dominica workshp v2

8/14/2019 dominica workshp v2

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Biodiesel: orBiodiesel: orYour fries giveYour fries give

me gasme gas


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Who are we?Who are we? Jill ParleeJill Parlee

Handel CallenderHandel Callender


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Sources ofSources of

feedstockfeedstockRestaurantsRestaurantsHotelsHotels

SnackettesSnackettes

School cafeteriasSchool cafeterias

CruiseshipsCruiseships


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You can also growYou can also grow

your own fuel.your own fuel.Dominica has aDominica has arange of oil crops,range of oil crops,coconut being thecoconut being the

most popularmost popular

Coconut yields 2,260Coconut yields 2,260

kg oil/hectarekg oil/hectare

Jatropha yieldsJatropha yields

1,590 kg oil/hectare1,590 kg oil/hectare

Castor bean yieldsCastor bean yields

1188 kg oil/hectare1188 kg oil/hectare


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Raw materialsRaw materials

neededneeded Vegetable oil (feedstock)Vegetable oil (feedstock) MethanolMethanol

Potassium Hydroxide or Sodium HydroxidePotassium Hydroxide or Sodium Hydroxide

Safety precautions:Safety precautions:

Methanol is a highly toxic and flammable alcohol.Methanol is a highly toxic and flammable alcohol.

Gloves, masks, long sleeved work clothes and aGloves, masks, long sleeved work clothes and awell ventilated area should be all accessible whenwell ventilated area should be all accessible whenworking with itworking with it

Sodium Hydroxide is highly alkaline and willSodium Hydroxide is highly alkaline and willproduce severe burns when in contact with skinproduce severe burns when in contact with skin


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The chemistry ofThe chemistry of

biodieselbiodiesel Vegetable oil + Methanol + Potassium Hydroxide =Vegetable oil + Methanol + Potassium Hydroxide =Methylester (biodiesel)Methylester (biodiesel)

TRIGLYCERIDE MOLECULE (VEGE OIL)


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Whats the equipment youWhats the equipment you

need?need?

(piecing it together)(piecing it together)Requirement DescriptionFeedstock storage To hold all vegetable oil collected or

produced

Biodiesel reactor For mixing oil and chemicals

Byproduct storage To hold glycerin byproductWater storage Rain or river water

Biodiesel wash system Cleaning the crude biodiesel beforeplacing in vehicles

Waste water treatment and

storage

Cleaning up the water used to wash

biodieselBiodiesel storage

Distribution Pumps or fuel containers to deliver fuelto vehicle tank

A small room for a lab Fuel quality testing and chemical prep


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Stage 1: Feedstock storage andStage 1: Feedstock storage and

pretreatmentpretreatmentYou may need:55 gallon metal drums1000 litre containersWater tanksLarge metal storage tanks

Some basic requirements for feedstock

storage:Ideally it should have a cone shaped

bottomIt should be able to take some heat

(up to70 Celsius)

It should have fittings to easily connectplumbingIt should be easily and safely filled

Additional components for feedstock storage:A pump and plumbing fittings are needed to

transfer prepared oil to reactor


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Stage 2: The ReactorStage 2: The Reactor

You may need:You may need:

55 gallon metal drum55 gallon metal drum

HDPE prefabricated plasticHDPE prefabricated plasticcontainercontainer

Stainless steel vesselStainless steel vessel

Some basic requirements for biodieselSome basic requirements for biodieselreactorreactor

It should be sealed or have a coverIt should be sealed or have a coverto prevent fume leaksto prevent fume leaks

Ideally it should have a coneIdeally it should have a cone

shaped bottomshaped bottom

It must have a pump or a high toIt must have a pump or a high tomedium speed mixer of some kindmedium speed mixer of some kind


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The Reactor cont.The Reactor cont.

It should be able to take heat.It should be able to take heat.The reaction temp is optimal atThe reaction temp is optimal ataround 55 Celsiusaround 55 Celsius

It should have fittings to easilyIt should have fittings to easilyconnect plumbingconnect plumbing

It should be easily and safelyIt should be easily and safelyfilledfilled

Some welding may be requiredSome welding may be required

Plumbing will be needed toPlumbing will be needed totransfer crude biodiesel to thetransfer crude biodiesel to thewash stagewash stage


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The biodieselThe biodiesel

reactionreactionOil and methanol areOil and methanol aremixed in the presence of amixed in the presence of a

catalyst NaOH or KOH.catalyst NaOH or KOH.

100 Gallons of oil100 Gallons of oil

produces 80 gallons ofproduces 80 gallons of

biodiesel and 25 gallons ofbiodiesel and 25 gallons of

glycerin.glycerin.

Glycerin can be disposedGlycerin can be disposed

of as biodegradableof as biodegradable

waste, used as soap, orwaste, used as soap, or

refined into pure glycerin.refined into pure glycerin.


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The biodieselThe biodiesel

reactionreaction


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Stage 3: Washing and drying theStage 3: Washing and drying the

BiodieselBiodiesel

Washing biodiesel involves the

removal of chemical impurities and

soaps created in the production

process, that would cause harm to

a vehicle engine. Washing involves

mixing water with the crudebiodiesel

Drying biodiesel requires the

removal of water, via heat or

settling, from the biodiesel after ithas been washed.

There is new technology now, that

does allow for cleaning biodiesel

without the use of water.


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biodiesel cont.biodiesel cont.


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biodiesel cont.biodiesel cont.

You will need:You will need:

Thorough mixing ofThorough mixing ofbiodiesel and water viabiodiesel and water viapumps or mixerspumps or mixers

Application of heat forApplication of heat fordrying, to remove moisturedrying, to remove moisturefrom biodiesel afterfrom biodiesel afterwashingwashing

Good drainageGood drainage

Plumbing to transfer fromPlumbing to transfer fromwashing to storagewashing to storage


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Economics ofEconomics of

biodieselbiodieselInputsInputs

SupplySupply

DemandDemand

Niche MarketNiche Market

ExpensesExpenses

RevenuesRevenues

Pricing structurePricing structure

Business structureBusiness structure

FundingFunding

R t i lR t


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Raw materialRaw mater ainputsinputsSecuring raw materialsSecuring raw materials

Vege oil collectionVege oil collectionFree?Free?

Shared?Shared?

StrategicStrategicpartnerships withpartnerships withsuppliers? Friends?suppliers? Friends?Communities?Communities?

Chemical importationChemical importationcostscosts

Shared?Shared?

Bulk?Bulk?

Alternatives?Alternatives?

Concessions andConcessions andincentives from Gov.incentives from Gov.


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Your expensesYour expenses ElectricityElectricity

Used mainly to heat oil and biodiesel, and power pumpsUsed mainly to heat oil and biodiesel, and power pumps

Conventional?Conventional?

Alternatives?Alternatives?

WaterWater

Mainly for cleaning up biodieselMainly for cleaning up biodiesel

Cleaning your water is a huge plus, even if it was originally free.Cleaning your water is a huge plus, even if it was originally free.

Human labourHuman labour

Collecting oilCollecting oil

Processing biodieselProcessing biodiesel

Sales and marketingSales and marketing

Admin.Admin.

FuelFuel

Energy is also used in the vehicle to collect oil and drop offEnergy is also used in the vehicle to collect oil and drop offbiodieselbiodiesel

Where can you save?Where can you save?


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Your revenuesYour revenues

Developing the byproduct, glycerinDeveloping the byproduct, glycerin

Unique opportunities exist in Dominica toUnique opportunities exist in Dominica todevelop assisting technologiesdevelop assisting technologies

Coconut drying technologyCoconut drying technologyWater harvestersWater harvesters

Coconut oil businesses specifically for biodieselCoconut oil businesses specifically for biodiesel

How you generate income can influence yourHow you generate income can influence yourpricing structure, how you promote the fuelpricing structure, how you promote the fuel

and your business philosophy.and your business philosophy.


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Why supportWhy support

biodiesel?biodiesel?Biodiesel is produced primarily with local materials,Biodiesel is produced primarily with local materials,significantly reducing foreign exchange expendituresignificantly reducing foreign exchange expenditure

Reduced vulnerability to external fluctuations in fuelReduced vulnerability to external fluctuations in fuelprices.prices.

Improves Barbados image as an eco destination.Improves Barbados image as an eco destination.

Provides a solution to current waste disposal problems andProvides a solution to current waste disposal problems andreduces costs incurred through disposal.reduces costs incurred through disposal.

Health/environmental benefits due to use of the fuel.Health/environmental benefits due to use of the fuel.

Significant savings in health care costsSignificant savings in health care costs

Job creation.Job creation.

Establishes linkages to agriculture that might help solidifyEstablishes linkages to agriculture that might help solidifynew avenues for the sectornew avenues for the sector

Can take Barbados steps ahead to true sustainableCan take Barbados steps ahead to true sustainabledevelopmentdevelopment


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Benefits ofBenefits of

biodieselbiodieselHealth/EnvironmentHealth/EnvironmentReduction of carbon dioxide emissions (CO2) by 100%Reduction of carbon dioxide emissions (CO2) by 100%

Reduction of sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions by 100%Reduction of sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions by 100%

Reduction of soot emissions by 40-60%Reduction of soot emissions by 40-60%

Reduction of carbon monoxide (CO) emissions by 10-Reduction of carbon monoxide (CO) emissions by 10-50%50%

Reduction of hydrocarbon (HC) emissions by 10-50%Reduction of hydrocarbon (HC) emissions by 10-50%

Reduction of all polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbonsReduction of all polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) and specifically the reduction of the following(PAHs) and specifically the reduction of the followingcarcinogenic PAHs:carcinogenic PAHs:Reduction of phenanthren by 97%Reduction of phenanthren by 97%Reduction of benzofloroanthen by 56%Reduction of benzofloroanthen by 56%Reduction of benzapyren by 71%Reduction of benzapyren by 71%Reduction of aldehydes and aromatic compounds byReduction of aldehydes and aromatic compounds by13%13%

Reduction or increase in nitrous oxide (NOx) emissionsReduction or increase in nitrous oxide (NOx) emissionsby 5-10% depending on the age and type of engine.by 5-10% depending on the age and type of engine.



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Benefits ofBenefits ofbiodiesel.biodiesel.

Biodiesel runs in any conventional, unmodified diesel engine.Biodiesel runs in any conventional, unmodified diesel engine.In other words, you just pour it into the fuel tank.In other words, you just pour it into the fuel tank.

Biodiesel can be stored anywhere that petroleum diesel fuelBiodiesel can be stored anywhere that petroleum diesel fuelis stored.is stored.

Biodiesel can be used alone or mixed in any amount withBiodiesel can be used alone or mixed in any amount with

petroleum diesel fuel.petroleum diesel fuel.

Biodiesel is more lubricating than diesel fuel. Its higherBiodiesel is more lubricating than diesel fuel. Its higherlubricity enhances the lifetime of the engine.lubricity enhances the lifetime of the engine.


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biodieselbiodieselBiodiesel is safe to handle because it isBiodiesel is safe to handle because it isbiodegradable and non-toxic. According to thebiodegradable and non-toxic. According to theNational Biodiesel Board, neat biodiesel is asNational Biodiesel Board, neat biodiesel is asbiodegradable as sugar and less toxic than salt.biodegradable as sugar and less toxic than salt.

Biodiesel is safe to transport. Biodiesel has a highBiodiesel is safe to transport. Biodiesel has a highflash point, or ignition temperature, of about 300flash point, or ignition temperature, of about 300

deg. F compared to petroleum diesel fuel, which hasdeg. F compared to petroleum diesel fuel, which hasa flash point of 125 deg. F.a flash point of 125 deg. F.

Engines running on biodiesel run normally and haveEngines running on biodiesel run normally and havesimilar fuel mileage to engines running on dieselsimilar fuel mileage to engines running on dieselfuel. Auto ignition, fuel consumption, power output,fuel. Auto ignition, fuel consumption, power output,and engine torque are relatively unaffected byand engine torque are relatively unaffected bybiodiesel.biodiesel.

When burned in an engine, the exhaust fumes haveWhen burned in an engine, the exhaust fumes havethe pleasant aroma of popcorn or French fries.the pleasant aroma of popcorn or French fries.


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Starting up inStarting up in

DominicaDominica Consider starting as aConsider starting as a

group. Discuss fundinggroup. Discuss fundingoptions, businessoptions, businessstructure etc.structure etc.

Seek affordable groupSeek affordable grouptrainingtraining

Consider collecting rawConsider collecting rawmaterial. It might bematerial. It might bewiser to begin collectingwiser to begin collectingearly.early.

Get the materials youGet the materials youhave to purchase, in bulkhave to purchase, in bulk

Discuss how much youDiscuss how much youwant to produce and startwant to produce and startfor yourselves first.for yourselves first.


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ReferencesReferences

http://www.journeytoforever.orghttp://www.journeytoforever.org

http://www.biofuels.coop/http://www.biofuels.coop/
http://www.journeytoforever.org/http://www.journeytoforever.org/http://www.journeytoforever.org/


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