DOCUMENT RESUME LI 002 383 INSTITUTION DUB · PDF fileboth KWIC and KWOC indexes have found it...
Transcript of DOCUMENT RESUME LI 002 383 INSTITUTION DUB · PDF fileboth KWIC and KWOC indexes have found it...
ED 045 164
AUTHORTITLE
INSTITUTIONDUB DATENOTEAVAILABLE FRCM
EDRS PRICEDESCRIPTO!BS
IDENTIFIERS
DOCUMENT RESUME
LI 002 383
Flury, William R.: Henderson, D.User's Guide to the Key-Word-Out-of-Context [KWOC]Index: [How to Harness the KWOC].Mitre Corp., McLean, Va.Sep 7084n.The Mitre Corporation, Westgate Research Park,Mclean, Virginia 22101
FIRS Price MF-0.c0 PC Not Available from EDRS.Charts, *Electrpnic Data Processing, *Indexes(Locaters), Libraries, *Programing, *SpecialLibraries, *Technical Peport.s*Key Word Out Of Context, YwOC
APS-TACT'This gaper provides the description, documentation
and users' and programmers' guide for the keyword out of context.(KWOC) library indexing system, with coding references, program flowcharts, program listings, rrocedure flow charts and instructions formaintenance and operation. (Author)
1.
-4. "PERMISSION TO REPRGCLICE THIS COPY-RIGHTED MATERIAL BY MICnOFICHE ONLY
\CO HAS BEEN GRANTED BY
r With nt Pia yLei TO ERIC AND ORGANIZATIONS OPEIBATING
a:4sUNDER AGREEMENTS WITH THE US OFFICEOF EDUCATION FURTHER REPRODUCTIONOUTSIDE THE ERIC SYSTEM REOUIRES PER-MISSION 0 F THE COPYRIGHT OWNER
M70-46
USER'S GUIDE TO THE
KEYWORD-OUT-OF-CONTEXT (KWOC) INDEX
(HOW TO HARNESS THE KWOC)
MITRE WASHINGTON LIBRARY
by
W. R. Flury and D. Henderson
s tee. Ite003 tt IWO
SEPTEMBER 1970
THE
\1111R14,CLIFIroRA TION1
Wash OS Oce at .o
ABSTRACT
This paper provides the description, documentation and user'sand programmers' guide for the keyword out of context (KWOC) libraryindexing system, with coding references, program flow charts, programlistings, procedure flow charts and instructions for maintenance andoperation.
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS vi
LIST OF TABLES vi
SECTION I INTRODUCTION 1
What is a KWOC Index 1
Is This A Standard KWOC Index 3
Multi-Card Citation 5
Input Tagging 6
Input Enrichment 8
Additional Background Information 9
SECTION II PROCESSING IN THE LIBRARY 11
How Incoming Reports are Processed 11
Accessions Process 11
KWOC Input Processing 11
How KWOC Reports Are Produced 18
SECTION III HOW TO USE KWOC 23
Locating a Report - SingleTerm Search 23
Locating a Report - MultipleTerm Search 24
Retrieving Information 30
SECTION IV A PROGRAMMER'S OVERVIEW OF KWOC 33
Basic Programs 33
Special Features 34
System Limitations 38
SECTION V KWOC ECOLOGY 41
APPENDIX I INDEXING 45
APPENDIX II REFERENCE DATA FOR CODING KWOC INPUT 52
APPENDIX III RUN PROCEDURES 58
APPENDIX IV PROGRAM FLOW CHARTS 68
APPENDIX V PROGRAM LISTINGS 74
BIBLIOGRAPHY 93
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Figure Number Page
1 KWOC Listing 2
2 Generating A KWOC Index 4
3 Work Flow, Technical Reports Accessionand Indexing 12
4 Report Request Form 13
5.a Library Shelf List Card Side 1 14
5.b Library Shelf List Card Side 2 14
6 Report Circulation Card 15
7 Coding and Keypunching KWOC Data 17
8 Flow Chart for Monthly AccessionsProcessing 19
Flow Chart for Weekly AccessionsProcessing 20
10 AD Number Search 25
11 Multiple Term Subject Search 28
12 Author Search 31
LIST OF TABLES
Table Number Page
I ITEM DESIRED FOR CITATION 7
vi
SECTION I
INTRODUCTION
The MITRE Corporation Policy and Procedures manual (L.1) states,
"It is MITRE policy to provide a facility and an organization to
acquire, control, store and retrieve information in the form of books,
pamphlets, periodicals and reports, needed by MITRE in the prosecution
of its mission." In implementing this policy the Washington Library
recently instituted a Key-Word-Out-of-Context (KWOC) index for the
technical reports collection. This paper provides some background
information about the KKOC system; guides to the Library Staff,
Technical Staff and Administrators on how to use the system; and pro-
grammer notes including flow charts and program listings for program
maintenance.
What is a KWOC Index?
A 13400 index is a special form of index in which: (1) an entry
is created for every substantive word in the report title, and (2)
entries show the substantive word (keyword) and the portion of the
context out of which the word was obtained. A sample of a 1340C index
is shown in Figure 1.
A 13100 index is a special form of a Key-Word-In-Context (KWIC)
index. Both KWOC and KWIC are based on the selection of keywords
directly from the title alone or from a more complete bibliographic
citation.
A more complete discussion of the theoretical background and
the underlying structure of both *IOC and KWIC indexing is presented
in Appendix I.
DEFINITION
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FIG
UR
EI
KW
OC
LIS
TIN
G
Each index entry in The Washington Library KWOC index is
generated from a technical report citation. The manner in which it
is generated is shown in Figure 2. After such entries are generated
for a collection of reports they are sorted and the KWOC output
listing is generated. In this listing one line is printed for each
index entry. The line contains the keyword on the left, and in the
wider field on the right, the context out of which the keyword was
obtained.
Is This A Standard KWOC Index?
No. The Washington Library has adapted the basic KWOC technique
to the special circumstances that pertain there. Three adaptations
have been made. Each is aimed at further improving the usefulness
of the index in The Washington Operations environment. The adaptations
are:
(1) multi-card citation input,
(2) input tagging, ap-
(3) input enrichment,
These adaptations, along with some of the rationale behind them, are
discussed below.
TECHNICALREPORT
411001AN EFFICIENIMET110D Or
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10601 #71,07 0 trruitrr MITMOO Of IFORNIFIC ENE 11011114C Of LCA4INC0PIE roomtrs
FIGURE 2GENERATING A KWOC INDEX
4
Multi -Card Citation
A standard KWOC index uses a single card input per report. This
normally allows the opportunity to input the report accession number
and about 60 characters of the title. Over half of the technical
reports received by The Washington Library have titles significantly
longer than 60 characters. In order to assure the possibility of
obtaining the full title on input, a multi-card citation input process
was developed. Details of the process of preparing the input are
presented in Section II under KWOC Input Processing.
In addition to assuring input of the full report title, the
multi-card citation input readily permits the addition of any other
desired information for indexing purposes. During development of the
KWOC index various elements in Washington Operations desired to in-
clude 8 other reference entries:
Author
- Corporate Source
- Corporate Report Number
- Date
- Other Identifying Number
- Department Number
- Contract Number
- Task Number
With the number of input cards substantially unlimited it is possible
to include all of these and others if this is desired in the future.
5
Input Tagging
Tagging is a feature of the Washington KWOC index which was
developed at MITRE to overcome a basic KWOC format problem. Users c
both KWIC and KWOC indexes have found it annoying to scan down the 1
of keywords and find authors' names, department identifiers and ori-
ginators' document identiftcations intermixed in tho listing sequenc
with keywords from titles. This problem is further complicated, in
the case of The Washington Library, by a requirement to include in tl
index the many other items of bibliographic information, along with
titles. Many of these are alphanumeric and would, normally, sort in
sequence with title keywords in the output listing.
The solution developed for this problem begins with assigning
special character tags to be prefixed, on input, to each of the non-
title items desired in the index. See Table I. These tags are carrf
by the system through the keyword sorting process. Since the tags
are in the high-order (left-most) position for the index sort, they
force like items together. After sorting, the print program deletes
the tags from the left margin field but leaves the sorted records in
the sequence in which they were put before the tap were deleted.
The resulting output is, thus, divided into 10 major segments
corresponding to the 10 types of tags and the 10 items of interest.
Title words appear in the subject index section; sJthors' names all
appear together and in alphabetic sequence; dates appear together
and in sequence from earliest to most recent and are not intermixed
with project numbers, and so on.
6
TABLE I
ITEM DESIRED FOR CITATION
ITEM EXAMPLE TAGGED FORM
Title Growth of Urban... Growth of Urban
Author(s) Jones, J. P. -JONES, J. P.
Corporate Source RAND *RAND
Corporate Report Number P-1234 :P-1234
Date 680929 /680929
AD, PB or NASA Number AD 123 456 =AD123456
Department Number D-31 .D-31
Contract Number F19(628)-68-C-0365 +F19(628)-68-C-036!
Project or Task Number 31.5.0 231.5.0
Accession Number
Internal documents WP1234 WP1234(3 different series) MTR 456 TR456
M67 M67External 11W 2468 MW2468
NOTES: The black dot is used in the above illustration as a visiblesubstitute for a numerical quantity, hexadecimal 00, for which noprintable 360 character has been assigned. This quantity is auto-matically prefixed to the accession number by the KWOC program.When the accession numbers are printed, the unprintable characterdoes not print and a blank appears in its place.
7
One bonus of this approach is the ability to reconstitute the
multiple input card images in their original sequence, at the be-
ginning of the listing. The basic conditions to permit this are set
when the accession numbers, treated as keywords, are pulled together
by their tags and sequenced. Since every citation normally requires
two to three cards of input, a convention was established to enter
the accession number first on each card and to suffix card sequence
letters to the accession number on each card as required. The result,
after keyword sorting, is the complete citation as originally entered.
The basic citation section of the listing is bound separately
from the others and used side-by-side during searches of the other
portions of the index. This separate list is especially useful when
the context from which the keyword was obtained (the content of the
card on which it appeared) happens not to include the other items with
which the user is trying to coordinate the term he is accessing. See
Section III for more details on the use of the basic citation listing.
Input Enrichment
Another standard objection to conventional KWOC indexing centers
around the problem of non-informative titles, titles which do not
contain good, descriptive keywords. As a hedge against lost informa-
tion, it was decided for this application to enrich the basic KWOC
citation with human indexing. Enrichment, in this application, is
defined as the adding of extra index terms which do not appear in the
title or with the other standard bibliographic data in the document.
In the input processing stage of the system, all of the basic
citation information is obtained from the document by a library aide.
8
The professional indexer scans this for accuracy and also makes a
determination as to whether or not the title is properly descriptive.
If enrichment is deemed desirable, the indexer adds extra terms to
the input record and suffixes them with an asterisk. The indexer
is also encouraged, when time permits, to highlight particularly
descriptive terms in the title. These are also indicated with the
suffixed asterisk.
Additional Backuound Information
The KWOC index is currently being used with a collection of
over 10,000 technical reports growing at a rate of flproximately
6,800 per year. Report subject matter is varied representing the
combined interests of 370 technical staff members working on diverse
military and civilian systems engineering problems. The rest are
internally generated. OE the former, about two-thirds are obtained
from the Defense Documentation Center (DDC) or the National Technical
Information Service (formerly the Clearinghouse-CFSTI). The others
are obtained directly from the originating organizations.
The system is based on use of three programs run on the IBM
360/50 in a multi-programming mode under OS 360, Version 18 with
HASP (Houston Automatic Spooling Processor, an I/O expediting feature).
The programs are: KWOC1, which generates the basic index record; the
Sort-Merge utility program of OS 360, and KWOC2 which prints the out-
put. These three programs are used to prepare and check the newly in-
dexed material weekly. After checking, newly indexed records are
9
accumulated and, periodically, inserted into the caster file with
the Sort-Merge utility under Job Control Language (JCL). The mascer
file is currently printed in its entirety at the same time.
Weekly cumulative index, sort and print runs for up to 800
documents require less than 5 minutes of computer time. Master
file merge and print runs, printing the complete index, have not
yet excezded 12 minutes of charged computer time.
10
SECTION II
PROCESSING IN THE LIBRARY
How Incoming Reports are Processed
The flow of technical reports through the Library accessions and
indexing processes is shown in Figure 3.
Accessions Process
Almost all technical reports in the library are obtained at the
request of members of the MITRE Technical Staff. When requesting a
report the staff member completes form MCF 1825, 9/70 Figure 4. From
this form the library takes the bibliographic information, and, if
the report is not already in the collection, submits an order to the
appropriate supplier. Request forms are filed in a pending request
file (ringbinder) until fulfilled by receipt of the report.
KWOC Input Processing
When the requested report is received the request form is removed
from the binder by the library aide. The aide then handwrites such
information as can be readily obtained from the request form onto a 5x8
Bibliographic Record Card ;sometimes called Shelf List Card). See
Figure 5.
The partially completed Bibliographic Record Card is next given
to the indexer. The indexer checks the aide's work and completes any
portions of the bibliographic entry which the aide was unable to
Handwritten entries on the form are currently spc,zified as a worksaving measure. Since all of the information on the form later --appears in the computer printed KWOC output, and since the Biblio-graphic Record Card is used primarily as a filed record the hand-writing of this record constitutes no significant legit lity problem.
11
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FIGURE 3WORK FLOW
TECHNICAL REPORTS ACCESSION 8 INDEXING
12
MITREMASHINOTON LIBRARY
OPEN LITERATURE COLLECTION MUM
UEE Ispersta form for each ilitY1 rowsstad,filling In ONLY blanks applicable
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ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR OBTAINING
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Sub Depart roc s I )lead . Margo er S I rota rio.r. tt,r,ourtir lh eJ .Erna ten,
FIGURE 4REPORT REQUEST FORM
13
1
CORPORATE ORIGIN'
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tel
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41,40-1.40, le 7Varts
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INDEX TERMS
FIGURE 5aLIBRARY SHELF LIST CARD, SIDE I
PAGES
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FIGURE 5bLIBRARY SHELF LIST CARD, SIDE 2
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FIGURE 6REPORT CIRCULATION CARD
15
complete. The indexer, at this point, may determiwa that the contents
of the document are not adequately described by the terms in the title.
In such cases the indexer assigns additional terms and records them
on the Bibliographic Record Card in the appropriate place. Descrip-
tive terms assigned by the Indexer follow the standards suggested in
Standard for Descriptive Cataloging of Government Scientific and
Technical Reports Revision 1, AD #641092, October 1966. Index terms
assigned by the indexer are taken from The Thesaurus of Engineering
and Scientific Terms, First Edition, Engineer's Joint Council, New
York, December 1967, or later editions as available. The indexer may
also consult other guides such as the latest edition of the NASA
Thesaurus.
Upon completion of this stage of processing the technical report
is charged out to the requester. Two circulation cards (Figure 6)
are filed, one by library accession number and one by borrower name.
The request sheet is filed in a binder of completed requests, by
requester name. The Bibliographic Record Card is returned to the
aide who uses it as a source document for transcription of the
information onto a keypunch coding sheet. The rules for coding
for keypunching are fully described in Appendix II, Reference Data
for Coding KWOC Input. See Figure 7 for sample of the completed
keypunch coding sheet. After coding, the Bibliographic Record Card
is filed by accession number as a permanent Shelf List record. The
coding sheets are sent, in daily batches, to the MITRE Washington
Computer Center (MWCC) for keypunching.
16
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How KWOC Reports Are Produced
In producing the arious KWOC outputs two computer procedures
are used. One of these is usually run once a month and is called
"Monthly Run." This run consists of two jobs run together. They are
called CUMULIST, Job 1 and PRINT, Job 2. See Figure 8 for a flow
chart. The first job accepts as input the cards for all of the new
accessions during the previous month. It prepares index records for
these cards and sorts them. It then produces an output listing of
these records in standard KWOC format. This output is printed on
white paper for reproduction as a Working Paper and for distribution
to the Technical Staff as a current awareness service.
In the second part of the monthly run the sorted index records
from the first part of the run are merged with the index records
in the master file on magnetic tape. This job then produces a listing
of the total KWOC index including all records ever entered. This is
printed on three part paper (or three times at the Library's option)
on striped paper. These outputs are used as the current working copies
in the Library processing area, in the Library reading room and in the
Bedford Library.
The other major run is performed once a week and is called "Weekly
Run." See Figure 9 for a flow chart. This run accepts as input the
cards representing all accessions since the last monthly run. In the
first week after the monthly run it operates with one week's accessions;
in the second week, two weeks' accessions; and so on. This run also
18
OIIR NO
N=
LAM
A
DISTRIBUTE
TO
STAFF
TOTAL CUMULATIVE MEI LISTING
MONTHLY CUMULATIVE LISTING OP ACCESSIONS
TOR DISTRIBUTION TO ALL STAFF
FIG
UR
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FLO
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HA
RT
FO
R M
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LY A
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PR
OC
ES
SIN
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20
-1 4
I
consists of two job steps. The first, KWOC1, indexes all of the in-
put records, sorts them and creates an output data set for printing.
The second step, KWOC2, prints the records in standard KUOC format.
The output is printed on striped paper. It is used by the library
aide and the indexer to check the input to KWOC for errors. It ilso
serves as the current cumulative accession list supplement until the
next monthly run.
Another run called CHECKOUT is used to aid in checking any set
of input cards which has never been run before. It is very similar
to the weekly run. See flow chart in Appendix III. It is normally
used to check the fourth week's input to the monthly run prior to its
entry as input to the monthly run.
The detailed procedures for obtaining the Monthly and Weekly
Runs are described in Appendix III.
21
,--777r;
SECTION III
HOW TO USE KWOC
The main purpose of KWOC is to permit staff members to locate and
obtain technical reports in the library easily and efficiently. The
ROC index can also provide certain valuable information directly with-
out obtaining any reports. In order to locate a report, the KWOC user
must: (1) search the KWOC listing for the appropriate entries; (2)
extract the report accession numbers; and then (3) obtain the desired
report from the library staff. If the user is just interested in ob-
taining information about reports he needs only to search the index
and obtain the information directly from the listirg.
Locating a Report - Single Term Search
When trying to locate and obtain (retrieve) a report from the
library the staff member may use either a single term search strategy
or a multiple term search strategy. In a single term search the KWOC
user must have in mind one of the following:
any significant word in the title
the name of any of the authors
the name of the organization that produced the report
an index term under which the report is likely to have been
indexed (by the Library indexer)
the originating organization's report number
,71. 23
the task number under which the report was produced (MITRE
documents)
The Department number of the originating department (MITRE
documents)
the DDC identification number (AD Number)
With any one of these the user can scan the listing at the
appropriate point and locate all the reports indexed under teat one
keyword or term.
For example, to find a specific item, DDC Report AD681472, a
searcher looks in that section of KWOC that lists AD number (Figure
10). Here he will find that AD681472 has been accessioned under
MW3210. To order a copy of the document, the searcher merely asks
the Library staff for MW3210. If he wishes to know the full title
of the document, the searcher may then turn to the bibliographic
citation section.
Locating a Report - Multiple Term Search
When performing a single term search on the AD number or the
originating organization's report number the user will find (if he
finds anything under that number) only one report for each index entry.
When searching on other terms the user may find more than one report
for each term. For example, the KWOC index will list many reports
under the keywords "COMPUTER" and "SYSTEM." If the user is looking
for just one report or Just a few reports from among those he can
ease the search by thinking of one or more other terms under which
24
AU67b514
41067e5R9
AU076770
Au074176
Ao679269
ACc7y271
A0674272
AC679644
AV67,,613
Au6T9915
AC66u011
60660246
AC684)254
AL660412
A068.1614
AD631106
A1
A0641434
AU661457
AC0)2423
A0662120
AO
6b/1
69406W237
A0662311
A04,42,39
An66290
AP082402
AZ683255
4066'1362
AlJ663362
AC04374
AD663670
AC063686
A0633714
AJC63746
Ati0b4)60
0478918 *L4G-44NSCOM-cISLP-46SS-EL0CT'n41C-SYCTr4S :FYN-TR-48-476 =6)670514
m429,18 4,1n4f-AIP-DEVcL-CC147cP-G0Icc155-4FA-NY :RACC-TR-68-341 .An670580
4435418 HUKAN-FACTJPS' /410000 *F14FIGN-TrC4-[ATV-WPTGHT-PArTr0S0N-AFB .P0678779
06$173C :4FCSO-68-0049 .A0679176
4431563 40679269
4429133 0LE0-J-00MEN-1155nC 4[+679271
0424128 mCEO-J-COHCN-ASSOC .40679272
41.3535 01..C..4ANSr7M-cIELn-4A-FLEC-SYSTrMS-0IV :FSD-TP-60-371 =48679544
447511/1 MAGNETIC-tiAnYS0 JAK4-7ELLER-ErgrCT /4811100 m4D679613
4h29144 /681200 *fti!N"S-U4IV-U0SON4-ennRDTNATFP-SCIeNCF-LPB :R-398 .4n679915
4424358 44NOROIKSA /6°100C whIGHT-paYTFRS0N-AFB -C4 :650-70-40-45 .R0680011
4w3047C INFORMAT/C1N-PPOCr5SIIG* S.1C.-S4 :TM-3620-002-00 =6'160024P
P434840 0NATTnNAL-Cn-MFLPCS'-4A :R1-60-39 440680254
443204C *MICHIGAN-STA,Tf-U141V-F#ST-LANSING-01v-CF-FNGRG-RES sA0680412
0430160 AC680815
443048A C04PUT7P-SYS7c4S. GRAP ICS-PFSFARCH* /690100 ,00A 4n :0-4014 =8060110R
41439858 *SYLYPNIA-FIECTRO4ICS-SYSTEMS-wALTHAM-MA-APPLIcD-RcSFARCH-L00 W1681149
0101W3210B 41067A-CYNA0ICS-T4C-I1S-ANGELES-C4 :ESn-TR-68-455 .80681472
443906P 44INTPN4.4Ct", /4°1100 *LOGISTICS-MGT -INST-DC - A'6!31701
4w72A0m 4/.0681834 .460-21°40
4438038 04EATHER-eUPPAU-SALT -1"-CITY-UT :wR-35 .40601857
447410A /680600 0SP1-4tNln-P40K-SA :STP-49 LAD682023
4438371: *6CFING-SCIr%TtFIC-PECrA4CM-IPPS-SEATTLF-WA :n1-02-0795 =106821.20
4439878 +FCREI6N-TECM-MV-wRIG4T-PATTFPSON-APB .011642169
4439888 :FTD-MT -24-301-67 .40602237
043840C :UNI-TRONS-778 01682311
4435413 RACA-1.460-.47.1RIPS-PPIM07TnN-INJ :4FOSR-69-0272TR .0163231'1%
4.439008 *STA4F1RD-uNIV-C4-UITV-LAw-SC40OL - 40682900
4434908 °STANFrPC-.011V-CA-JNIV-LAW-SCHnni .A0682902
447423r MILITARY-11PPRPT/ONS, .041,1,0 :R4-5788 m40683255
00351?8 /681200
wASS-CnmPuTFP-ASSIC-INC-w4kcrIFLO =40683362
4437918 *ARMY-ELECTRONICS-C144/00-FT-VONMOUTM-NJ :cCn41-5236 =0116r.:367
443901m APTCATI4NY-APSPNAL-01vc0-NJ-OATA-PROCESSING-0Ff-TCF :TM -1P71 -A0603474
4435118 +SOC-S4 :TP-3624-003-000 .40683670
443729A /6SC100 of*A-04 006411486
443992A 0MITPE-CoPP-8F4F0R1-4A :ESD-TR-68-445 sAnc,03714
M47444A /640200 wPANn :P-4023 .40683746
44376C4 mcoNm :9-4000 .01,6843E6
FIG
UR
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0
AD
NU
MB
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the report might be indexed and using them in a multiple term search.
In most cases the user will find the reports he is looking for just
by looking up the other terms and scanning the index entries associated
with those terms. A user looping for reports on design of on-line
systems, would do best to search first under the least common of the
three terms, on-ltne, and scan the entries for the more common
words design and system. The user who does this will find entries
such as:
ON-LINE IS 4307 AN ON-LINE DEBUGGER FOR 05/360 ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE PROGPAMS -JOSEPH.W.H.ON-LINE MW4355 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR AN ON-LINE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMON-LINE MW7502 DOCUMENT VECTOR MODIFICATION IN ON-LINE INFORMATION-RETRIEVAL* SYSTEMSON-LINE MW8059 EVALUATION OF USER REACTIONS TO A PROTOTYPE ON-LINEON-LINE TM5025 PROPOSED DESIGN FOR AN ON-LINE INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEM -KINNEY.O.R.ON-LINE WP9005 PRELIMINARY DESIGN NOTES FOR TRANSPORTATION ON-LINE PLANNING TOP) SYSTEMON-LINE WP9221 TECHNICAL DESIGN APPROACH TO SASH ON-LINE PLANNING SYPPORT -MAYER.R.P.ON-LINE WP9229 2250 SERVICES PROVIDED BY STAGE-2 OF THE MITE ON -LINE SYPPORT SYSTEM
It does not always occur, however, that the several terms the
user wants to associate in a multiple term search will appear in the
same index entry. Sometimes they do, in such entries as MW4355,
TM5025, and WP9005. Some titles are very long, however, and carry
over to another input card. Entries MW8095, WP9005, and WP9229 carry
over. Since each card is treated independently, related keywords may
appear In separate entries. The key to coordinating such keywords
lies in making effective use of the report accession number to
tie them together.
26
Suppose a user wants to obtain all reports held on 1222.11
investment policy. Translated into search terms this means that he
wants all reports indexed under the keyword public which are also
indexed under investment and are clso indexed under policy.
The basic technique used to perform such a search is to enter
the index with the least likely keyword and list all of the accession
numbers for entries under that term. Then, the user goes to the
next least likely term and looks for entries with accession numbers
the same as on the initial list, crossing out all that are not
found among the entries. Then, on the next term for the same
operation, and on and on until the search is completed. The re-
maining list of accession numbers represents the set of reports which
satisfies the search. In the example shown in Figure 11 the user
has gone first to the keyword investment and has listed all of the
accession numbers for reports indexed under that keyword. Then,
after noting these, he has gone to the index entries for the
keyword public, and has crossed off all accession numbers from the
investment list not found under the entries for public. The two
remaining entries, MW3893 and MW7893.could then be checked against
the entries for the keyword policy, but, since there are only
two it is easier just to go to the complete citation section of the
listing and read the complete entries for both documents.
This basic, list preparation approach can be used for any
multiple term search. Other logical combinations of terms can be
used in searching. The search illustrated in the figures required
27
INVESTIGATIONS
man
n=INVESTMENT
INVESTMENT
INVESTMENT
INVESTMENT
INVESTMENT
INVESTMENT
INVESTMENT
INVISCID
PUB-6
PUBLIC
PUBLIC
PUBLIC
PUBLIC
PUBLIC
PUBLIC
PUBLIC
PUBLIC
PUBLIC
PUBLIC
PUBLIC
PUBLIC
PUBLICATIONS
WP9472A
MW3893
m$14314
Mi4348
MW4365
MW7212
MW7893
M69-I5
WP9422
MW4124
INVESTIGATIONS -BARDSLEY.P.P. .D-31 /690425 131.6.0
RANKING AND SELECTION METHODS FOR CAPITAL INVESTMENT DECISIONS IN
CRITERIA FOR INVESTMENT SELECTION -SEELEEREUND.A.J. DECISION-MAKING*
INVESTMENT IN NETWORK EXPANSION UNDER UNCERTA
OPTIMAL INVESTMENT POLICY: AN EXAMPLE OF A
AS INVESTMENT MODEL FOR REPARABLE ASS
SECT-3A ECONOMIC-DEVELO
COMPUTER USAGE IN THE INVE
A PROCEDURE FOR DETERS:EN
A ?MOMENTUM* ANALYSIS
DLER.J.L.
BLEM IN ECONOMIC
-ROSE.M.
4 REGIONAL
IONS ON
GATED IN
ONIC-FLOW*
WP9249(C)
PROPOSED REVISI
M43625 THE SYSTEMS APPRO
MW3739
REVIEW OF PUBLIC POL
mW3741
PPS & THE PUBLIC POLI
MW3893A PRIVATE AND PUBLIC SE
-CURRENT-SITUATIONS-TEAM
-QUADE,E.S.
SYSTEMS-ANALYSIS*
BY YEHEZKEL DRAW, CHANDLER
* SYSTEM: SOME REFLECTIONS ON THE PAPERS
-SMITH.K.v. INVESTMENTS* ECONOMICS*
M614230
DIRECTED RESEARCH CENTERS AND PUBLIC PROBLEMS -ALESCH.D.J.
MW4312
BACKGROUND OF PUBLIC SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT -NOVICK-D. BUDGETING*
M6J7134
PUBLIC FACILITIES AND SERVICES INVENTORY QUESTIONAIRS* PUBLIC-FACILITIE*
MW7461 .AIR-FORCE FILM =RECTORY: DIRECTORY OF AF FLEAS: CLEARED FOR PUBLIC AND
MW7806
STRATEGY
ORGANIZATION IN PUBLIC LAND POLICY -HALL.G.R. *RAND :P-3403
MW7893
SECT-3A ECONOMIC -DEVELOPMENT*SECTION-3.
PUBLIC INVESTMENT & REGIONAL
M70-2
A PROPOSED PROJECT-PLAN FOR A PUBLIC VEHICLE RENTAL-SYSTEM -MARINO.J.J.
WP1192
DRAFT FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS OF A PUBLIC AUTOMOBILE RENTAL SYSTEM
MW3978 PUBLICATIONS OF THE LOGISTICS DEPARTMENT -CRUSKY.J. - SCHNEIDER.R.ED.
FIG
UR
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that all terms be present. It used what is called AND logic (this
term AND that term AND some other term must all be present). OR
searches (this term OR that term, etc.) may also be constructed by
the user. For these, the accession number list obtained under any
term is added to the list under the other terms. Multiple term
searches may be performed using any number of terms, combining them
in any manner desired. Careful use of this method and careful
"jotting" of the list can save a lot of time in looking for reports
in common subject areas.
The Library indexer has developed a technique for speeding up
multiple term searches by providing some pre-coordination of index
terms. This is done by linking index terms with hyphens. The title,
"THE UNIFORM DATA ELEMENT DESCRIPTION," for example, is indexed by
standard KWOC techniques under UNIFORM, DATA, ELEMENT, and DESCRIPTION.
The indexer, in the improved procedure, enriches the input by entering
the additional term DATA-ELEMENT *. This type of linking is also used
to hold together the bets of character strings which make up the full
name of the corporate source: (for example: *SOCIETY-OF-AUTOHOTIVE-
ENGINEERS). Multiple term searches of the index can be made more quickly
when the searcher can enter the index looking for the complete term,
DATA-ELEMENT*,in one place rather than having to coordinate all of
the entries for DATA with all of the entries for ELEMENT.
29
Retrieving Information
The KWOC Index can also be used to retrieve information. For
example, staff members can obtain a list of all the documents they
have published by looking in the author section of the KWOC listing.
See Figure 12. A KWOC user interested in seeing what type of reports
we have been getting from RAND recently can look under the RAND entry
in the Corporate Source section of the listing. The user, usually
with the help of the Library staff, can also prepare bibliographies
on any single term or any combination of terms. All of the informa-
tion required can be obtained from the index without retrieving the
actual reports.
The possibilities for information retrieval from KWOC are
limited only by the imagination of the user and the time available
to search for and compile the information.
30
NEALEY.5
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M7466A 448448110 IPFPATIONS - PN AUTemATED CAPPOILITY -NFHAP.E.A. /6110100
4.47470A PERATILIN: AN 4OTIMATE0 ClP#WILITY -AOHRPACHrR.w. -NrHeM.E.A.
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mw4000A 01B/T -NICH/LS.B.E. - wIRD.w.w. COMMUNICATIINS-SATFLLITr*
Mw7276 PTIMAL DASIGN nF LINEAR SINGLE VARIABLY SYSTEAS - NTELSFN.G. 0:41CULUS*
ww7376
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-POTTFRSON.j.G. -STERNFR.F.J.
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SECTION IV
A PROGRAMMER'S OVERVIEW OF KWOC
Brief program descriptions and some comments on special features
are given in this section. Full supporting documentation (flow
charts, program and procedure listings) is given in Appendix IV,
Programmer's Handbook for KWOC.
Basic Programs
The system is based on use of three programs run on the IBM
360/50 in a multi-programming mode under OS 360, Version 18 with
HASP (Houston Automatic Spooling Processor, an I/O expediting
feature). Detailed flow charts of all programs are contained in
Appendix IV. Listings are presented in Appendix V.
The first program,KWOCI, written in assembly language: reads
input cards; identifies character strings of two characters or more;
compares these strings against stop list terms: and if the string is
not on the list (and is, therefore, a KWOC keyword), creates an
index for the string. These records are in the same format as the
print line. Each record, in fact, is one full line of the output.
The KWOC indexing pror,ram requires approximately 300 instructions.
It presently conta
in his book.* Th
bytes.
'400-word stop list suggested by Williams
,ogram, when link-edited, requires 46k
*W. F. Williams, s of Automated Information Retrieval,The Business Pro cst, Ill.,1965, pp. 126-129.
33
The output of KWOC1 is sorted by the Sort-Merge utilities called
by Job Control Language (JCL) statements. Records are sorted on the
first 40 characters. This includes the keyword field and the first
17 characters of the context field.
The basic print proceduve uses the Tape-To-Print utility
called by JCL. A slightly more sophisticated assembly language print
program has been written. This program, KWOC2, reads the sorted
output of KWOC1; deletes records containing certain tags, if suppression
of those records is desired; deletes tags from the keyword fields;
and prints using normal pagination controls. This program, when
link-edited, requires 48k bytes.
These three programs are used to prepare and check the newly
indexed material weekly. After checking, newly indexed records
are accumulated and, once a month, inserted into the master file
with the Sort-Merge utility under JCL. The master file is printed
periodically with KWOC2.
Special Features
1. Character string separators - any number of blanks, up to
four, or a comma are interpreted as a break in the input
character string. Each string of characters between such
separators is considered a potential keyword to be checked
against the stop list. More than four blanks separating
character strings are interpreted as the end of the text on
the card.
34
2. Stop List - this presently consists of a table of 400 common
words not useful for indexing. It is possible to extend this
list (or shorten it) by altering the table in the program.
No term included in the list will be used as an index term by
the KWOC program. In addition to terms on the Stop List all
single character strings are omitted from indexing.
3. KWOC1 Output record format - this currently appears as
follows:
Character Position
1 -20 I 21-22 24 104 105 -125
Keyword Space Context Space
Field
The output of the print program is as follows:
Character Position
1-20 21-23 24 104 105-111
Keyword Space Context Space
Field
There is nc requirement for the extra space at the end of the
records ana no significance to the different lengths.
4. Program-assigned prefix for accession numbers - So that the
library accession numbers will all fall together and come first
in the sort sequence, the program prefixes them with a special
"character". This "character", hexadecimal 00, is lower in the
35
EBCDIC collating sequence then blank (hexadecimal 40) or the first
printable character, the sign, hexadecimal 4A.
5. Prefix Change for Corporate Source entries - An initial colon
is replaced with en equal sign under program control so the
report numbers and Clearinghouse/DDC numbers will be sorted to-
gether.
6. Sort Procedure (Job Control Language Statements) - The out-
put records from KWOC1 are sorted by the sort-merge utilities
in a single alphabetic disk sort on the first 40 characters. Six
work areas are used. The output from the sort step consists of
a set of ordered records that can be output on magnetic tape for
retention or stored temporarily on disk and used as input to the
print programs. Because of the special alpha "tags" for the va-
rious data elements, each set of related records is sorted to-
gether even though only one sort is used.
7. Basic Print Procedure (Job Control Language Statements) -
The basic print procedure uses the "tape to print" utility. It
reads records from the sorted output and prints them, single spaced,
on the line printer. It is useful for checking over the coded
input for the updating cycle. It performs no character manipula-
tion. It skips to a new page only on a print overflow condition.
8. KWOC2, a More Sophisticated Print Program - This program
contains several special printing features which are used to
improve the readability of the output. These features are:
36
a. Page change - page changes occur on print overflow and
on changes in initial character, when the initial character
is one of the special character prefixes. No carriage
control characters are used in the process.
b. Prefix deletion - blank is substituted for all initial
special characters in the output records. This is done
only for special characters below A in the collating
sequence. The substitution is performed just prior to
printing.
c. Section deletion - Complete segments of the output may
be omitted from the printing by user request. The KWOC2
input parameter card provides a space to list prefix charae-
ters. No output record containing the prefix characters
specified in that field on the parameter card will be
printed. For example, putting a hyphen and a slash (the
characters used as prefix for author and date) in the
parameter card field will cause the author and the date
listing segments to be omitted.
d. Dating of Output - the date shown on the KWOC2 input
parameter card is reproduced at the beginning of each
listing segment. It is emitted along with the first line
after each page change caused by an initial special character
change.
37
9. Holding of old input decks - at present all input cards are re-
tained in an archive file. The lack of a selective retrieval program
makes this necessary. In order to produce a listing of any subset
of the master file (i.e., The Division 3 documents) it would be
necessary to use the input cards and create a new, special master
file containing only Division 3 document index records. Printing this
would provide the desired output.
10. Retiring of Old KWOCs - from time to time the size of the output
listing will cause excessively long running times. At this point
it will be necessary to retire certain records from the master file.
At present it is planned to retire old KWOC records a year at a time.
The number of years' worth while being retained in the active file
is not yet set but will be at least one and perhaps as high as three.
For older records one will have to search year by year through earlier
KWOCs.
System Limitations
1. No provision has been made in the system for master file
maintenance. Records entered into the master file cannot, with
present KWOC programs, be changec. This requires a high level
of quality control on input. It is the primary reason for having
the Library staff scan the cumulative weekly listings carefully
to spot the need for corrections in input cards.
2. The system provides no capability for automatic retrieval
from the master file. All retrieval is performed manually
using the listings of the master file and the cumulative updates.
38
3. The number of cards which may be input at any one time is
limited to approximately 2,000. The sort programs are currently
set to use 50 contiguous disk tracks for each of six sort work
areas. Assuming the average number of index records generated
from each card is about 6, then 2,000 cards of input will pro-
duce about 12,000 records of 125 characters each, a total of
1,500,000 characters. The six areas of 50 tracks will hold
111371000 characters at the blocking factor of 50 records per
block used by KWOC. The difference between the capability of
the work areas and the amount specified as the limit for input
is "insurance."
If necessary, the ^umber of tracks can be increased to 75
or more with only a sma 1 JCL change.
39
SECTION V
KWOC ECOLOGY
There are several features of the KWOC index as implemented
in the Washington Library which are vital to its continued effective
operation. These are:
(1) It is guardedly responsive, providing the best quality
report indexing service available to meet the requirements within
the resource limitations imposed.
(2) It is very inexpensive to operate.
(1) It contains timely information.
(4) It is fully documented.
A number of hidden physio-socio-psychological threats to the current
health aad vigor of the system exist, however. In order to assure
the continued usefulness of the KWOC index care must be exercised
by all involved not to let these hidden threats surface to infect
KWOC with a crippling illness. A few of the major threats to be
avoided are described briefly below.
The "left-in-the-sponge" syndrome often infects KWOC makers.
One can always discover some little change that could be made to
correct an error that got by last month or to improve the logic
flow of the program. These changes require modifying the program
and, once that has been started, one can always think of a few more
"nice to have" capabilities (see "go-go-itis" below) and so on ad
infinitum. Programming and debugging are the most expensive parts
of the KWOC development. Re-programming opens up many uncertainties,
to- 41
causes extra shake-down runs and destroys the validity of the docu-
mentation. It takes courage to wait it out, but the minor problews,
like the surgeons spolige, either melt away or pass some other way
into oblivion.
The "go-go-itis" virus is also contagious in the creative
environment at MITRE. Programmers' pulse rates rise dramatically
when they dream of all that delightful library data just sitting
around in the KWOC files and what they could do with it. Hallucina-
tions of on-line querying from desk top CRTs and instant responses
pop into mind. No certain cure has been found for this yet; however,
massive doses of "see what you can do with just the plain old listing"
while bitter to the taste, have proven effective in many cases.
The "aching backlog" is perhaps the most insidious illness
which can befall the KWOC index. It is allegedly the cause of the
paralysis of the prior system, Its onset is caused by a variety of
agents including: "higher" priorities; set-aside-itis and; too-
many-ontoday's-batch-to-do-osis. Failure to process into the
KWOC index each day the information about the reports that arrive
each day can cause a growing numbness of the system. Existence of
any backlog means that the most recently acquired reports are not
included in the listings. It is often these most recent which are
the most useful to the staff. It is easy to maintain throughput
in the system by injecting transfusions of extra help when it is
required.
42
The last item which must be mentioned is "documentation
aphasia." With the publication of this document all users of the
KWOC index have one central place to look for information about
its use. Despite the warnings, imprecations and bald threats from
the system developers (who we will soon discover were not as omni-
scient as we had thought) some changes to the KWOC system will even-
tually be made. Some of these will be made to adjust to new require-
ments or new resource situations, others will just be because "we
prefer to do it that way - and it doesn't make any difference does
it?." Whatever the reason for the change, it must be documented. If
changes are not documented sudden heart failure may result some day
when the whole system shuts down because the person who was keeping
track of all the changes stays home ill or is otherwise unavailable.
A well placed innoculation with a recording needle is the remedy for
the problem. All who change anything about the system or any of its
procedures must have the remedy applied promptly. Thus infused with
the desire to record their change, they will send their information
to:
Miss Paula Strain
MITRE Washington Library
43
ERIC
User
Please
Note;Appendix IIs
not
reproduced
here.
Appendix I
includedin
the
original
document
consistedof
a
sectionon
Indexing
fromthe
copyrighted
publication
Textbookon
Mechanized
Information
Retrievalby
Allen
Kent,
N.Y.,
Interscience
Publishers,
1962,
pp.
84-90.
ERIC/CLIS
APPENDIX II
REFERENCE DATA FOR CODING KWOC INPUT
Accession Number
- The first notation made on each input card, starting in card
column 1, will be the report accession number.
- A card sequence letter will be suffixed to the accession num-
ber on all cards after the first card. These will start with A and,
on succeeding cards letters B, C, D, etc. will be used as required.
No letter beyond Q in the alphabet will be used for card sequencing.
- In accessioning MITRE-generated documents or others which have
volumes, series, revisions, etc. in the accession number, use the fol-
lowing abbreviations (without punctuation):
V. .. Volume
S ... Series
R ... Revision
SP ... Supplement
X ... Correction
An example: WP1234V1S2R1SP3X2
WP1234V1S2R1SP3X2A
B
52
- The Technical t rs Section of the Library and Document
Control Department will sign different numbers to the different
volumes or supplements report from another agency than MITRE
(i.e., one accession , o each volume or part). MITRE-generated
documents will continue to use their own report number as an accessions
number in the Library. In cases where the number runs beyond 19
characters or there is other difficulty, the Technical Reports Staff
will consult Miss Strain so that a consistent policy for the Library
can be developed.
- The Technical Reports Section will use the control numbers
assigned by Document Control Department for classified documents
rather than reaccessioning them with a new number. The acronym for
the issuing agency, which Document Control uses as the first part of
the control number will, in the Library entry, be filed after the
control number, rather than before, for a more meaningful sort by the
computer.
- Classified reports will show the classification symbol in
parentheses, as part of the accession number character string after
the card sequence letter,
Examples:
W1234 /RAC(C)
WP1279(S)
53
Title
- The report title will be coded immediately after the accession
number character string, starting on the first card.
- Code just as in document, with minimal modifications.
- If a word in the title is also assigned as an index term, the
word in the title is coded with an asterisk following it.
Example:
A STUDY OF URBANIZATION* IN THE UNITED-STATES, PART-II
URBANIZATION* is an index term as well as a title keyword.
UNITED-STATES is hyphenated to prevent generation of sep-
arate listings for both words.
PART 2 is coded as PART- 2 to prevent separate listings
of "PART" and " 2."
- Terms in the title within quotation marks or inside parentheses
will be coded with the left-most quotation mark or parenthesis omitted
in order to avoid listing under ( in the snt sequence.
Example:
GROWTH OF URBANIZATION (URBGRO) IN "DISNEYLAND EAST"
would be coded:
GROWTH OF URBANIZATION URBGRO) IN DISNEYLAND EAST"
- Normally, terms in titles will not be abbreviated. Where
abbreviation is desired, only abbreviations from the Library Clerk's
list of acceptable abbreviations will be used. This list is kept in
her KWOC notebook.
54
Author
- Each author's name is coded, with a dash preceding the first
letter of the last name. Initials only follow the last name. No
given names are spelled out. They are connected to the last name by
periods so that the character-string is treated as a single group.
Junior or III are added to the name entry after the last name and before
the initials, 9nly for authors of MITRE Papers. No titles are coded.
Example:
-BENDERSON.D.D. -MAISH.A.M. -MORAN.C.V.-PETTIBONE.JR.R.O.
If the document lists a single author with ET AL tither
than a number of names, ETAL is used.
Example:
-FLURY.W.R.ETAL
A group author like SASH SUPPORT GROUP is coded as a
single group with hyphens as connectors.
Example:
-SASH- SUPPORT -GROUP
Index Terms
- Index terms are coded with an asterisk directly following the
last letter.
COMPUTERS* PROGRAMMING*
COMPUTER-PROGRAMMING*
PROGRAMMING-LANGUAGES*
55
Date
- Coded as last two digits of year, month number, and day, pre-
ceded by a slash /
(YYMMDD)
30 December 1969 is /691230
(with no blanks between characters)
MITRE Department
- Indicate Department by .D or .0 followed by hyphen followed by
Department number in two digits.
.D-02
.D-24
.C-70
MITRE Project Number
- Project/Task number preceded by percent sign
231.5.0
- DCA Program Line Item (PLI) numbers are appended co the Task
number by a slash /
231.5.0/20601.1234A
AD Number, alsoNASA and CFSTI Numbers
- Preceded by sign. No embedded blanks or commas
eAD896543 N70-14321 P8170246
Corporate Report Number
- Preceded by colon: No embedded blanks or commas
:JWA-100-54
56
Corporate Source
- Preceded by * linked by - if required
*RAND
*ARMY-AUTOMOTIVE-COMMAND
- Abbreviations are being used for certain corporate sources
whose reports make up a large number of entries in the collection.
The complete list of corporate source conventions is maintained by
the Library Aide in her KWOC notebook.
57
APPENDIX III
RUN PROCEDURES
Monthly Run Procedure (May be run less frequently)
- On Thursday afternoon take the most recent week's input cards
just returned from keypunch and submit them to the Computer Center as
a job with the CHECKOUT procedure. (This is the same as the weekly
run procedure but is run with only one week's input.) See Figure III-1
for deck setup.
- Friday morning: get the CHECKOUT output listing. Make the
corrections to the cards, and then put them in the deck with all the
other cards from the past three weeks. This has to be done by 5:00
p.m. Friday because computer time is allotted for the run on Sunday
night. Do not add any new cards after finding the ones that need cor-
rection. Any late keypunching must await the next week's run.
- Submit the data cards with the appropriate control cards for
the multistep job CUMULIST, JOB 1 of 2. (See Figure III-2J You have
to specify on the Job Request Card that output must be suitable for
reproduction.
The entries in columns 21-26 will cause suppression of any of
the portions of the listing related to contract number, Department, Cor-
porate Source, Date, Project, Corporate Report No. and AD No. Only the
basic bibliographic entry, the author listing, and the subject index
will be printed.
58
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The "suppress" control card for the print program in this run
is keypunched as follows:
Columns 1-20, date desired on printout; e.g., 31 March 1971
Column 21
Column 22
Column 23
Column 24
Column 25
Column 26
Column 27
Be sure to specify on the Job Request that the printing is to
be reproduced. If more than one copy is desired, specify "Repeat Print."
This output is the monthly Accessions List.
- For JOB 2, PRINT, which is run immediately behind JOB 1, the
control card contains the usual information and the extra notations "To
be printed on striped paper" and "Repeat Print 3 copies." The output of
this run is the KWOC listing which is put out for users in the Library.
See figure 111-3 for input deck setup. The control card for JOB 2 is
keypunched as follows:
Columns 1-20 contain the date desired on printout
Column 21
All other columns are left blank. The + in column 21 will cause
the contract number portion of the listing to be suppressed. (Column 21
is the only column currently used.)
62
Weekly Run Procedure
- Monday through Thursday: code input data for all the accessions
in one week; get the data keypunched, a few sheets at a time, so it is
done by Thursday afternoon. Also, correct previous week's data cards
on Monday.
63
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Anestimate of the numbfr
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The
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thousand per month.
The total
number is that of the last
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added in -cmmuurr. procedure.
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"CUMULIST"
- Monday: have the cards sorted alphabetically on columns 7-1
so that the corrections can be made easily.
- Friday afternoon: submitthe computer job, with request card
and control cards for the procedure called WEEKLY; computer time is
reserved for Sunday night/Monday morning (See Figure 111-4 for the
job deck setup). The "suppress" control card is keypunched as follows:
Columns 1-20, Date (enter in numeric form or with months
spelled ouc).
Column 21, 92 sign to suppress printing of contract number listing.
Columns 22-28, other characters that designate parts of the
listing you want to suppress (Examples: colon to suppress corporate
report number, period to suppress department number),
Monday morning: pick up the weekly cumulative acquisition print-
out listings. Check them for coding errors. Make a list of corrections.
Put the new listings out for library use by noon Monday.
Make keypunch corrections to cards and examine them to make sure the
punches are not "off gauge." Duplicating on the keypunch sometimes
introduces punching position of alignment errors into cards that were
previously all right. Insert corrections into the deck and hold them
for the next weekly run. The corrected cards will appear in the fol-
lowing week's run.
- Second and third week, add new punched cards to the back of
deck after they have been sorted together, alphabetically, on columns
7 through 1. The sorting is for convenience in finding the cards that
65
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67
CUMULIST
JOB I OP 2
PROCEDURE
LIBRARY
PROGRAM CONTROL
CARD
DATE
SORE THE
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PASS
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DATE +
RUN *MC 2
(PRISM)
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SUPPRESS +
PRINTED
ACCESSIONS LIST
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!,TrunotAntic
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YES
INCREMENTR.9 NY ONE
SET RIEQUAL TO 0
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INSCRT CHARACTERrunt/WCINDEXED KY R4INTO R.5
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CLEAR REGISTERSFOR TEMPORARYUSE
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FIGURE IV -2PROGRAM FLOW CHART FOR KWOC I
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IS WORDSAME AS ONE INTABLE?
ES
INCREMENT COUNT,ADDRESS ANDCET NEXTWORD
IS COUNTCOMPLETED
Rb 79?
NO
Rb 78?ADD ONE 70R.b
FIGURE IV- 2 (CONT'D)PROGRAM FLOW CHART FOR KWOC I
71
[S I O kJ.: REGISTERSSET UP N. 1.2 ASVASE MISTER
OPEN
DATA SETS
IUAD L IN KE1.. 2FOR SWITCH FORFIRST 11FADI9,
CLEAR RF.CISIE.1.ii - 9
INSERT 'A'IN REG. 9
WAD I IN REG. 10AS SWITCH FoRFIRST ALPHACHARACTER
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PRINT AREA
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IPUT DATEFROM 1999991619999916CARD INTOTDP1.INE
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GO TOLOOP(C)
FIGURE I1-3PROGRAM FLOW CHART FOR KWOC 2 PROGRAM
72
1
crr A RECORDP100 INDC11(TAPE OF DISE)
CONFARE FIRSTCHAR ACTER WI' IIINOPRINT CHARACTERINDERED PT 0, 1
ITS
NO
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1IA0F.ALL NOPRINT
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YES
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RELOAD R. 3
WITH ADDRESSOF NOPRINT
3FUT FIRSTCHARACTER OFRECORD IN R. 4
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IT IS I IF T1115IS THE FIRST TIHF.FOR THIS CHARACTER
ARE THEY((CAL?
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101067 FIRSTCHARACTER INR.
ES ARE
TILES E, AL!
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EQUAL TO0
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KT A MANX INFIRST CHARACTER,PRINT POSITION
( A TOHEADING(A)
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PRINT 7110RECORD
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MISTERS
S."1 IC11 COO FIRST
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INDEX FON NoFRIN1CONTAINS FIRST CHARACTER.
I. CiulMACIEN COUNTERFIRST CliAAACTER SWitCH
If INDEX TO NOPRINTFIRST CHARACTER 1107D ;
9 CONIAINS 'A'0 SWITCH FOR FIRsi A
RASE 1101:15) ER
FIGURE IV- 3 (CONVO)PROGRAM FLOW CHART FOR KWOC 2 PROGRAM
73
KEV.IORD CLI CE CCkTEAT 1KWCC1 FECURC GENERATION
PAGE
2
(palm 1
lote
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OBJECT CUE
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F30SEP69
6/17/70
3THIS PROGRAM CONSIDERS AS 41E1/WADS ANY AND ALL CHARACTER STRINGS
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::::::::
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::::::::
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F30SEP69
PAGE
3
4/17/70
69
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
Becker, Joseph and Robert M. Hayes, Information Storage and Retrieval:Tools, Elements. Theories, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1963.
Bourne, C. P., Methods of Information Handling, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,New York, 1963.
Cuadra, Carlos A., ed., American Documentation Institute Annual Reviewof Information Science and Technology, Vol. 1, John Wiley& Sons, Inc., New York, 1966.
Finerman, A. and L. Revens, eds., Permuted Subject Index to ComputingReviews 1964-1965, Association for Computing Machinery,New York, 1964.
Fischer, M., "The KWIC Index Concept: A Retrospective View," AmericanDocumentation, 17(4), 1366.
Holm, B. E., How to Manage Your Information, Rheinhold Book Corporation,New York, 1968.
Kent, A., Textbook on Mechanized Information Retrieval, IntersciencePublishers, New York, 1962.
Kraft, D. M., "A Comparison of Keyword-In-Context (KWIC) Indexing ofTitles with a Subject Heading Classification System," Ameri-can Documentation, 15(1), 1964.
Linder, L. H., "Comparative Costs of Document Indexing and Book Cata-loging," Special Libraries 56, Lecember, 1965.
ienner, R. J., "The Practice of Charging Users for Information Services:A State of the Art Report," Journal of the American Societyfor Information Science 21(1), 1970.
Sharp, John R., Some Fundamentals of Information Retrieval, Longon House& Maxwell, New York, 1965.
Strain, P. M., KWIC and Easy? A Librarian's View of a Computer Based.Technical Reports Announcement 5,-stem, IBM Corporation,Space Guidance Center, Owego, New York, Report No. 64-825-1164.
Williams, W. F., Principles of Automated Information Retreival, TheBusiness Press, Elmhurst, Illinois, 1965.
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