heat-strengthened glass, with or

without rails or stiles, used

primarily as an entrance door.

DOORS



56/76


Pivot door is a door carriedon and swinging about on a

center or offset pivot, as

distinguished from one hung

on hinges.

DOORS



57/76


Rolling door, alarge door consisting

of horizontal

interlocking metal

slats guided by atrack on either side,

opening by coiling

about an overhead

drum at the head of

the door opening.

DOORS



58/76


DOORS


A self-bolting door is called assuch because of its specialhinges that permit the panel leafto move laterally so that the door

itself becomes a giant bolt forbetter security result. The self-bolting door principle can beused both for hinged doors as forrotating doors, as well as up-and-over doors (in the latter case, thebolts are then placed at top andbottom rather than at the sides).


59/76


DOORS


A rotating doornormally hasseveral wings/leaves thathang on a center shaftforming compartments whichrotate one way about a

vertical axis. Doors using fourwings are most common, butthere are also examples withtwo, three, or six wings. Thedoor may be motorized, or

pushed manually using pushbars. People can walk out ofand into the building at thesame time.


60/76


DOORS


Up-and-over or overheaddoors are often used ingarages. Instead of hingesit has a mechanism, often

counterbalanced or sprung,that allows it to be lifted sothat it rests horizontallyabove the opening. A rollershutter or sectional

overhead door is onevariant of this type.


61/76


DOORS


A trapdoor is a door that is oriented horizontally ina floor or ceiling, often accessed via a ladder.


62/76


DOORS


A pet door(also known as a dog door or cat flap)is an opening in a door to allow pets to enter and

exit without the main door being opened.


63/76


DOORS


A butterfly doorcalled because ofits two "wings". It consists of adouble-wide panel with its rotationaxle in the centre, effectivelycreating two separate openingswhen the door is opened. Butterflydoors are made to rotate open inone direction (usuallycounterclockwise), and rotate

closed in the opposite direction. Thedoor is not equipped with handles,so it is a "push" door.

di h i


64/76


DOORS


A jib door is a concealeddoor, whose surface

reflects the moldings and

finishes of the wall. These

were used in historic

English houses, mainly as

servants' doors.

di h i


65/76


DOORS


Blast-proof doors are constructed to allowaccess to a structure but also to provide protection

from the force of explosions. Commonly used in

banks and vaults.

di h i


66/76


DOORS


Automatic / electric doors are powered open and closed either byelectricity, spring, or both. There are several methods by which itis activated:

1. A sensor detects traffic is approaching. Sensors forautomatic doors are generally:

A pressure sensor - e.g., a floor mat which reacts tothe pressure of someone standing on it.

An infrared curtain or beam which shines invisible lightonto sensors; if someone or something blocks thebeam the door is triggered open.

A motion sensor which uses low-powermicrowave radar for the same effect.

A remote sensor (e.g. based on infrared or radiowaves) can be triggered by a portable remote control,or is installed inside a vehicle. These are popular for

garage doors.2. A switch is operated manually, perhaps after security

checks. This can be a push button switch or a swipe card.

3. The act of pushing or pulling the door triggers the open andclose cycle. These are also known as power-assisteddoors.

Wh t i G t ?


67/76

What is a Gate?

Agate or gatewayis a point of entryto a space enclosed by walls, or amoderately sized opening in somesort of fence. Gates may prevent orcontrol the entry or exit of

individuals, or they may be merelydecorative. Other terms for gateinclude yettandport.

The word derives from the old Norse"gata", meaning road or path, and

originally referred to the gap in thewall or fence, rather thanthe barrier which closed it.

DOORS


Wh t i G t ?


68/76

What is a Gate?

A gate may have a latch to keep it from swinging anda lock for security. Larger gates can be used for a

whole building, such as a castle or fortified town, orthe actual doors that block entry through

the gatehouse. Today, many gate doors are openedby an automated gate operator.

DOORS


B b t Child S f t G t


69/76

Baby gate or Child Safety Gate

It is a protective barrier designed toprevent young children fromaccessing areas of a home wherethey might be unsafe, suchas stairways and kitchens.

Baby gates are typically constructedof metal, plastic and/or wood, andcan be expanded to fit in a rangeof doorway widths.

Baby gates are also frequently usedto contain small pets, especiallyones that are not housebroken.

DOORS


Cit G t


70/76

City Gate

A gate which is, or was, set within a citywall. Other terms includeport.

City gates were traditionally built toprovide a point of controlled access to

and departure from a walled city forpeople, vehicles, goods and animals.Depending on their historical contextthey filled functions relating to defense,security, health, trade, taxation, and

representation, and werecorrespondingly staffed by military ormunicipal authorities

DOORS


H hi t Wi G t


71/76

Hampshire gate or Wire Gate

A type of agricultural gate formed from asection of wire fence which can be removedtemporarily.

This type of gate is used where access is onlyneeded occasionally, or when the cost of aconventional rigid gate cannot be justified.

DOORS


Ki i G t


72/76

Kissing Gate

A type of gate which allowspeople to pass through, butnot livestock.

This design of gate does not

usually allow bicycles to betaken through, and they must belifted over the fence. Theetymology of the name is thatthe gate merely "kisses"

(touches) the enclosure eitherside, rather than needing to besecurely latched.

DOORS


L h t


73/76

Lychgate

Also spelled lichgate, lycugate, or astwo separate words lych gate, (from OldEnglish lic, corpse) is a gateway coveredwith a roof found at the entrance to atraditional English or English-

style churchyard.

Lychgates consist of a roofed porch-likestructure over a gate, often built of wood.They usually consist of four or six upright

wooden posts in a rectangular shape. Ontop of this are a number of beams to holda pitched roof covered in thatch orwooden or clay tiles.

DOORS


T ii


74/76

Torii

a traditional Japanese gate mostcommonly found at the entrance of orwithin a Shinto shrine, where itsymbolically marks the transition fromthe profane to the sacred. The presence ofa torii at the entrance is usually the

simplest way to identify Shinto shrines,and a small torii icon represents them onJapanese road maps.

They are, however, a common sightat Japanese Buddhist temples too, where

they stand at the entrance of the temple'sown shrine, called chinjusha and usuallyvery small.

DOORS


T til


75/76

Turnstile

also called a baffle gate, is a formof gate which allows one person to passat a time. It can also be made so as toenforce one-way traffic of people, andin addition, it can restrict passage onlyto people who insert a coin, a ticket, a

pass, or similar. Thus, a turnstile can be used in the case

of paid access (sometimes called a faregate when used for this purpose), forexample public transport as a ticket

barrier or a pay toilet, or to restrictaccess to authorized people, forexample in the lobby of an office

building.

DOORS



76/76

THANK YOU!

DOORSReported by: Roy Benedict Bautista & Marchie BorjaBUILDING TECHNOLOGY 1 / MWF / 8:00-9:00 AM

Doors & Gates BT Presentation

Documents

Transcript of Doors & Gates BT Presentation