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JurnalInternasionalBereputasi-People'sBehaviorinMaintainingResidental...
Eco.Env.&Cons.22(1):2016;pp.(441-450)Copyright©
EMInternationalISSN0971-765X
People'sbehaviorinmaintainingresidentalenvironment
andsomefactorsaffectingintheWalenaewatershedof
southSulawesiprovince,Indonesia
BakhraniRauf
StateUniversityofMakassar,Indonesia
(Received7October,2015;accepted12December,2015)
ABSTRACT
Thisstudyaimstodetermine:(a)thebehaviorofthe
environmentalmaintenance,environmentalknowledge,
attitudestowardstheenvironment,andmotivationof
communityinmaintainWalenaeWatershedofSouth
SulawesiProvince;(b)theeffectofenvironmental
knowledge,attitudestowardstheenvironment,and
motivationtomaintainanenvironmentbothindividually
andsimultaneouslytowardthepublicbehaviortomaintain
theneighborhoodsoftheWalenaewatershed.The
independentvariablesare:(a)knowledgeofthe
environment(XI),theattitudetowardstheenvironment
(X2),andthemotivationtomaintainanenvironment(X3).
Thedependentvariableisthebehaviorofthe
environmentalmaintenance(Y).Thestudylocationisin
theWalenaewatershednamelySoppeng,Wajo,andBone
District.Theresearchareasselectedbypurposivesampling
consistofonevillageofeachdistrictneartheWalenae
watershed.Atotalof200householdsasrespondentswhich
wereselectedbysystematicrandomsamplingofthethree
sampleareas.Datawereanalizedbydescriptiveand
inferentialstatistical.Inferentialanalysisareasimpleand
multipleregression.Theresultsshowedthatallofvariables
areinmoderatecategory.Environmentalknowledge(XI),
theattitudetowardstheenvironment(X2),andthe
motivationtomaintainanenvironment(X3)givethe
positiveeffectandsignificantcontributioncither
individuallyorsimultaneouslyonthepeople'sbehaviorto
maintaintheenvironment(Y)intheWalenaewatershedof
Grammarly GrammarlyReportgeneratedonThursday,Feb1,2018,6:18AM Page3of28
SouthSulawesiProvince.
Keywords:Behavior,Environmentalknowledge,
Environmentalattitudes,Motivationtomaintainthe
environment.
Introduction
TheLawofRepublicofIndonesiaNumber32,2009about
theProtectionandManagementoftheenvi¬ronmentstated
thatthereneedstobethesystematicandintegratedeffortto
preservethefunctionoftheenvironmentandtopreventthe
pollutionortheen¬vironmentaldamagewhichincludes
planning,uti¬lization,control,maintenance,monitoring,
andlawenforcement.TheLawoftheEnvironmentalMan-
agementespeciallyinthearticle3statesthattheen-
vironmentalmanagementorganizedbytheprin¬cipleof
responsibility,sustainability,andbenefitwithaimsto
realizetheprincipleofsustainablede¬velopmentinorder
tobuildacompleteIndonesianhumanandthedevelopment
ofIndonesiansocietythatfaithfulanddevotedtoGod
Almighty.Salim(1985)statesthatdevelopmentisa
continuouspro¬cessandcontinuousimpactonthe
populationandtheenvironment,thereforeitisnecessary
hannonybetweenpopulationdevelopmentand
environmen-taldevelopmentinordertocreatethe
conducive
Correspondingauthor'semail:
[email protected](BakhraniRauf,State
UniversityofMakassar,Indonesia)
442
Eco.Env.&Cons.22(1):2016
conditionstothesustainabledevelopmentprocess.
Tukiyat(2009)statesthatthebehaviorisaresultofone's
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actionswhicharecontinuousandhavecon¬tinuoustrend
thatismadeonthesituationandtheconditions
encountered.HunggerfortandVolk(1990)statesthat
behaviorisinfluencedbyseveralfactors,namely:(a),
knowledgeoftheenvironment,(b)attitude,(c)motivation,
(d)socio-economicfac¬torsandsoforth.Kolmussand
Agyemen(2002)thatpromotedpro-environmental
behaviorisinfluencedbytheattitudeoftheenvironment,
whileenviron¬mentalattitudesareinfluencedby
environmentalknowledge.QuinnandBurbach(2008)
suggestedthatenvironmentalattitudesposisitifassociated
withfavorableenvironmentalbehavior.Pruneau,etal.
(2003)suggestedthatpeoplehavegoodinforma¬tion,they
willbecomemoreawareofenvironmentalissuesand
consequentlymoremotivatedtoactre¬sponsiblytowards
theenvironment.Winardi(2011)explainsthatingeneral
thebehaviormotivatedtoachievecertaingoals.Herath
(2010)suggestedthatintrinsicandextrinsicmotivation
reinforceattitudesonbehavior.FurthermoreSarwono
(1992)statesthathumannatureiscapableoflearningfrom
experi¬enceandthereforechangesinhumanbehaviorcan
onlybedonegraduallyinaccordancewiththenew
environment.
Settlementsorhousingisabasicneedofhumantherefore
housingisthemostimportantaspectofhumanlifeto
continueitsactivitiesfarfuture.Theresidential
environmentinwhichtherearemanyhousingaswellasin
Walenaewatershedwhichisthebuiltenvironmentofthe
communitieslivinginthatplace.SettlementsinWalenae
watershedcon¬sistsofseveraldistricts,namely:Soppeng,
Wajo,andBoneCounty.
AsurveyoftheWalenaewatershedsettlementinSouth
SulawesiProvinceatJanuary2014,foundthat:(a)
householdwasteinanurbanenvironmenthasnotbeen
fullyhandledproperly,(b)Drainagesettlementhasnot
beenfunctioningasexpectedbytheperinsip-perinsipof
environmentalsustainability.Itwasprobablycausedbythe
behav¬iorofcommunityinmaintainthesustainableurban
environmentstilllow.
Basedondiscussionswithsomepublicfiguresshowthat:
(1)Manyresidentslackofattentiontowastemanagement,
Grammarly GrammarlyReportgeneratedonThursday,Feb1,2018,6:18AM Page5of28
(b)thebehaviortomaintainthesettlementdrainageisstill
farfromwhatisexpectedbythecreationofacomfortable
environmentfarfuture.Possiblecausesare:(a)Lackof
knowledge
aboutenvironment,(b)thepublic'sattitudetowardthe
residentialenvironmentlesspositive,(c)motiva¬tionto
maintainneighborhoodsisstilllow.
Theproblemofthisstudyare:(a)Howdoesthebehavior
ofcommunitiestomaitaintheenviron¬ment,
environmentalknowledge,attitudestowardsthe
environment,andmotivationtomaintaintheWalenae
watershedinSouthSulawesiProvince?,(b)Isthe
environmentalknowledge,attitudestowardsthe
environmentandmotivationtopreservetheen¬vironment,
eitherindividuallyandaffecttothepeople'sbehaviorto
maintaintheenvironmentintheWalenaewatershedof
SouthSulawesiProv¬ince?.Thusthepurposeofthis
researchare:(a)Todeterminethepeople'sbehaviorto
maintaintheen¬vironment,environmentalknowledge,
attitudesto¬wardstheenvironment,andmotivationto
maintainWalenaewatershedinSouthSulawesiProvince,
(b)Todeterminetheinfluenceofenvironmental
knowl¬edge,attitudestowardstheenvironmentand
moti¬vationtomaintainenvironment,eitherindividually
orsimultaneouslytotirepeople'sbehaviortomain¬tainthe
environmentinWalenaewatershedofSouthSulawesi
Province.
MaterialsandMethod
Basedonthescope,Thisresearchcategorizedassur¬vey,
basedontireavailabilityofdataintirefield,thisstudy
classifiedasexposefactoandbasedondataanalysis,this
researchcategorizedascorrelationalresearch.Thestudy
areaisaWalenaewatershedinSouthSulawesiProvince
whichincludesSoppeng,WajoandBonedistrict.Each
districtselectedonevillagebypurposivesamplingmethod
thatvillagenearthewatershedWalenae.Respondents
studyof200householdswereselectedbysystematic
randomsamplingmethodofthethreesampleareas.The
in¬dependentvariablesinthisstudyare:(a)knowledgeof
theenvironment(XI),(b)attitudetowardstheenvironment
Grammarly GrammarlyReportgeneratedonThursday,Feb1,2018,6:18AM Page6of28
(X2),and(3)themotivationtomain¬taintheenvironment
(X3).Whilethedependentvariableisthepeople'sbehavior
tomaintainneigh¬borhoods(Y).Theinfluenceof
independentvari¬ablestothedependentvariableare
presentedinFig.1.
Theinstrumentsusedtocollectdataare:(a)pro¬videatest
ofknowledge,(b)provideaquestionnaireofattitude,(c)
provideaquestionnaireofmotiva¬tion,(d)providea
questionnaireofbehavior.,TheDatawereanalyzedby
deskereptiveandinferential
BAKHRANIRAUF
443
Fig.1.Theinfluenceofindependentvariablestothede-
pendentvariableCaption:
Y=Thepeople'sbehaviortomaintainneighborhoodsXI=
environmentalknowledgeX2=attitudetowardthe
environmentX3=Motivationtomaintainenvironment
statistical.Theanalysismodelisasimpleandmul¬tiple
regression.
ResultsandDiscussion
DescriptionofThepeople'sbehaviortomaintainthe
neighborhoods
Todeterminethelevelofpeople'sbehaviorinenvi-
ronmentalmanagementinthewatershedWalenaeSouth
SulawesiProvince;thenthefollowingarepre¬sentedthe
resultsofdescriptivestatisticalanalysis(frequency
distribution)inTable1.
Table1.Resultsofdescriptivestatisticalanalysisofthe
People'sbehaviortomanintaintheneighbor¬hoods
Basedontheanalysisresultsobtainedanaveragescoreof
45.54from14itemsofstatementsaboutthepeople's
behaviortomaintaintheneighborhoods,wherethevalue
(score)thestatementis1-5.Theminimumscoresoffield
dataof20.00andmaxi¬mumscoreof70.00.Todetermine
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thelevelofthepeople'sbehaviortomaintaintire
neighborhoodsintheWalenaewatershedofSouth
SulawesiProvince;thenthefollowingarcpresentedthe
resultsofde¬scriptivestatisticalanalysis(frequency
distribution)inTable2.
BasedonthefrequencydistributioninTable2obtaineda
scoreof36.6to47.8inmoderatecategory.Whilethe
resultsofthedeskreptivestatisticalanaly¬sis(Table1),the
averagewas45.54,thisscoreinmoderatecategory.
Therefore,itcanbeconcludedthattirepeople'sbehaviorto
maintaintheneighbor¬hoodsinthemoderatecategory.
Thepeopleshavedonebutinadequateenvironmental
managementonaspectsofmanagementofenvironmental,
drain¬agemaintenance,andmaintenanceofopenspace.
DescriptionofEnvironmentalKnowledge
TheenvironmentalknowledgeofsocietyintheWalenae
watershedofSouthSulawesiProvincewereanalyzed
descriptivelyanddisplayedinTable3.
Table3.Resultsofdescriptivestatisticalanalysisofenvi-
ronmentalknowledge
Statisticalvalue
NoIndexvalue
8,5516,003,003,13
1Average
2Maximum
3Minimum
4StandardDeviation
NoIndexvalue
1Average
2Maximum
3Minimum
4StandardDeviation
Statisticalvalue
45,5470,0020,0011,20
Basedontheanalysisresultsobtainedanaveragescoreof
8.55from17ofthequestionsabouttheen-vironment
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knowledge,wherethevalueofcorrectanswerofeach
questiongivenascoreof1andawronganswergivena
scoreof0.Theminimum
Table2.ThefrequencyDistributionofPeople'sBehavior
toMaintainNeighborhoods
No
Category
Score
Frequency
1VeryHight59,2-70,024
2Hight47,9-59,157
3Moderate36,6-47,888
4Low25,3-36,520
5VeryLow14,0-25,211
Total200100
Persentage(%)%cumulative
12,012,0
28,540,5
44,084,5
10,094,5
5,50100
444
Eco.Env.&Cons.22(1):2016
Table4.Frequencydistributionsoftheenvironmental
knowledge
NoCategoryScoreFrequencyPersentage(%)%
Cumulative
1VeryHight13,6-17,0157,57,5
2Hight10,2-13,5402027,5
3Moderate6,8-10,1SI40,567,5
4Low3,4-6,7603097,5
5VeryLow0,0-3,342100
Grammarly GrammarlyReportgeneratedonThursday,Feb1,2018,6:18AM Page9of28
Total60100
scoreis3.00andthemaximumscoreis16.00.To
determinetheleveloftheenvironmentalknowledgein
managementoftheWalenaewatershedofSouthSulawesi
Province;thenthefollowingwaspre¬sentedtheresultsof
descriptivestatisticalanalysis(frequencydistribution)in
Table4.
BasedonthefrequencydistributioninTable4obtaineda
scoreof6.8to10.1inmoderatecategory.Whiletheresults
ofthedeskreptivestatisticalanaly¬sis(Table3),the
averagescoreis8.55,thisscoreinmoderatecategory.
Therefore,itcanbeconcludedthattheenvironment
knowledgeofthecommunitiesinthecategorymoderate.
Thecommunitieshastheenvironmentknowledgebutnot
enoughtomanagetheresidentialneighborhoodasitshould
be.There¬foretheenvironmentknowledgeofcommunities
needstobecoupledthroughcounseling.
DescriptionofAttitudestotheEnvironment
PeopleattitudestowardtheenvironmentintheWalenae
watershedofSouthSulawesiProvincewereanalyzed
descriptivelyandpresentedinTable5.
Table5.Resultsofdescriptivestatisticalanalysisofthe
environmentalattitudes
Indexvalue
No
Statisticalvalue
1Average43,12
2Maximum66,00
3Minimum20,00
4StandardDeviation10,59
Basedontheanalysisresultsobtainedanaveragescoreof
43.12from14itemsofstatementsaboutat¬titudestowards
theenvironment,wherethescorethestatementis1-5.The
minimumandmaximumscoreis20.00and66.00
respectively.Todeterminethelevelofattitudetowardsthe
environmentintheWalenaewatershedofSouthSulawesi
Province-thenthefollowingwaspresentedtheresultsof
de¬scriptivestatisticalanalysis(frequencydistribution)in
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Table6.
BasedonthefrequencydistributioninTable6obtaineda
scoreof36.6to47.8inmoderatecategory.Whilethe
resultsofthestatisticalanalysisdeskreptif(Table5)the
averagevalueortheaveragescorewas43.12thisscorein
middlecategory.Therefore,itcanbeconcludedthatthe
communitiesattitudetowardstheenvironmentinthe
WalenaewatershedofSouthSulawesiProvincewas
moderatecategory.Thecom¬munitiestendenstohavea
positiveattitude,butstillneedstobestrengthened.
Therefore,toimproveattitudestobecamesmorepositive,
itisnecessarytoprivideguidancetopubliccontinuously.
DescriptionoftheMotivationtoMaintainEnvironment
Themotivationofpeopletomaintainanenviron¬mentin
watershedWalenacSouthSulawesiProv¬incewere
analyzeddescriptivelyandshowninTable7.
Basedontheanalysisresultsobtainedanaveragescoreof
40.04from14itemsstatementofmotivation
Table6.TheFrequencyDistributionoftheattitudetowards
theenvironment
No
Category
1VeryHight
2Hight
3Moderate
4Low
5VeryLow
Total
Frequency
Score
Persentage(%)%Cumulative
59,2-70241212
47,9-59,1261325
36,6-47,8944772
25,3-36,5422193
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14-25,2147100
200100
BAKHRANIRAUF
445
Table7.Resultsofdescriptivestatisticalanalysisofmo-
tivationtomaintainanenvironment
IndexValue
No
StatisticalValue
1Average40,04
2Maximum65,00
3Minimum21,00
4StandardDeviation10,59
tomaintainanenvironment,wherethescorethestatement
is1-5.Theminimumandamaximumscoreoffielddata
is21.00and67.00respectively.Todeterminethelevelof
motivationintheenviron¬mentalmanagementinthe
WalenaewatershedofSouthSulawesiProvince,the
followingarepre¬sentedtheresultsofdescriptive
statisticalanalysis(frequencydistribution)inTable8.
BasedonthefrequencydistributioninTable8obtaineda
scoreof36.6to47.8inmodecategory.Whiletheresultsof
thedeskreptivestatisticalanaly¬sis(Tabic7),theaverage
was40.04andthisscoreinmoderatecategory.Therefore,
itcanbeconcludedthatthecommunitiesmotivationto
maintainenvi¬ronmentinWalenaewatershedofSouth
Sulawesiprovincewasmoderatecategory.The
communities
havebothoftheintrinsicandextrinsicmotivation,butnot
enoughtomaintaintheenvironmentresidental.Therefore,
thismotivationneedstobeimprovedcontinuouslyby
meansofagoodoftheenvironmentpilot.
EffectofEnvironmentalKnowledge,Environ¬mental
AttitudeandMotivationtowardthePeople'sBehaviorto
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MaintainEnvironment
Todeterminetheinfluenceofenvironmentalknowl¬edge
(XI),environmentalattitudes(X2),motivationtopreserve
theenvironment(X3)bothofindividu¬allyand
simultaneouslytowardbehaviortomain¬tainthe
environmental(Y)intheWalenaewater¬shedofSouth
SulawesiProvince,thefollowingthepresentedresultsof
simpleandmultipleregressionanalysis(ANOVA)inTable
9.
BasedonTable9showsthattheSig.F=0.000<a=0.05
(forXIonY).Thisanalysisshowsthattheenvironmental
knowledgeaffectstothebehaviorofenvironmental
preservation.Sig.F=0.000<a=0.05(forX2onY).This
analysisshowsthattheattitudetowardstheenvironment
affectstothebehaviorofenvironmentalpreservation.Sig.
F=0.000<a=0.05
Table8.TheFrequencyDistributionofMotivationto
MaintainanEnvironment
NoCategoryScoreFrequencyPersentage(%)
%Cumulative
1VeryHight59,2-7031,513
2Hight47,9-59,14020213
3Moderate36,6-47,8783960,5
4Low25,3-36,56934,595
5VeryLow14-25,2105,0100
Total200100
Table9.Resultsofasimpleregressionanalysis(ANOVA)
XItoY,X2toYandX3toY,andmultipleregression
(ANOVA)ofXI,X2,X3towardY.'
Variables
Model
SumofSquares
Df
MeanSquare
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Sig-
X.toY
X,toY
X,toY
X1,X2fX,toY
Regression5127,66815127,668
Residual2658,06519845,829
Total7785,733199
Regression7548,25217548,252
Residual237,4811984,095
Total7785,733199
Regression7548,71523774,358
Residual237,0181974,158
Total7785,733199
Regression7548,71523774,358
Residual237,0181974,158
Total7785,733199
111,888
1843,507
907,687
907,687
,000b
,000b
,000b
,000''
446
Eco.Env.&Cons.22(1):2016
(forX3toY).Thisanalysisshowsthatthemotivationto
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maintainanenvironmentaffecttothebehaviorof
environmentalpreservation.Sig.F=0.000<a=0.05(for
XI,X2,X3onY).Thisanalysisshowsthatthe
environmentalknowledge,attitudestowardsthe
environment,andmotivationtomaintainanenvi¬ronment
simultanneouslyaffectstothepeople'sbe¬haviorto
managetheenvironmentintheWalenaewatershedof
SouthSulawesiProvince.
Tofindouthowlargetheinfluenceofeachde¬pendent
variablestowardthepeople'sbehaviortomaintain
environment,thenthefollowingispre¬sentedresultof
simpleandmultipleregressionanalysis(ModelSummary)
inTable10.
BasedonTable10showsthatthecorrelationco¬efficient
ofenvironmentalknowledge(XI)of0812.Thismeanthat
therelationshipbetweentheenvi¬ronmentalknowledge
withpeople'sbehaviortopreservetheenvironment(Y)in
WalenaewatershedofSouthSulawesiProvincerelatively
strong.Strongknowledgeofenvironmentcanbeusedto
predictthepeople'sbehaviorinmanagingtheenvironment.
Thecoefficientofdetermination(RSquare)of0.660.This
valueshowsthattheinfluenceofenvironmen¬tal
knowledgetowardthebehaviortomaintainthe
environmentby66%.Thereareinfluenceoftheother
variablesby44%notincludedintheanalysismodel.
AdjustedRSquare=0.630;Thisvalueshowsthatthenet
effectoftheenvironmentknowl¬edgetothebehaviorof
publictomaintaintheenvi-ronmentintheWalanae
watershedofSouthSulawesiProvinceby63%.
BasedonTable10showsthatthecorrelationco¬efficient
ofattitudetowardstheenvironment(X2)of0.985.This
valueshowsthattherelationshipbe¬tweenattitudestoward
theenvironmentwiththepeople'sbehaviortomaintain
environment(Y)inthewatershedWalenaeSouthSulawesi
Provinceasverystrong.Thatisaverystrongattitude
towardstheenvironmenttopredictthebehaviorofmanag-
ingtheenvironment.Thecoefficientofdetermina¬tion(R
Square)of0970.Thisvalueshowsthattireinfluenceof
environmentalattitudestowardthebe¬haviortomaintain
anenvironmentof97%.Thereareothervariablesinfluence
Grammarly GrammarlyReportgeneratedonThursday,Feb1,2018,6:18AM Page15of28
of3%whichaffectthebehaviortomaintainan
environmentthatisnotin¬cludedintheanalysismodel.
AdjustedRSquare=0968;Thisvalueshowsthatthenet
effectofenviron¬mentalattitudestowardspeople's
behaviortomain-taintheenvironmentintheWalanae
watershedofSouthSulawesiProvinceof96.8%.
BasedonTable10showsthatthecorrelationco¬efficient
ofmotivationtomaintaintheenvironment(X3)of0.985.
Thisvalueshowsthattherelationshipbetweenmotivation
withpeople'sbehaviortomain¬taintheenvironment(Y)in
theWalenaewatershedSouthSulawesiProvinceasvery
strong.Thatisaverystrongmotivationtomaintainan
environmenttopredictthebehaviorofmanagingthe
environ¬ment.Thecoefficientofdetermination(RSquare)
of0.970.Thisvalueshowstheeffectofmotivationon
behaviortomaintainanenvironmentof97%.Thereare
othervariablesinfluencetothebehaviortomaintainan
environmentof3%thatisnotincludedintheanalysis
model.AdjustedRSquare=0.968;Thisvalueshowsthat
theneteffectofmotivationonthepeople'sbehaviorto
maintainanenviron¬mentinWalanaewatershedofSouth
SulawesiProv¬inceof96.8%.
BasedonTable10showsthatthecorrelationco¬efficient
ofenvironmentalknowledge,attitudesto¬wardsthe
environment,andmotivationtomaintainenvironmental
(XI,X2,X3)of0.985.Thisvalueshowsthatthe
relationshipasverystrongbetweenenvironmental
knowledge,attitudestowardstheenvironment,and
motivation(XI,X2,X3)withthebehaviorofpeopleto
maintainenvironmental.Thismeansallofthedependent
variablesverypowerfultopredictthebehaviorof
managingtheenviron¬ment.Thecoefficientof
determination(RSquare)of
Table10.Resultsoftheanalysisofsimpleregression
(ModelSummary)XItoY,X2toY,X3toY,andmultiple
regres¬sionX1,X2,X3toY(ModelSummary)
Variables
Model
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R
RSquare
AdjustedRSquare
Std.ErroroftheEstimate
.
X,toY1.812'.660.6306.76969
X2toY2.985'.970.9682.02349
X3toY3.985'.970.9682.02349
X^„X^oY4.985'.970.9682.03917
BAKHRANIRAUF
447
0.970.Thisvalueshowstheinfluenceofallofthe
dependentvariablestothebehaviortomaintainthe
environmentby97%.Thereareothervariablesinflu¬ence
thebehaviortomaintainanenvironmentof3%.Adjusted
RSquare=0.968;Thisvalueshowsthattheneteffectof
theallofdependentvariablestotirepeople'sbehaviorto
maintainenvironmentintheWalanaewatershedat96.8%.
Basedonthedescriptionmentionedaboveitcanbe
concludedthattheenvironmentknowledge,the
environmentattitudes,andmotivationtomaintainan
environmentindividuallyandsimultaneouslycanpredict
thepeople'sbehaviortomaintaintheenvironment.To
improvethepeople'sbehavior,itmuststrengtheningofthe
environmentalknowl¬edge,theenvironmentattitudes,and
motivationtopreservetheenvironmentintireformof
intensivecounselingoftheenvironmentknowledge,
Grammarly GrammarlyReportgeneratedonThursday,Feb1,2018,6:18AM Page17of28
mentoringandenvironmentpilot.
Tofindouthowlargethecontributionoftheallof
dependentvariablestothepeople'sbehaviortomaintain
theresidentalenvironmenteitherindi¬viduallyortogether,
theanalysisresultspresentedinTable11.
BasedonTable11showsthattheSig.t=0.000<a=0.05.
Itshowsthattheknowledgeoftheenviron¬mentgivesthe
contributiontothepeople'sbehaviortomaintainthe
residentalenvironmental(B=2.930).Thisvalueshows
thatthecontributionofenviron¬mentalknowledgeonthe
behaviorofthecommu¬nitytomaintainanenvironmentof
2,930.Thereforeitcanbeconcludedthatwhenenhanced
theenvi¬ronmentalknowledge(onepart),thenthe
behaviorofthecommunitytomaintaintheresidemtal
envi¬ronmentinWalenaewatershedincreasedby2,930.
Furthermore,inTable11showsthattheSig.t=0.000<a
=0.05.Itshowsthattireenvironmentatti¬tudegives
contributiontothepeople'sbehaviortomaintainresidental
environmental(B=1.044).Thisvalueshowsthatthe
contributionoftheenviron¬mentalattitudestowardsthe
people'sbehaviortomaintainanenvironmentof1,044.
Thereforeitcanbeconcludedthatwhenenhancedthe
environmen¬talattitudes(onepart),thenthebehaviorof
thecom¬munitytomaintaintheresidentalenvironmentin
Walenaewatershedincreasedby1,044.
Furthermore,inTable11showsthattheSig.t=0.000<a
=0.05.Itshowsthatthemotivationtomaintainan
environmentgivescontributiontothepeople'sbehaviorto
maintaintheresidentalenvi¬ronmental(B=1.047).This
valueshowsthatthecontributionofmotivationtothe
people'sbehaviortomaintainanenvironmentof1.047.
Thereforeitcanbeconcludedthatwhenthemotivationto
main¬tainanenvironmentenhanced(onepart),thenthe
behaviorofthecommunitytomaintainanenviron¬mentin
Walenaewatershedincreasedby1,047.
InTable11,itappearsthatforenvironmentalknowledge
Sig.t=0.007<a=0.05.Itshowsthattheknowledgeof
theenvironmentgivescontributiontothepeople'sbehavior
tomaintaintheresidentalen¬vironment.Contributionof
theenvironmentalknowledgeonthebehaviorofthe
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communitytomaintainanenvironmentof0.078.Therefore
itcanbeconcludedthatwhenenhancedenvironmental
knowledge(onepart)withregardtoenvironmental
attitudes,andmotivationtopreservetheenviron¬ment,the
people'sbehaviortomaintaintheresidentalenvironment
increasedby0.078.Damerell,HoweandGulland(2013)
Providesevi-
Table11.Resultsofsimpleregressionanalysis
(Coefficients)XItoY,X2toY,X3toY,andmultiple
regression(Coef-ficients)XI,X2,X3toY.
ModelUnstandardizedCoefficientsStandardized
CoefficientsTSig
BStandardErrorBeta
1(Constant)20,4282,5777929,000
Knowledge2,930,277,81210,578
2(Constant),5451,092,499,620
Attitude1,044,024,98542,936,000
3(Constant),5471,094,501,620
Motivation1,047,027,98742,939,000
4(Constant),6301,129558,579
Knowledge,094,146,07824,102,007
Attitude1,0321,129,97424,129,000
Motivation1,0351,132,97724,132,000
448
Eco.Env.&Cons.22(1):2016
dencetosuggestthattheenvironmentalknowledgeof
learnersispositivelyinfluencedbyEE(environ¬mental
education).Itismeansofenvironmentaleducationis
neededtoimprovetheenvironmentalknowledge.The
higherlevelofknowledgeoftheenvironment,thebetter
thebehaviorofthecommu¬nitytomaintainenvironment.
Mulyadi(2010)ex¬plainsthatthereisadrecteffectof
environmentalknowledgeonresponsibleenvironmental
behavioroffarmersofSopengDistrict.Suwarto(2013)
Grammarly GrammarlyReportgeneratedonThursday,Feb1,2018,6:18AM Page19of28
ex¬plainthatEnvironmentalknowledgeofpeasant
communityinBanjarsarineedtobedevelopedtoincrease
betterpro-environmentalbehavior.Kumar(2012)havealso
discussedthattherelationshipbe¬tweenenvironmental
knowledgeandattitudewasfoundtobepositiveand
significant.WhileKolmussandAegyman(2002)stated
thatmostresearchersagreethatonlyasmallfractionof
pro-environmen¬talbehaviorcanbedirectlylinkedto
environmentalknowledgeandenvironmentalawareness.
Aertsens,etal.(2011)mentionthattheremaybeabi-
direc-tionalcause-effectrelationshipbetweenattitudeand
objectiveknowledge.Baseonthestatedofsome
re¬searchersconcludedthepeople'sbehaviortomaitain
residentalenvironmentinfluencedbyenvi¬ronment
knowledge.Ellen(1994)hasfoundthatsubjective
knowledgeispositivelyassociatedwithcommitmentto
recycling,sourcereduction,andpo¬liticalaction.Hineset
al.(1987)saysthatwhenthisrelationship(knowledgeand
behavior)appearstobestronger,itisknowledgeaboutan
ecologicalbe¬haviorratherthanfactualknowledgeabout
theen¬vironmentthatisrelatedtoecologicalbehavior.
Furthermore,inTable11showedthattheenvi¬ronment
attitudeoftheSig.t=0.000<a=0.05.Itshowsthatthe
environmengivescontributiontothepeople'sbehaviorto
maintaintheresidentalenvi¬ronmentwithregardto
environmentalknowledgeandmotivationtopreservethe
environment.Beta=0.974.Thisvalueshowsthatthe
contributionoftheenvironmentattitudetothesociety's
behaviortomaintainanenvironmentof0,974.Thereforeit
canbeconcludedthatiftireattitudeimproved(onepart)
withregardtotheenvironmentalknowledge,and
motivationtopreservetheenvironment,thepeople's
behaviortomaintaintheresidentalenvi¬ronmentincreased
by0,974.AccordingtoZeleznyandSchultz(2000),
attitudesofenvironmentalcon¬cernsarerootedina
person'sconceptofselfandthedegreetothewhichan
individualperceiveshimorherselftobeanintegralpartof
thenaturalenviron-
ment.Ajzen,(1991);andChengetal,emphasizedthat
positiveattitudetowardsaparticularbehaviourstrengthens
Grammarly GrammarlyReportgeneratedonThursday,Feb1,2018,6:18AM Page20of28
theintentiontoperformthatbehaviour.Mansarayand
Abijoye(1998)descibethatthequal¬ityofthe
environmentdependscriticallyonthelevelofknowledge,
attitudes,valuesandpracticesofconsumers.Kollmussand
Agyeman(2002)dscribesthatenvironmentalattitudeshave
beenfoundtohaveavarying,usuallyverysmallimpacton
pro-environmentalbehavior.Thesameresultshowedby
MalekiandKarimzadeh(2011),thatgen¬erallythe
environmentalattitudeandenergycon¬sumptionattitude
haveapositivesignificantrela¬tionshipwithenergy
consumptionbehavior.Kuhlemeierelal.(1999)studyof
environmentallit¬eracyinDutchninthgraders,theyfound
amoderatecorrelation(r=.36)betweenattitudeand
behaviors.deGrootandSteg(2010)concludedtaht
intrinsicmotivation,integratedandexternalregulation
madeasignificantcontributiontotheregressionmodel.
Respondentswhowereintrinsicallymotivatedto¬wards
actinginfavouroftheenvironmentweremorelikelyto
donatetoenvironmentalorgani¬sationsandlessto
humanitarianorganisations.
Furthermore,inTable11showsthatthemotiva¬tionto
maintainanenvironmentforSig.t=0.000<a=0.05.I t
showsthatthemotivationtomaintaintheenvironment
givescontributiontothepeople'sbe¬haviortomaintainthe
residentalenvironmentwithregardtoenvironmental
knowledgeandtheenvi¬ronmentattitude.Beta=0.977.
Thisvalueshowsthatthecontributionofmotivationto
maintainanenvironmenttothepeople'sbehaviorto
maintaintheresidentalenvironmentamountedto0.977.
Thereforeitcanbeconcludedthatwhenthemotiva¬tionto
maintainanenvironmentenhanced(onepart)withregard
toenvironmentalknowledge,andtheenvironment
attitudes,thepeople'sbehaviortomaintaintheresidental
environmentincreasedby0.977.KollmussandAgyeman
(2002)arguethatmotivationisshapedbyintensityand
direction(whichdetermineswhichbehaviorischosenfrom
allthepossibleoptions).Herath(2010)decribesthat
motivesforbehaviorcanbeovertorhidden—con¬scious
orunconscious,motivationmanipulatestherelationshipof
attitude,subjectivenormandper¬ceivedbehavioural
controlwiththeintension.ZhuandYang(2012)saysthat
1
Grammarly GrammarlyReportgeneratedonThursday,Feb1,2018,6:18AM Page21of28
motivationcanbede¬finedasthosepsychological
tendenciesandinternaldrivewhichstimulateandmaintain
anorganism'sactionsandmakethembetowardsacertain
goal.
BAKHRANIRAUF
449
WhileBeatonelah,(1998)saysthatanintrinsically
motivatedindividualactsoutofpersonalchoiceand
interest.
TheresultsareconsistentwiththeKollmusandAegyman
(2002),thatsomeofthefactorsthatinhibitpro-
environmentalbehaviorsuchasdemographicfactors,
externalfactors(e.g.institutional,economicsocialand
culturalfactors)andinternalfactors(e.g.motivation,
environmentalknowledge,awareness,values,attitudes,
emotion,locusofcontrol,respon¬sibilitiesandpriorities).
BergerandCorbin,(1992)notethatitisnotuncommonin
theecologicaldo¬mainthatonetypeofecological
behaviorisaffectedbycitherenvironmentalattitude,
environmentalknowledge,environmentalvaluesor
ecologicalbehaviourintentionwhileothersarenot.
Conclussion
Basedonthedescriptionoftheresultsofthestudy,the
conclusionsofthisstudyaredescribedasfol¬lows:
•Thepeople'sbehaviortomaintainthesettle¬ments
environmentintheWalenaewatershedofSouthSulawesi
Provinceneedstobeim¬proved,especiallyontheaspect
ofwasteman¬agement,anddrainagemaintenance.
•Theenvironmentknowledgeofthecommuni¬tiesinthe
Walenaewatershedstillneedstobeimproved,especially
ontheaspectsofcompre¬hension,application,analysis,
synthesis,andevaluationoftheenvironment.
•TheenvironmentattitudeofthesocietyinWalenae
watershedpositivetrendbutstillneedstobeimproved,in
termsofcognitive,af¬fective,andpsychomotor.
•TheMotivationtomaintaintheresidentalenvi¬ronment
Grammarly GrammarlyReportgeneratedonThursday,Feb1,2018,6:18AM Page22of28
intheWalenaewatershedclassifiedasmoderate,seenfrom
theaspectofintrinsicmo¬tivationandextrinsic
motivation.
•Theenvironmentalknowledge,theenviron¬ment
attitudesandthemotivationofmaintain¬ingenvironmental
giveapositiveimpactandmakeasignificantcontribution
eitherindividu¬allyorsimultaneouslutothepeople's
behaviortomaintaintheneighborhoodsintheWalenae
watershedofSouthSulawesiProvince.
Recommendation
1.Theenvironmentknowledgeofthecommuni-
tiesintheWalenaewatershedneedstobeim¬provedby
providingcounseling,reinforcementofwastemanagement,
andresidentialdrain¬age.Increasingoftheknowledge
societywillautomaticallychangetheenvironmentattitude
toapositivedirectionandstrengthenthemoti¬vationto
preservetheenvironment.
2.ThePeopleintheWalenaewatershedofSouth
SulawesiProvinceshouldbegiventostrengthenthe
attitudebygivingthepilotagoodwastemanagement,
maintenanceofresi¬dentialdrainage,andpilotagood
environment.
3.ThepeopleintheWalenaewatershedofSouth
SulawesiProvinceneedstobegivencontinu¬ously
motivatedbybringingthemtoparticipateinmanaging
wasteandmaintainthesettle¬mentsdrainage.
4.Toimprovethebehaviorofpeopletomaintainthe
environmentinWalena ewatershedofSouthSulawesi
Provincethenthatneedstobedoneistoincreasethe
knowledgeoftheenvi¬ronment,directedtheattitude
towardsaposi¬tive,andprovidemotivationtomaintain
theenvironment.Increasingofthem otivationmustbe
donecontinuouslytomaintaintheneighbor¬hoods.
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