DOCUMENT RESUME

ED 261 235 CE 042 462

TITLE Signal and Communications. Progress Record and TheoryOutline.

INSTITUTION Connecticut State Dept. of Education, Hartford. Div.of Vocational-Technical Schools.

PUB DATE 84NOTE 77p.PUB TYPE Guides - Classroom Use - Guides (For Teachers) (052)

EDRS PRICEDESCRIPTORS

MF01/PC04 Plus Postage.Academic Achievement; Behavioral Objectives; CheckLists; *Communications; Competency Based Education;Electrical Systems; Electric :Batteries; ElectricCircuits; *Electricity; Electronic Equipment;*Electronics; Guidelines; Job Skills; Magnets;Measurement Equipment; Measurement Techniques;Physics; *Power Technology; Recordkeeping; SecondaryEducation; Student Records; *Technical Education;*Telecommunications; Television; Transistors

ABSTRACTThis combination progress record and course outline

is designed for use blr individuals teaching a course in signals andcommunications. Included among the topics addressed in the course arethe following: matter, the nature of electricity, dry cells andbatteries, Ohm's law, power, magnetism, measurement instruments,Kirchoff's laws, electromagnetic induction and inductance,capacitance, electric circuits, resonance, transformers,semiconductors, rectifiers, power supplies, transistors, electronicsystems, integrated circuits, amplifiers, codes, alarms, cabletelevisions, safety, customer relations, and business practices. Inaddition to the theory outline, which includes space for recordinginformation concerning the scheduling and presentation of the lessonmaterial, this record book also contains a list of course objectivesand a grid listing each of the individual tasks dealt with in thecourse, which is des.l.gned for use in recording each student's masteryof each specific skill. (MN)

************************************************************************ Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made *

* from the original document. *

***********************************************************************

PROGRESS h.. CORD

AND

THEORY OUTLINE

SIGNAL AND COMMUNICATIONS

DIVISION OF VOCATIONAL-TECHNICAL SCHOOLS

CONNECTICUT DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

1983-1984

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION1UE CATiONAL RESOURCES 1NFORMA (ION

CENTER IERICI

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ment do not neteSSanty ref:Resent otrICgt MEpos4ron or poky

-PERMIrSION TO REPRODUCE THISMATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY

TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCESINFORMATION CENTER iERICI

PREFACE

The objective of the Assignment Book is to reduce

unnecessary paper work on the part of the shop instructor.

This Assignment Book will assist the instructor to

keep student records up to date.

In shops doing production work it is necessary to

devise flexible daily lesson plans well in advance. This

Assignment Book will assist the instructor in planning and

organizing considerably in advance, thereby increasing his

instructional efficiency.

Please note that this book is designed for planning.

It has areas for locker assignments, text assignments_ notes,

etc. Students names are entered only once for the entire

course.

1

,.. SIGNAL AND COMMUNICATIONS

COURSE OBJECTIVES

The S.gnal and Communications course ofstudy is designed to provide studentswith advanced standing in the signaland communications program.

The course will help the studentdevelop a systematic analyticalapproach to solving trade problemsand acquire the appropriate basictheoretical concepts and manual skillsof the trade. The student will learn toapply proper trade safety practices.

To accomplish this the student will pro-ceed through experiences i't shop andtheory that will enable them to:

1. Properly select and use basichand and electric tools of thetrade.

2, Apply basic skills in Principles ofDirect Current Electricity.

3. Demonstrate the apprentices' abilityto wcrk with and install equipmentwith tools, ladders, fasteners andrelated construction equipment.

4. Demonstrate knowledge of and abilityto select and use proper test equip-ment.

5. Install materials,*wires, wiringmethods, and systems related to thesignal and communications trade.

6. Demonstrate basic knowledge of signal,communications and alarm systems.

7. Apply basic knowledge of alternatingcurrent electricity, the language,the laws, basic components, and basicmanual skills.

8. Demonstrate an ability to work withbasic solid state circuits and devices.

9. Apply the applicable codes and standardsin installing systems.

10. Work with proper business practice andwork ethics

- 2 -

.4

4

Identify screwdrivers

Use pliers

Use crimping tools

Use wrenches

Use socket sets

Use wood chisel

Use cold chisel

(A)

Use hand saw

Use hack saw

Use knife

Use awl

Use hammers

Use plumb bob

Use level

Use key hole saw

4

Use nut drivers

Cut with circularswCut with sabresaw

.L-

Cut with recipro-cating saw

I

Cut with band saw

Cut with nibbler

Drill wood

Drill steel

Drill masonry

Drill with hammerdrill

1

fUse drill - heavyduty

78

t's

M0H7iH0H00M

Fasten withelectric tool

Use solder iror.

_______

Use extensionrnrds

Use ground fault

Drill in wood/masonry

Toggle/molly bolts

Wood/sheet metalscrews

Machine screws/bolts

Common/finish nails

With adhesives

Expansion shield

caro t10ct 1-31-4 P*0 II0 0roQ. 00

4

Drill holes

Grind drills

Layout and center*punch

Counterbore

Ream

File (rough)

File (finish)

Chip and cut withchisel

Use poartable drill

__Apply cutting oil

Use hand adjustabledies

1i12

>U)H0

0=Hz

0Pd2q

Sharpen drill bits

Rough drill in avise

Hand tap & ream

Use micrometer

Dress a screwdriverSharpen handtools

Climb on stepladderRaise and climbextension ladderAss amble and climbscaffolding

Wear safety harness

'Raise, lowerequipment/ladder

13

0

Raise/lower equip/scaffolding

Rigging

Identify wiret DesIdentify insulationtypes

Strip wire hand

Strip wire(stripper)

Strip wire(Electric tool)Connect wire toscrewConnect pinconnectors

Identify connectors

Make T.V. cableconnect

15 16

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HH0Z

Make telephonewire connect

make Fiberopticconniact

Use tapeUse insulatedconnector

Use heat shrinkinsulation

Identify insulation

Identify metal wire

Run single wire

Run multiple cableconductor

Run messenger

Run FiberopticcableRun preassembledcable

Calculate sizes

Cut and ream

Install fittings/boxes

Install inside/outside typesHand bend 907offsetPower bend 907offsetConnect to flexibleconduit

Adapt to metalm.uldinInstall supportclamps

19

Calculate size

Install conduit

Hand bend 907offseIPower bend 907offset

Thread by hand

Thread/power

KO punches hand

KO punches power

Pull wire, hand

Pull wire, power

Connect flexible...

Install sealtightInstall hangers/racks

Install channel/angle ironInstall locknuts/bushings

7Z)H0H

HX

0zHH

Install boxes/fittings

Install hazardousarpac

Install damp areas

Install thru firerarpd wallsInstall thru firerated floors

Calculate P.V.C.size

Cut P.V.C.

Ream P.V.C.

Fish wires inP.V.C.Apply P.V.C.ppmpnr

Use P.V.C. coupling

Use P.V.C.nnnnprfinrs

P.V.C. boxes

2 4

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Cut/ream

Install fittings/boxes

Mount and fasten

Bend offset

Ground

Install overheadbusInstall overheadwirewaysInstall underfloor busInstall bus dr6psand switches

Install prefabharnpcc

Install pole drops

26

Install prewiredpartitionsInstall computerwiring

Measure Multimeter

Measure T.M.

Measureoscillos-xTe

Measure audl)oscillafs,-Measure ctgitalreadmit i-struments

Meaor-P differen-tial %tmezar-A .:

Construct ammeter

Conr-:.ruct volt-Illel-

Te t tube tester

28

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Use Power supply o imo cn0HmUse stroboscope 1-' Di0 .0

Use frequency GCD Hfa* I'dmeter

Transducers (light)

Transducers(proximity)

Transducers(crystal)

Transducers(magnetic)

Transducers(heat/thermal)

Transducers(frequency)

Digital FrequencyControl

30

Install demarcationdevicesInstall prewireddevices

Install modularacks

Install specialty. .

Install ada.tersInstall outdooracks

NM Install hazardous- iis

Install cord-.... *-

Install withsecial tools

Install residential

Ire junctions

Install commercial

Install KTSs stem

Install cellularradio

InQtall networkint_ .ration

_

Install centrals stems

Perform testing

Install fiberoptic-11

Identify systemom*onents

Wire switches

Wire photoelectric

Wire sonar system

Wire capacitanceinductance

'Wire sound detector

0 00 34

Wire under carpetc>rx

b-cKmtri

En

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0ma...

Wire controlstation

Wire horns/alarms

Wire telephoneinterfaceWire supervisedsystem

Install residential

Install commercial

Install industrial

Install computerintrarfaop

_1

35 36

Identifcomponents

system

Install pull,ptations

Install heatdetectors

Install smokedetectors

Install gas

Install lightI

Install horns

Install flowswitchesInstall centralCation

Install radiocontrolledInstall master

u eX

InstAll municipalinterface

Install residential

Install commercial

Install industrial

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Install telephoneint xi ac_eInstall annunciatorsysteTu

Perform systemchecksPerform firealarm checks

Pefform burglaralarm checksTest telephonecircuits

Perform periodictests

LAB EXPERIMENTS

SIGNAL AND COMMUNICATIONS

GRADES 10, 11, 12

-21 -

LAB EXPERIMENTS

BASIC ELECTRICITY

1. Electronic Components and their symbols

2. The Schematic Diagram

3. Familiarization with hand tools used in electronics

4. Soldering Techniques

5. VTVM Familiarization

6. Resistor Color Code

7. Dry Cells and Measurement of D-C Voltage

OHM'S LAW

1. The Series Circuit

2. Characteristics of a parallel circuit

3. Characteristics of Series Parallel Circuits

4. Kirchhoff's Laws (For one Generator)

5. Voltage Divider Circuits (unloaded)

6. Voltage Divider Circuits (loaded)

7. Characteristics of a D-C Meter Movement

8. Voltmeter Multipliers

9. Current-Meter Shunts

BASIC ELECTRICITY

1. The Series Ohmmeter

2. Use and Care of the VOM

3. Oscilloscope Operation

4. Oscilloscope Voltage Calibration

5. Characteristics of an Inductance

6. Inductances in Series and in Parallel

7. Capacitor Color Code and Testing Capacitors

8. Characteristics of a Capacitor

9. Total Capacitance of Capacitors in Series and in Parallel

10. Impedance of a Series RL Circuit

42- 22 -

LAB EXPERIMENTS(Continued)

11. Impedance of a Series RC Circuit

12. Characteristics of Series-Resonant Circuits

13. Characteristics of Parallel Resonant Circuits

14.Transformer Characteristics

BASIC ELECTRONICS

1. Semiconductor-Diode Characteristics

2. Zener-Diode Characteristics

3. Vacuum Tubes: Diode Characteristics

4. Half-wave and full -wave Rectification

5. Transformer Power Supply and Filter

6. Silicon and Selenium Half-wave-Rectifier Power Supplies7. The voltage doubler

8. The Bridge Rectifier

9. Transistor Familiarization

10. Transistor Characteristic Curves and Transistor Data11. Characteristics of a Cathode-Ray Tube

12. Tube, Transistor, and Solid-StateDiode testing13. The A "C Amplifier

14. Common-Base Amplifier

15. Cascaded Transistor Amplifiers

16. The Loudspeaker

17. Transistor Phase Inverter

18. Push-Pull Power Amplifier

19. Frequency Response of an audio Amplifier

20. Resistance and voltage analysis of a transistor audioAmplifier

21. Transistor Phase-shift Oscillator

22, Transistor Multivibrator

23. Transistor sawtooth generator

24. Transistor voltage-mode trigger

25. The silicon controlled rectifier

26. Integrated circuits: the linear amplifier

27. Integrated circuits; the audio frequency medium-poweramplifier

THEORY OUTLINE INDEX

I. ORIENTATION

II. MATTER

III. NATURE OF ELECTRICITY

IV. DRY CELLS AND BATTERIES

V. RESISTANCE

VI. OHM'S LAW

VII. POWER

VIII. MAGNETISM

IX. D-C MEASURING INSTRUMENTS

X. KIRCHHOFF'S LAWS AND APPLICATIONS

XI. T, H, AND I NETWORKS

XII. ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION AND INDUCTANCE

XIII. CAPACITANCE

XIV. GENERATING ALTERNATING EMF

XV. RESISTANCE IN A-C CIRCUITS

XVI. USE OF A SIGNAL GENERATOR AS A SIGNAL SOURCE

XVII. COILS IN A-C CIRCUITS

XVIII. RESONANCE

XIX. TRANSFORMERS

XX. PERIODIC NONSINUSOIDAL VOLTAGES AND CURRENTS

XXI. THREE-PHASE SYSTEMS

XXII. CODE AGENCIES AND CODES

XXIII. SEMICONDUCTOR PRINCIPLES

XXIV. SOLID-STATE-DIODE LOGIC CIRCUITS

XXV. RECTIFIERS

XXVI. POWER SUPPLIES

XXVII. SILICON CONTROLLED RECTIFIERS (SCR)

XXVIII. FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTOR (FET)

XXIX. INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

XXX. AN ELECTRONIC SYSTEM--TRAN. CATHODE-RAY OSCILLOSCOPE

XXXI. TRANSISTORS

XXXII. TRANSISTOR DATE (MANUFACTURER'S SPECIFICATIONS)

XXXIII. AMPLIFIERS

XXXIV. CODES

XXXV. ALARMS

XXXVI. CABLE TV

XXXVII. SAFETY

XXXVIII. CUSTOMER RELATIONS AND BUSINESS PRACTICES

THEORY OUTLINE

Z. ORIENTATION

A. Occupational Analysis

1. Development of the ElectronicsIndustry

2. Employment Opportunities3. Employment Requirements and Trade

Practices4. Safety

B. Shop Practices

1. Care and use of common hand tools

a. Safety

2. Care and use of power tools

a. Safety

3. Wire stripping, splicing, and solder-ing techniques

a. Safety

II. MATTER

A. What matter isB. MoleculesC. AtomsD. Elements and compoundsE. Structure of the atom

1. Electrons and proton - charge2. Nucleus3. Neutrons and other particles4. Orbits, shells, free electrons,

energy levels5. Atomic model

F. Ions

III. NATURE OF ELECTRICITY

A. Static electricityB. Law of &lectric charges; electric fieldsC. Current

1. Conventional current2, Movement of negative charges -

electron current3. Current in semiconductors - holes and

the movement of positive charges

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D. Electrical potential or emfE. Electrical units and their symbols

1. Coulomb2. Volt3. Ampere4. Ohm5. Watt

F. Opposition to direct current

1. Insulators2. Resistors3. Conductors4. EIA resistor color code

G. The electric circuit-control of current

1. Circuit diagram

a. The voltage sourceb. The loadc. The path of current

2. Mechanical equivalent - the hydraulicsystem

3. Measurement in the electric circuit,use of

a. The voltmeterb. The ammeterc. The ohmmeter

H. Scientific notation

1. Operations with exponents2. Expressing large and small numbers as

powers of 103. Significant figures4. Prefixes, their meaning and use in

electronics: tera giga, mega, kilo,deca, centi, micro, nano, oico

I. Computations with the calculator

1. Types of calculators2. Nature of the calculator presentations3. Reading the presentations4. Calculator accuracy5. Multiplication6. Division7. The inverse calculations8. Squares and square roots9. The trigonometric calculator

10. The log calculator11. The log-log calculator

- 26-46

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J. Sources of EMF

1. Chemical2. Mechanical3. Thermal4. Peizoelectric5. Photoelectric6. ktomic7. Solar3. Bionic

IV. DRY CELLS "OD BNTTETtIES

A. Dry cells

1. Construction2. Chemical action3. Cell types4. Rechargeable cells5. Shelf life for primary cells6. Combination of cells7. Applications

B. Dry batteries

1. Construction2. Types3. Uses in electronics

C. Secondary cells - lead-acid cell

1. Construction2. Action3. Charge and discharge

D. Storage batteries

1. Construction2. Electrolyte aod electrodes3. Storage Capacity and ratings4. Recharging and care of batteries

a. Commerical chargersb. Charge and discharge rate

V. RESISTALICE

A. Mature of resistanceB. Factors affecting resistance of metallic

conductors of uniform cross-sectional area

1. Resistivity2. Length3. Area4. Temperature and temperature coefficient

- 27 - 47

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C. Mil and the circular milD. Wire gauge and wire tablesE. Linear resistors

1. Fixed

a. Carbonb. Wire-wound

2. Variable

a. Potentiometerb. Adjustable (wire-wound)c. Rheostat

F. nonlinear

1. Thyrite2. Thermistor3. Voltage-dependent resistor (VDR)--

Varistor

G. ConductanceH. Use of resistors in electronics

VI. OHM'S LAW

A. Quantitative and descriptive statementsof OHM's Law

B. ApplicationsC. D-C Circuits--analysis and computation

of E, I, and R

1. Series circuits2. Parallel circuits3. Series- parallel circuits4. The black box concept5. Circuit analysers by assuming a

current or voltage

D. Voltage divider circuit

1. Unloaded2. Loaded

VII. POWER

A. Work and energyB. PowerC. Maximum power transferD. Efficiency

- 28 - 48

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VIII. MAGNETISM

A. Types and shapes of magnets

1. Natural and artificial2. Permanent and temporary3. Electromagnets

B. Molecular theory of magnetismC. Law of magnetic attraction and repulsion

1. Lines of force--flux2. Field intensity--flux density3. Poles of a magnet

D. Magnetic fieldsE. Magnetic properties of materials

1. Permeability and relative permeability2. Reluctance3. Retentivity

F. Electromagnetism

1. Relation of magnetic field around aconductor carrying current

a. To direction of current flowb. Amount of current flow

2. Magnetic field around a coil3. Magnetomotive force4. Magnetic units, systems, and symbols

a. Mks and cgs systemsb. Ampere-turn and the Gilbertc. Maxwell and the Weberd. Gausse. Oersted

5. The magnetic circuit6. Ohm's law for the magnetic circuit7. Magnetization (B -II} curves8. Hysteresis9. Eddy currents

10. Magnetic shielding

IX. D-C MEASURIAG IASTRUMENTS

A. Construction of a moving-coild meterB. Operation of a meter movementC. Meter-movement sensitivity

- 294 9

D. The ammeter

1. Shunts--multirange and ring (Ayrton)-type

2. Shunt calculations3. Switching circuits for multirange

ammeter and miliammeter4. Circuit-loading effects

E. The voltmeter

1. Multipliers2. Multiplier calculations3. Switching circuits for multirange

voltmeters4. Ohms/volt sensitivity5. Circuit-loading effects

F. The ohmmeter

1. The series ohmmeter2. The shunt ohmmeter3. Ohmmeter calculations4. The ohmmeter scale

a. Characteristicsb. Calibrating the ohmmeter scale

G. A commerical VOM

1. Circuit arrangement2. Sensitivity3. Scales4. Use and care of the VOM

H. Wheatstone bridge

X. KIRCHHOFF'S LAWS AND APPLICATIONS

A. Superposition Theorem and ApplicationsB. Thevenin's Theorem and ApplicationsC. Norton's Theoz,m and ApplicationsD. Delta-Y and Y-Delta Transformations

XI. T, H, AND I NETWORKS

A. Bridge circuitsB. Pads and attenuators

XII. ELECTROMAOETIC INDUCTION AND INDUCTANCE

A. Nature of the induced emf

1. Factors determining its magnitude,its direction

2. Faraday's law3. Lenz's law

- 30 - 50

B. Inductance

1. Self-inductance2. Mutual inductance3. Calculating total inductance of

a. Coils in seriesb. Coils in parallel

C. Current rise and fall in an inductivecircuit

1. Pure inductance2. Inductance containing resistance3. Time constant in inductive circuit

D. Energy stored in a magnetic field

XIII. CAPACITANCE

A. Electric charge and the electric fieldB. CapacitanceC. Electron theory of capacitor action on:

1. Charge2. Discharge

D. Factors affecting capacitance

1. Plate area2. Separation between Plates3. Dielectric

E. Unit of capacitanceF. Charge (q) on a capacitorG. Leakage resistanceH. Types of capacitors

1. Fixed capacitors and their applicationsin electronics

a. Paper and molded tubularb. Micac. Ceramic, disc, and molded ceramic

(temperature coefficient)d. Oile. Electrolytic

1. Principle of operation2. Action of dielectric3. Forming voltage4. Wet and dry electrolytics5. Capacitor blocks6. A-C electrolytic

f. Tantalum and other types

- 31 -51

2. Variable capacitors and their use

a. Controls

1. Construction2. Capacitance range3. Ganged capacitors

b. Trimmers

1. Construction2. Capacitance range

3. Distributed capacitance of

a. Wireb, Coilsc. Stray and circuit capacitance

I. Voltage Characteristics of capacitors

1. Nonelectrolytic

a. Operating voltageb. Breakdown voltage

2. Electrolytic

a. DCWVb. Peakc. Surged. Leakage currente. Temperature characteristics

J. Capacitor combinations

1. Series arrangement

a. Total capacitanceb. The capacitive voltage divider

2. Parallel arrangement--total capacitance3. Series-parallel combinations- -

total capacitance

K. RC time constant

1. Direct current and voltage changeversus time on capacitor charge

2. Direct current and voltage changeversus time on canacitor discharge

3. Universal time-constant chart

L. Energy stored in a capacitor

52- 32-

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M. Testing capacitors

1. Static tests (ohmmeter orcapacitance bridge)

a. Capacitanceb. Shortsc. Opensd. Leakage

2. Dynamic tests using

a. Capacitance tester for leadage orb. VTVM (voltage function) for leakager. nnen-short-intermittent checker

XIV. GENERATING ALTERNATING EMF

A. Simple rotating a-c generator and how itworks

B. A-C cycle and how it is plottedC. The Sine Wave and how it is used

1. Definition, sine of an angle2. Generated a-c wave and its relation

to the sine wave3. Characteristics of sine wave

a. Amplitudeb. Frequencyc. Period

4. Values of sinusoidal a-c voltage

a. Instantaneousb. Peak and peak-to-peakc. Averaged. RMS

5. Meaning of phase and phase angle6. Phasor (vector) representation of

sinusoidal alternating current

a. Rotating vector--the ohasorb. Phase relationships shown by nhasorsc. Vector notationd. Vector componentse. Vector addition

D. A C Measurement

1. Oscilloscope operation--use for

a. Observing waveformb. Measuring voltage (voltage

calibration)c. Checking frequency to

1. Comparison method2. Lissajous patterns

2. A-C voltmeter, A-C ammeter

XV. RESISTANCE IN A-C CIRCUITS

A. Instantaneous current in a resistanceB. Power in a resistanceC. Inductance, Capacitance, and Resistance

in A-C Circuits

1. Phase relationship between voltage andcurrent in a pyre inductance

2. Phase relationship between voltage andcurrent in a pure capacitance

3. :nature of reactance and computation of:

a. XL

b. X

4. Power in a reactance5. Phasor representation of XL and XC

6. The j operator and complex algebranotation; use in a-c analysis

D. Impedance, Current, Voltage, and Powerin A-C Circuits

1. Characteristics of impedance2. Impedance diagrams3. Calculation of impedance, phase current,

and voltage series

a. Resistive circuitb. RL circuitc. RC circuitd. !LC circuit

4. Conductance, susceptance, and admittance5. Parallel a -c circuits--caluclation of:

a. Impedanceb. Currentc. Voltaged. Equivalent series LCR circuit

6. Power in a-c circuits

a. True powerb. Apparent powerc. Power factor and power-factor correc-

tiond. Measuring power in a-c circuits

7. A4esistance, skin effect8. Circle diagram in series circuit

a. With fixed R and variable reactanceb. With fixed reactance and variable Rc. Phase-shift circuits

XVI. USE OF A SIGNAL GENERATOR (TEST OSCILLATOR)AS A SIGNAL SOURCE

XVII. COILS IN A-C CIRCUITS

A. Low-frequency coils-relationship of Lto number of turns, winding and core

B. High-frequency coils

1. Air core2. Powdered iron core3. Variable core

C. Distributed capacitance of windings

XVIII. RESONANCE

A. Series resonant circuit

1. Definition and resonant-frequencycalculation

2. Frequency-response characteristicsof a series LCR circuit. Graph of:

a. Z versus frequencyb. I versus frequencyc. Effect of R on I

3. The half-power points and definitionof bandwidth

4. Q defined; formula5. Effect of Q on bandwidth6. Selectivity of a series resonant circuit

B. Parallel resonant circuit

1. The ideal parallel resonant LC circuit(assuming no resistance)

a. Resonant-frequency calculationb. Variation of Z and I versus frequencyc. Q defined; formula and application

55- 35-

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2. The practical parallel resonant LCRcircuit (with resistance)

a. Definitions for resonant frequencyb. Related formulas for resonant

frequencyc. Q of a parallel resonant circuitd. Parallel-resonance response curves

for Z, E, and Ie. Bandwidth and Qf. Selectivity of parallel resonant

circuits

C. Determining the frequency-responsecharacteristics of resonant (turned)circuits

1. Point-by-point measurement with asignal generator and oscilloscope

2. Automatic plotting with a sweepgenerator and oscilloscone

D. Tuned circuits in electronics

1. Coil turned by its own and circuitcapacitances

2. Transmission line as a turned circuit3. Cavity used as a tuned circuit4. Antenna as a tuned circuit5. Tuned circuits for frequency selection6. Tuned filter circuits

XIX. TRAaSFORMERS

A. Mutual inductance and transformer actionof

1. Transformer with isolated winding2. Auto trans former

B. Characteristics

1. Stepup and stepdown2. Leakage3. Reflected impedance4. Turns ratio5. Transformation ratio for E and I

C. Impedance matching and Dower transferD. Types of transformers--their differences

and use in electronics

1. Core type2. Power transformers3. A-F transformers4. Tunel transformers

- 36-

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E. Transformer equivalent circuitsF. Frequency responseG. Transformer shieldingH. Transformer losses

Testing transformers

XX. PERIODIC NONSINUSOIDAL VOLTAGES AND CURRENTS

A. Harmonic contentB. Waveform characteristicsC. Circuit action

XXI. THREE-PHASE SYSTEM

A. Generation of three-phase voltagesB. Three-phase Y systemsC. Three-phase delta systemsD. Balanced and unbalanced

XXII. CODE AGENCIES AND CODES

A. N.E.C. - National Electric CodesB. F.C.C. - Federal Communications Commission

1. FCC regulations2. FCC standards

C. P.U.C. - Public Utilities RegulationsD. National Underwriters LaboratoryE. N.F.P.A. - National Fire Protective

AssociationF. 0.S.H.A. - Occupational Safety and Health

Act

XXIII. SEMICONDUCTOR PRINCIPLES

A. Structure of the atom

1. Nucleus and its charge2. Planetary electrons: electron rings,

free electrons and electrical conduc-tivity, valence electrons and chethicalactivity

B. Energy levels of planetary electronsC. Use of energy levels to explain electron

motion in:

1. Insulator2. Conductor3. Semiconductor

- 37 - 57

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D. Semiconductor materials and structure

1. Germanium2. Silicon

E. Adding impurities to semiconductors

1. Valence bond structure of puregermanium

2. Holes3. Doping germanium with donor and

acceptor impUrities

a. N tyne, its characteristics andenergy levels

b. P-type, its characteristics andenergy levels

F. Current carriers in N- and P-typesemi-conductors

1. Majority carriers2. Minority carriers

(;. P-N junctions and potential barrierH. Motion of current carriers in semiconductor

1. Holes2. Electrons

I. Avalanche3. Zener effectK. Semiconductor Diodes

1. Crystal diodes

a. Construction: circuit symbolb. Forward and reverse biasc. Current--voltage characteristicsd. Diode ratingse. Applications

2. Zener diodes

a. Construction; circuit symbolb. Current--voltage characteristicsc. Ratingsd. Applications

3. Tunnel diodes

a. Construction; circuit symbolb. Tunnel effectc. Current--voltage characteristicsd. Applications

58- 38 -

XXIV. SOLID-STATE-DIODE LOGIC CIRCUITS

A. ANDB. OR

XXV. RECTIFIERS

A. Semiconductor

1. Silicon

a. Constructionb. Theory of operationc. Characteristic curves

1. Forward current2. Reverse or leakage current3. Temperature effects4. Voltage -- resistance characteristic

d. Applications

XXVI. POWER SUPPLIES

A. Power-supply requirements for electronics1. D-C voltages

B. Power transformers in a-c supplies

1. Current and voltage characteristics ofa. Primary windingb. Secondary winding

2. Shielding of transformers

C. Rectification using R as load-no filter1. Half-wave - Comparison of input and

output

a. Voltage, waveformsb. Currentc. Frequency

2. Full-wave - Comparison of input andoutput

a. Voltage, waveformsb. Currentc. Frequency

3. Bridge rectifiers

I. Filtering action and filters

1. Capacitor input

a. Operationb. Effect of capacitor and inductor

(choke) size on filtering action(type)

c. Effect of load on rippled. Regulatione. Effect on regulation of adding

more sections to filter (brute force)2. Choke input

a. Effect on choke input on regulationand output voltage

b. When used

3. RC filters

a. Characteristicsb. When used

4. Bleeder resistor

E. A-C, D-C type power supply

1. Basic rectifier circuits2. U of protective resistors3. Common rectifiers used in a-c, d-c

supplies

F. Voltage doubler and tripler circuitsand their characteristics

1. Half-wave2. Full-wave

G. Maintenance problems

1. Common power-supply defects and theireffects on output voltage

a. Defective rectifierb. Defective input and output filter

capacitorsc. Open or shorted choke or filter

resistord. Defective power transformer, when usee. Defective switch, fusef. Open line-cord or protective resistorg. Short in external loadh. Line-voltage variations

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2. Locating the defect

a. Voltage readingsb. Resistance readingsc. Use of oscilloscope and a-c meter

to detect and measure a-c rippleand voltage

XXVII. SILICOI CONTROLLED RECTIFIERS (SCR)

A. Structure and useB. Theory of operation

1. Equivalent transistor arrangement2. Action of the gate

C. Characteristics and ratingsD. SCR-circuit applicationsE. Silicon controlled switch (SCS)

1. Structure and use2. Theory of operation

a. Equivalent transistor arrangementb. Action of the two gates

3. Characteristics and ratings4. Comparison with SCR5. Circuit applications

XXVIII. FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTOR (FET)

A. Structure and useB. Theory of operationC. Characteristics, ratings, and applicationsD. Unijunction transistor

1. Structure and use2. Theory of operation3. Characteristics, ratings and

applications

E. Backward diode

1. Characteristics2. Applications

XXIX. INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

A. Need for microelectronic circuitsB. Developments which led to ICs

1. Planar transistor technology2. Epitazial techniques3. Thin-film processes

- 41 - 61

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C. IC fabrication process

1. Processing the silicon wafer2. Epitazial growth3. Isolation masking4. Diffusion cycles5. Contacts for interconnections6. Wafer dicing7. IC packaging

D. Digital logic circuits from IOs

1. Direct-coupled transistor logic (DCTL)2. Resistor-transistor logic (RTL)3. Other logic methods

C. RTL logic block and basic logic circuits1. AND logic2. OR logic3. NOT logic4. NOR logic5. NAND gate

F. Multivibrators derived from IC NOR gates

1. One-shot multivibrator2. Schmitt Trigger3. Ramp-function generator

G. IC linear amplifier circuits

XXX. AN ELECTROAIC SYSTEM--TRANSISTORIZED CATHODE-RAY OSCILLOSCOPE

A. The systems approachB. From building block u.) system functionC. Transistorized CRO

1. Block diagram2. Individual circuit function and operatio

a. Vertical amplifierb. Time-base generatorc. Synchronizing the time-base generatord. CRT indicator circuitse. Power supply

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XXXI. TRANSISTORS

A. Junction Transistors

1. Construction2. Elements, their symbols and their

functions3. Grounded-base configuration

a. Biasing--NPN and PNP typesb. Control of currentc. Current gain: Ad. Voltage and rower gaine. Characteristic curves

4. Grounded- emitter configuration

a. Biasing and control of currentb. Current gain: Bc. Voltage and power gaind. Characteristic curves

5. Transistor equivalent circuits6. Transistor as an amplifier7. Hybrid parameters

B. Point-Contact Transistors

1. Construction2. Operation3. Gain

a. Currentb. Voltagec. Power

C. Transistor Properties

1. Frequency response2. Ooise factor3. Power handling capabilities4. Tennerature considerations

D. 2rmanium versus Silicon Transistors

1. Comparison of properties2. Applications of each

XXXII. TRANSISTOR DATA (2IANUFACTURER'SSPECIFICATIONS)

k. Transistor defects and testing oftransistors

B. Recent develonnents in transistortechnology

- 43 - 63

C. Techniques in handling transistors

1. Tools required2. Temperature considerations

a. Operating temperaturesb. Heat-dissipation methods

3. Soldering in transistor circuits

a. Preparationb. Use of heat sinkc. Other considerations

4. Precautions in annlying nower totransistor circuits

a. Forward biasing of emitter-basecircuits

b. Reverse biasing of collector-basecircuits

c. Preventing runawayd. Care in operating transistor within

its rated characteristics

5. Measurements in transistor circuits

a. Use of VTVM for voltage measurementsb. Precautions in use of ohmmeter for

resistance checks of transistorlimitations of resistance measure-ments.

c. Use of micromilliammeter andmilliammeter for current measure-ments

d. Use of oscilloscope in observingand measuring signal voltages

D. Transistor Components

1. Miniaturization2. Capacitors

a. Electrolyticb. Nonelectrolytic

3. Resistors

a. ilattageb. Sizec. Fixed and variable

- 44 - 64

XXXII'. AMPLIFIERS

A. The Transistor Amplifier (groundedemitter)

1. Characteristic curves and transistorspecifications

2. Operating point3. Load line4. Bias circuits and stabli%ation5. Equivalent circuit and gain enuations6. Innut and output impedance

B. grounded-Base

1. Circuits and operation2. Load line and eauivalent circuits3. Characteristics

a. Gain equationsb. Input and output impedancec. Phase relationship between input

and output signal

C. Grounded circuits (emitter-follower)

1. Circuits and operation2. Equivalent circuits3. Characteristics

a. Gain equationsb. Input and output impedancec. Phase relationship between input

and output signals

D. Coupled Amplifiers

1. RC coupling2. Transformer coupling3. Impedance coupling4. Direct coupling

E. Freauency-Response characteristics ofamplifiers

1. Factors affecting frequency resnonse2. Equivalent circuits at:

a. Low freauenciesb. Mid frequenciesc. High freauencies

F. Classes of amplifier operations andcharacteristics

1. Class A, AB, and AB2

2. Class B3. Class C

65

PA

G. Power Amplifiers

1. Class A operation

a. Power calculationsb. Distortionc. Push -null operation and its

characteristics

2. Power comparison (decibels)3. Class B amplifier and its

characteristics4. Class C amplifier and its

characteristics

N. Phase-Inverter circuitsI. Inverse feedback

1. Gain equation2. Inverse feedback in tube amnlifiers3. Inverse feedback in transistor

amplifiers4. Effects of inverse feedback on:

a. Circuit stabilityb. Distortionc. Frequency responsed. Input impedance

J. Audio-frequency amplifiers (transistors)

1. Representative voltage amplifiers2. Representative power amplifiers3. The output transformer and its

characteristics for:

a. Transistors

4. The dynamic loudspeaker and itscharacteristics

5. Audio-amplifier controls

a. Volumeb. Tone

6. Teelniaues for determining amnlifierfrequency characteristics

7. Maintenance checks

a. Transistors as a source of troubleb. D=C voltage measurements and

interpretationc. A-C voltage measurements and

interpretationd. Resistance analysis, measurements,

and interpretation

-46 - 66

e. Signal substitution and signaltracing with:

1. Oscilloscope2. Output meter

f. Checking distortion with anoscilloscope

g. Precautions in injecting signalsinto transistor circuits

1. Limitation in amplitude ofsignal current which may beinjected

2. Manner in which signal nay becoupled into circuit

8. Audio Anplifier applications-representative circuits

a. For hearing aidsb. For PA systemsc. For phonographsd. For radio and television receivers

=XIV. CODES

A. N.E.C. - National Electric CodesB. F.C.C. - Federal Communications Commissio

1. F.C.C. Regulations2. F.C.C. Standards

C. P.U.C. - Public Utilities RegulationsD. N.U.L. - flational Underwriters LaboratoryE. N.F.P.A. - lational Fire Protection

AssociationF. 0.S.H.A. - Occupational Safety and Health

Act

XXV. ALARMS

A. Fire alarm basics

1. Control panels2. :formally- closed and normally-open

contacts in initiating devices3. Audible signal devices4. Audible signla symbols5. Audible signal circuits

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B. Types of Systems

1. Noncoded2. Zoned noncoded3. Remote station systems4. Auxiliary services5. Lock-in circuits6. Battery standby systems

C. Alarm initiating devices

1. Manual2. Automatic3. Automatic fire detectors4. Thermal detectors (fixed temperatures,

rate of rise and rate compensation)5. Fixed-temperature detectors

a. Spot type (unit type)

6. Restorable detectors7. lonrestorable detectors8. Line type9. Rate of rise detectors

D. Combustion products (smoke) detector

1. Photoelectric detector

a, Snottyne (unit type)b. Ionization typec. Infrared detectors

E. Switches on automatic fire extinguishingsystems

1. Water-flow switch on sprinkler system2. Alarm switches on fixed extinguishing

systems

F. Manual stations (breakglass or nonbreak-glass)

1. Boxes, fire alarm (non-coded)2. Break lass3. Audible ala,ms4. Bells5. Horns6. Chimes

'3'. Lamp annunciators

1. Back-lighted annunciators2. Graphic annunciators

6rs- 48 -

H. Installation Instructions for firealarm systems

1. Locations of corponents

a. Manual stationsb. Automatic fire detectors

2. Control panel3. Alarm indicating devices

a. Audible devicesb. Visual devices

I. Power Supplies

1. Local fire alarm systems

a. Two-wire suppliesb. Three-wire suppliesc. Storage batteries

J. Installation wiring

1. Inside wiring2. Low voltage applications3. Limited-energy applications4. System start-un procedures5. Check of installation wiring6. Test for shorts and onen7. Remote line resistor8. End of line resistor on control panel9.,Iklarm indicating device connected

in series10. Alarm indicating devices connected in

parallel circuits11. Polar zed diode type alarm indicating

devices connected in parallel circuits12. Annunciator circuit

K. Test for grounds

1. Visual inspection2. Check of power sources3. Alternating-current systems4. Jormal operation (supervisory condition

L. Supervision of circuits

1. Power supnly circuits2. Alarm initiating and indicating circuit3. Fuses4. Supnlementary circuits5. Annunciator circuits6. Alarm oneration7. Jarring test

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M. Burglar Alarms

1. Types of alarms

a. Rf wirelessb. Access controlc. Hard wire systemsd. Audio monitoringe. Beta logicf. Sound detectiong. Mechanical

2. Alarm control

a. Central stationb. TelephoneC. Computord. Local

3. Alarm sensors

a. Ultrasonicb. Magneticc. RFd. AFe. Motion

4. Component system.;

a. Alarm controlsb. Dialers and communicationsc. Wireless alarm systemd. Sensors, passive ultrasonic,

mechanicale. Accessories and modulesf. Alarm signals--bells, sirens, lightsg. Power supplies and batteriesh. Smoke detectorsi. Access controls--apartment alarms

XXXVI. CABLE TV

A. Head-end equipment

1. VHF amplifier2. UHF amplifier3. All channel cmplifier4. Channel converter5. Mixer-amplifier6. Trans and filters

B. Distribution of the signal

1. Splitters2. Tapoffs3. Wall outlet4. Cable termination5. Balun units

C.

Distribution

losses

1.

Isolation2. I

nsertion3.

Cable

loss

D.

Calculation

of

losses

1. Foam

cable2. S

plitter3.

Tanoffs

4.

Wall

outlet5.

Balun

unit

E.

System

with

multitaps

1.

Attenuation

(100'

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able)2. I

nsertion

loss

a.

2-way

splitterb.

2 multitaps

3.

Isolation

loss

a.

Tapoff

loss

F.

System

with

single

taps

1.

Attenuation

(100'

of c

able)2.

Insertion

loss

a.

4-way

splitterb.

Seven

tapoffs

c.

Each

tapoff

G.

Decibel

units

1. Power

ratios2. V

oltage

ratios3. R

eference

levels4. Adding

and

subtracting

DB

5. C

ommon

DB

valves6.

Decibel

conversion

charts

H.

Codes

1.

N.E.C.

-

National

Electric

Codes2. F

.C.C.

-

Federal

Communications

Commission

a.

FCC.

Regulationsb. FCC

Standards

3. P

.U.C.

-

Public

Utilities

Regulations4. N

.U.L.

National

Underwriters

Laboratory

5. N

.F.P.A.

-

National

Fire

Protection

Association6.

0.S.A.A.

-

Occupational

Safety

and

HealthAct

-

51 -

71

XXXVII. SAFETY

A. Eye

1. Glasses2. Shields

B. Correct Dress

1. Shoes2. Hair3. Clothing

C. Handling metalD. Correct use of toolsE. Correct use of machines and enuinmentF. Electrical precautionsG. Safety first and last

XXXVIII. CUSTOMER RELATIONS AM BUSINESS PRACTICES

A. Dress and appearance - first impressions

1. Clothing

a. 'Neatb. Clean

2. Personal appearance

a. Cleanlinessb. Personal hygienec. Manners

1. Polite2. Tactful

B. Courtesy to the customer

1. Telephone communication

a. Courteousb. Sincerec. Listend, clever argue, but stand on factse. .lisunderstanding produces ill will

- 52 -72

2. Association in person

a. Call customer by nameb. Pronounce name correctlyc. Efficient serviced. Brief, thoroughe. Satisfy complaintf. Enthusiasm about companyg. Enthusiasm about product

C. Customer psychology

1. ac t the customer's story2. Agreement precludes disagreement3, knowledge of product4. Ignorance kills customer confidence5. Show initiative

D. Business practices

1. Maintain good records

a. Customer filesb. Service callsc. Time spentd. Parts usede. Billingsf. Correspondenceg. Inventoryh. Service bulletinsi. Cost (all costs)j. Taxes (all taxes)k, cross income1. Net nrofit

E. Ethics

1. Workmanship2. Parts cost3. Labor cost4. Overhead cost5. Promptness6. Contractual and implied obligations7. Customer consideration

7 353-

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TITLE

BIBLIOGRAPHY

AUTHOR

DC CIRCUITS AND MEASUREMENTS: A Anderson, Santanelli andSELF INSTRUCTIONAL PROGRAMMED MANUAL Kulis

AC CIRCUITS AND MEASUREMENTS: ASELF INSTRUCTIONAL PROGRAMMED MANUAL Kulis

Anderson, Santanelli, and

SPECIAL PURPOSE TRANSISTORS, A SELFINSTRUCTIONAL PROGRAMMED MANUAL

TRANSISTOR CIRCUIT ANALYSIS ANDbESIGN, 3rd Ed.

Federal Electric Corp.

Fitchen

ELECTRICAL PRINCIPLES OF ELECTRONICS Gillis

BASIC ELECTRONICS, 2nd Ed. Grob

APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRONICS Grob and Kiver

INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRIC CIRCUITS3rd Ed.. Jackson

FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRONICS, 2nd Ed. Mandl

BASIC ELECTRICITY FOR ELECTRONICS Middleton and Goldstein

74

PUBLISHER

Prentice-Hall, Inc.Englewood Cliffs, N. J.

Prentice-Hall, Inc.Englewood Cliffs, N. J.

Prentice-Hall, Inc.Englewood Cliffs, N. J.

D. Van Nostrand Company, Inc.Princeton, N. J.

Mc-Graw Hill Book CompanyNew York

McGRaw-Hill Book CompanyNew York

McGraw-Hill Book CompanyNew York

Prentice-Hall, Inc.Englewood Cliffs, N. J.

Prentice-Hall, Inc.Englewood Cliffs, N. J.

Holt, Rinehart & Winston Inc.New York

75

TITLE

ELECTRICITY ONE-SEVEN

ELECTRONICS ONE-SEVEN

A PROGRAMMED COURSE IN BASICELECTRICITY

TRANSISTOR PHYSICS AND CIRCUITS

ELECTRICAL FUNDAMENTALS ANDCIRCUIT ANALYSIS

A-C CIRCUIT ANALYSIS

D-C CIRCUITS ANALYSIS

SEMICONDUCTOR FUNDAMENTALS

ESSENTIALS OF ELECTRICITY-ELECTRONICS 4th Ed.

AUTHOR

Mileaf

Mileaf

N. Y. I. T.

Ristenbatt and Riddle

Romanowitz

Schure, A., Ed.

Schure, A Ed.

Seidman and Marshall

Slurzberg and Osterheld

ESSENTIALS OF RADIO-ELECTRONICS 3rd Ed. Slurzberg and Osterheld

76

PUBLISHER

Hayden Publishing Co.New York

Hayden Publishing Co.New York

McGraw-Hill Book CompanyNew York

Prentice-Hall, Inc.Englewood Cliffs, N. J.

John Wiley & Sons,New York

Hayden Publishing Co.New York

Hayden Publishing Co.New York

John Wiley & Sons, Inc.New York

McGraw-Hill Book CompanyNew York

McGraw-Hill Book CompanyN --York

77