12/15/13 Dog whistle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dog_whistle 1/2

Dog whistleFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

A dog whistle (also known as silent whistle or Galton's whistle) is a type ofwhistle that emits sound in the ultrasonic range, which people cannot hear butother animals can, including dogs and domestic cats, and is used in their training.It was invented in 1876 by Francis Galton and is mentioned in his book Inquiries

into Human Faculty and its Development,[1] in which he describesexperiments to test the range of frequencies that could be heard by variousanimals, such as a house cat.

The range of human hearing is typically considered to be between 20 Hz and

20 kHz.[2] The top end of a dog's hearing range is about 45 kHz, while a cat's is

64 kHz.[3][4] It is thought that the wild ancestors of cats and dogs evolved thishigher hearing range in order to hear high frequency sounds made by their

preferred prey, small rodents.[3] The frequency of most dog whistles is within the

range of 23 to 54 kHz,[5] so they are above the range of human hearing, althoughsome are adjustable down into the audible range.

To human ears, a dog whistle makes only a quiet hissing sound. The advantage of the dog whistle is that itdoesn't produce a loud irritating noise for humans that a normal whistle would produce, so it can be used to trainor command animals without disturbing nearby people. Some dog whistles have adjustable sliders for activecontrol of the frequency produced. Trainers may use the whistle simply to gather a dog's attention, or to inflictpain for the purpose of behaviour modification.

In addition to lung-powered whistles, the term dog whistle is also used for electronic dog training devices that

emit ultrasonic sound via piezoelectric emitters.[3] The electronic variety are sometimes coupled with barkdetection circuits in an effort to curb barking behaviour.

This kind of whistle can also be used to determine the hearing range for people and for physics demonstrations

requiring ultrasonic sounds.[citation needed]

References

1. ^ Galton, Francis (1883). Inquiries into Human Faculty and its Development(http://www.galton.org/books/human-faculty/index.html), p. 26-27

2. ^ "Frequency Range of Human Hearing" (http://hypertextbook.com/facts/2003/ChrisDAmbrose.shtml). ThePhysics Factbook.

3. ̂a b c Krantz, Les (2009). Power of the Dog: Things Your Dog Can Do That You Can't(http://books.google.com/books?id=0l6jeMrA184C&pg=PA36&lpg=PA36&dq=%22dog+whistle%22+frequency&source=bl&ots=M3OiVHmDNU&sig=qz5dsMYy895Ja9dAwkNEHmGrA4I&hl=en&sa=X&ei=qsQKUIjyD8fOqgHUouTKCg&ved=0CGAQ6AEwBzgK#v=onepage&q=%22dog%20whistle%22%20frequency&f=false). MacMillan. pp. 35–37.ISBN 0312567227.

4. ^ Strain, George M. (2010). "How Well Do Dogs and Other Animals Hear?"(http://www.lsu.edu/deafness/HearingRange.html). Prof. Strain's website(http://www.lsu.edu/deafness/deaf.htm) . School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University. RetrievedJuly 21, 2012.

5. ^ Caroline Coile, D.; Bonham, Margaret H. (2008), "Why Do Dogs Like Balls?: More Than 200 Canine Quirks,Curiosities, and Conundrums Revealed" (http://books.google.com/books?id=uqe_I8Q83yAC&lpg=PA116&dq=dog%20whistle%20frequency&pg=PA116#v=onepage&q=dog%20whistl

12/15/13 Dog whistle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dog_whistle 2/2

e%20frequency&f=false), Sterling Publishing Company, Inc: 116, retrieved 2011-08-07

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