Domestic UF System for

Rural Use with

Arsenic & Iron Removal Capability

- Pradip Lalla

Domestic Ultra Filtration SystemDeveloped and Patented by

Bhabha Atomic Research Centre

Dept of Atomic Energy, Govt. of India

Effective

Easy to operate & maintain

Economical

Delivers crystal clear water

Costs less than Rs. 1($ 0.02) per day per family

Comparison between different UF systemsJaltara Hollow Fiber Membrane Spiral Wound Cartridge

Dead End Device Cross Flow Device Cross Flow Device

No rejection of water Wastage of water Wastage of water

Economical Comparatively Costly Comparatively Costly

Cleaning is Physical and simple System Based, either through back wash or reject flow

Low Flux Very High Flux High Flux

• Indian population : 1.1 billion

• Absence of 24 hrs direct pipe supply

• Water is stored at Point of Use :

• Overhead Tanks

• Underground Tanks

• Loft Tanks

• Drums

• Kitchen Vessels

In spite of processing the raw water, contamination takes place at the

storage point & when the pipe is depressurized

Point of Use FiltersMuslin Cloth

Boiling the water

Ceramic candles

UV

Iodinated Resins

Slow release Chlorine

Nano Silver

BARC Technology UF System

Polysulfone Membrane Plastic Housing

Online system requiring 0.3 bar pressure

FeaturesRemoves suspended solids and

bacteriological contaminationCrystal clear waterPolishes the water to a sparkling cleanNo electricity/chemicalsEasy maintenance, empowers and

satisfies end-user

Access to membrane being straightforward

Maintenance is easyHomemaker is taught to clean and

maintain system

Installation in an Adivasi/Tribal Home

“JALTARA” water

purification unit.

Hand Pump

Handi with input water

Purified water

collection jar

Installation in an Adivasi/Tribal Home

Costing

Membrane Candle – Rs 150 ($3.50)Filter Housing – Rs 200 ($4.75)Pipes and AccessoriesJerry can with Float Valve for Collection-

Rs 250 ($5.70)Life of Membrane Candle 2- 3 yearsCost to family per day for water – less

than Rs 1 ($0.02)

Jaltara Single Unit•Flux/ Flow Rate of 3-6 Liters per hour

Jerry Can with Float Valve•Used for Collection of Water without the need for stopping the inlet source

Jaltara Double and Triple Unit•Flux/ Flow Rate Enhanced by connecting two and three membranes in parallel

Jaltara Deluxe Model•Flux/ Flow Rate Enhanced by connecting two and three membranes in parallel

Unit at Elephanta Caves

Unit at Adivasi School

Raw Water Three Meters Height

Purification Collection Use

For Regular Use

For Iron Removal

Raw WaterThree Meters Height

Purification

UseAeration Collection

For Arsenic Removal

Raw WaterThree Meters Height

Purification

UseReaction Chamber

Collection

Comparison Chart  Boiling Jaltara Ceramic Filter Pots UV Reverse Osmosis

Capital Cost Nil Moderate Low High Extremely High

Protection From BacteriaGood if Kept Boiling for 20

MinutesVery Good : Removes Even

Dead BacteriaLow (The Candle is an Excellent

Source for Bacterial Growth

Good (Only if proper flow rate and desired maintenance is

observed)Very Good

Removal of Suspended Particles

Marginal (due to settling when water is cooled)

0.01 Filtration Water is Crystal Clear

40 Filtration 5 Filtration 0.0001 Filtration,Water is Crystal Clear

Water Wastage 30% due to evaporation Nil Nil Nil 60%

Time Taken for Purifying 30 Litres

50 Minutes 15 Hours 15 Hours 30 Minutes 2 Hours

Energy Requirement HeatTap Water Pressure (>.03

Bars) Gravity Electricity

Electricity and Very High Pressure (6 Bars)

Maintenance NilCandle Cleaning About Once

Every FortnightCandle Cleaning and Boiling (About

once a week)Skilled Technician Required Skilled Technician Required

Annual Running Cost Daily Cost of FuelCandle Change (About Rs.

350 Annualised)Candle Change (About Rs. 75)

Maintenance Contract (Rs. 750 for Candle and Carbon Change)

Maintenance Contract (About Rs. 4000)

Other Tedious ProcessCandle Must Not be

Scratched or Allowed to DryBacteria Removal Efficiency is

Doubtful

Quartz Glass and UV Lamp Maintenance is Usually

Neglected Due to High Costs

Essential Minerals are Also Removed from the Water, Causes Leaching of

Minerals from the Human Body

AkrutiAdvanced Knowledge for RUral Technology Implementation

NGO working in rural areas for transfer of technology developed at the BARC

“Rural Technopreneurship”Promote this product by Educating,

Assembling, Installing and Creating self help groups with local employment opportunities

Incubated in about ten areas of rural Maharashtra, to be spread throughout the country

ConclusionSustainable, Innovative Technology

Thank You!