DOE Transmission Reliability Program Peer Review WAMS Outreach Projects in FY03 John F. Hauer...

DOE Transmission Reliability ProgramPeer Review

WAMS Outreach Projects

in FY03John F. Hauer

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

Richland, WA 99352

Prepared for the Transmission Reliability Program – 2004 Program Peer Review, January 27-29, 2004, Washington, D.C.

Organization of WAMS Outreach Presentations

• Overview of WAMS Outreach activities

• WAMS Outreach Projects:

– Controller Certification Tools

– WAMS Outreach–Sharing Knowledge & Technology Assistance in WAMS startup operations

Application of WAMS technologies

(system tests, disturbance analysis)

Validation of system dynamic performance

PMU evaluation & standards

– WECC Model Validation

Challenge: Transmission Reliability During the Transition to Open Markets in Electrical Energy

Federal Utilities

• "Lead by example"

• Share special technologies & expertise with other utilities

• Support the public good

National Laboratories

• Consolidate and share special knowledge and expertise relating to electrical systems

• Consolidate, adapt, and share Federally owned technologies for electrical system use

• Track, assess, and report emerging needs in reliability assurance

Strategic Objectives in the WAMS Effort:Reinforcing the Grid Management Process

• Determine information needs of the new power system– Control & protection– Planning & operations– Reliability management & workflow coordination

• Facilitate development of information resources– Value based development & deployment of technology– Demonstration & refinement of investment value– Maintaining necessary collaborations among stakeholders

• Promote & support sound engineering practice– Effective but prudent use of automatic control– Comprehensive methods for planning & operations– Functionalities & infrastructure for reliability management

DOE/CERTS WAMS Outreach FY2003:Core Projects and External Linkages

Primary Elements:

• Dissemination of Knowledge and Technology for Measurement-Based Reliability Management

• Assist in validation of System Dynamic Performance & Modeling

• Certification tools for large scale damping controllers

Utility Linkages:

• Federal Utilities: BPA, Western, USBR

• WSCC utilities & technical bodies:– Disturbance Monitoring Work Group (DMWG)– Modeling & Validation Work Group (M&VWG)

• Eastern Interconnection utilities & technical bodies:NERC, ISOs, WAMS facility owners (AEP, Ameren, Entergy,TVA,

etc)

Other Linkages: Vendors, professional groups, universities

DOE/CERTS WAMS Outreach FY2003: Related CERTS Projects & Activities

• Roadmap for Real-Time Control Concepts

• Framework for Real-Time Grid Data Archive and Analysis

• Control Schemes for Real-Time Control

• Eastern Interconnection Phasor Demonstration Project (EIPP)

• Analysis support for U.S.-Canada Blackout of August 14, 2003 [A,B]

[A] "Performance of 'WAMS East' in Providing Dynamic Information for the North East Blackout of August 14, 2003", J. F. Hauer, Navin Bhatt, Kirit Shah, and Sharma Kolluri. Accepted as an invited paper for IEEE/PES Panel on Major Grid Blackouts of 2003 in North America and Europe, IEEE PES General Meeting, Denver, CO, June 6-12, 2004.

[B] "Data Management Issues Associated with the August 14, 2003 Blackout Investigation", J. E. Dagle. Accepted as an invited paper for IEEE/PES Panel on Major Grid Blackouts of 2003 in North America and Europe, IEEE PES General Meeting, Denver, CO, June 6-12, 2004.

WAMS Technology Targets for "WAMS East"

• Extend IEEE SynchroPhasor standard1 to include

– major control systems, especial HVDC and FACTS

– generation projects that are critical to power system performance

– critically placed relays

– high level SCADA

• Adapt WAMS technology and operating experience to needs of the eastern interconnection:

– lower data rates for flowgate monitoring

– technology deployment strategies adjusted to information needs and legacy equipment in the eastern interconnection

1 "IEEE Standard for Synchrophasors for Power Systems," K. E. Martin et al., IEEE Trans. Power Delivery,

Vol. 13 Issue 1 , pp. 73 -77, Jan. 1998.

Good Information: The key to managing complexity

Data generationenvironments

Planningenvironments

Operationalenvironments

modeled response

Power System Monitors(PSMs)

Power SystemModeling

Codes

Central DataSystems Planning

&

Analysis

Real TimeOperations

MethodsDevelopment

tools & practices

information

modeled response

Power System Monitors(PSMs)

Power SystemModeling

Codes

Central DataSystems

Central DataSystems Planning

&

Analysis

Real TimeOperations

MethodsDevelopment

MethodsDevelopment

tools & practices

information

Validation of System Performance & Modeling

Measurement process:

Determine actual system performance from tests or disturbances. This is an ongoing effort.

Calibration process:

Compare model against system. May require a wide range of time/frequency tools plus expertise in the mathematics of dynamic systems.

Adjust model to improve comparison. Presently an art that requires expert knowledge of planning practices. (Some automation may be feasible. )

Uncertainty Modeling:

Over time, determine & characterize errors in predictive modeling. This too is an ongoing effort.

Wide Area Control:A definitive sufficiency test of grid management

resources

DOE Transmission Reliability ProgramPeer Review

WAMS Outreach Project:

Controller Certification ToolsJohn F. Hauer

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

Richland, WA 99352

Prepared for the Transmission Reliability Program – 2004 Program Peer Review, January 27-29, 2004, Washington, D.C.

Project: Controller Certification Tools

Objectives:

1. Extend phasor network technology to incorporate controller information.

2. Extend probing signal technology for non-intrusive testing of controller effects across the power system.

3. Develop the Pacific HVDC Intertie as a general testbed for concepts and methodology associated with large scale FACTS control.

4. Report findings for inclusion in WECC/NERC/IEEE recommended practices for the design, certification, and operation of major control systems.


Milestones: (established prior to August 14 Blackout)

1. Continued refinement of Phase #1 instrumentation for low level probing (in progress)

2. BPA/PNNL report on mid-level tests of summer 2003 (October 2003)

3. Low-level tests with random noise (October-December 2003)

4. Draft report on test objectives, procedures, and supporting technologies (January 2004)


Progress in FY03:

1. Extensive mid-level tests have been performed during summer 2003, to assess and track system damping.

2. Results are under review as a guide to pending low-level tests, which are more general but more demanding.

3. High speed analog monitors have been enhanced for this application, and extended PMU technologies are under development to replace them.

4. An extended synchrophasor standard to support this is nearly final.

5. A great deal of analytical work has been performed but not formally reported.

General Structure of Power System Disturbance Controls

POWER SYSTEM

DISTURBANCES

switched gen

switched load

POWER

SYSTEM

DYNAMICS

FEEDBACK

CONTROLS

gen

Ufb

FEEDFORWARD

CONTROLS

+

–

load

P

y

High level response-based control

Structural changes

Structural changes

WAMS & FACTS: A Perspective on Robustness

• Functional reliability for control systems is far more complex than for new construction.

• Good design is important, but good operating practice is critical.

• Operational robustness for large scale control requires– design and certification procedures based

upon directly measured system dynamics

– assured resources for the prompt detection,

analysis, and correction of anomalous controller effects

FACTS: The Key is Infrastructure!

Wide area control requires wide area information — at all — at all

stages of the engineering stages of the engineering process.process.

Real-Time Applications for Phase Angle Measurements

• Basis for high quality bus frequency signals

• Validation of system dynamic performance

• Angle-assisted state estimation

• System restoration

• Operator alerts for high-stress operating conditions

• Arming of special stability controls

• Supervision of fast stability controls

• Real-time powerflow control (e.g., phase shifters, slow TCSC)

• Modulation inputs for “bang-bang” stability controls (e.g., phase-plane controllers)

• Modulation inputs to other controller types? PERHAPS!

Startup Signature for 0.584 Hz Oscillations on June 4, 2003

Summary Plot For 030604OSC_BPA&BCH&Alberta

030604OSC_BPA&BCH&Alberta 06/10/03_12:59:53

59.95

60

59.95

60

580 590 600 610 620 630 64059.95

60

Time in Seconds since 04-Jun-2003 11:15:00.900

Frequency in British Columbia

Frequency in Eastern Montana

Frequency in Alberta

Spectrum Waterfall plot for NW Oscillations on June 4, 2003

0

0.5

1

1.5 0

1000

2000

3000

0

5

10

15

Time in Seconds since04-Jun-2003 11:15:00.900

WSN1 5L1 Williston Voltage DeOsc FreqL LcaseID=030604OSC_BPA&BCH&AlbertaBP casetime=06/10/03_12:59:53

Frequency in Hertz

Sca

lar

Aut

ospe

ctru

m:

WF

mod

e 3

DC Quantities

LocalGeneration

PSG

Playback1

EXTERNAL

POWER

SYSTEM

1GPS timing desirable2Presently 30 sps 3Initially 30-60 sps, future 120-600 sps

CeliloConverter

AC Quantities

Low Speed StreamReaders

& Analyzers

Probing Signal Monitor

High Speed3 PMU/PDC

High Speed StreamReader

& Analyzer

Low speed link

ConverterControls

Low Speed2 PMU/PDCNetwork

Equipment for AC/DC Monitoring & Controller Certification Tests

Key response signals for probe insertions on August 7, 2003

Summary Plot For 030807ProbeA_BPAB Swings

030807ProbeA_BPAB 08/11/03_10:54:18

-100

0

100

-50

0

50

-20

0

20

-20

0

20

360 370 380 390 400 410 420 430 440 450 460-50

0

50

Time in Seconds since 07-Aug-2003 18:15:00.000

MALN-Round Mountain 1 MW

SCE Vincent-Midway 1 MW

SCE Devers-Palo_Verde MW

COLS-Broadview 1 & 2 MW

BE23-Celilo 3 Current MW

(mid-level probing signal)

The Western Power System: A challenge in dynamic complexity

DOE Transmission Reliability Program Peer Review WAMS Outreach Projects in FY03 John F. Hauer...

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