DOCUMENT RESUME CE 000 740 Multiengine Airplane Class and … · 2014. 1. 14. · airplanes...

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DOCUMENT RESUME

CE 000 740

Multiengine Airplane Class and Type Ratings: FlightTest Guide (Part 61 Revised).Federal Aviation Administration (DOT), Washington,D.C. Flight Standards Service.AC-61-577362p.Superintendent of Documents, U. S. GovernmentPrinting Office, Washington, D. C. 20402 (StockNumber 5011-00069, $0.65)

EDRS PRICE MF-$0.65 HC-$3.29DESCRIPTORS *Aircraft Pilots; Aviation Technology;

*Certification; *Flight Training; Tests

ABSTRACTThe flight test guide has been prepared to assist the

applicant and his instructor in preparing for a Multiengine AirplaneClass or Type Rating. It contains information and guidance concerningthe pilot operations, procedures, and maneuvers relevant to theflight tests: preflight operations, airport operations, takeoffs andlandings, flight at critically slow airspeeds and increased loadfactors, instrument flight, emergency procedures, instrumentprocedures, inflight maneuvers, and further emergency procedures. AnApplicant's Flight Test Checklist is included. (MS)

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(Part 61 Revised)

MULT1ENG1NEAIRPLANECLASS AND TYPERATINGS

U.S. DEPARTMENTOF NEALTH,

EDUCATION It WELFARE

NATIONALINSTITUTE OF

kaEDUCATION

THIS DOCUMENTHAS BEEN REPRO

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1973

JOEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATIONFEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION

fr

CD*JO AC 61-57

L.C100

FLIGHT TEST GUIDE

[Part 61 Revised]

MULTIENGINE AIRPLANE

CLASS AND TYPE RATINGS

1973

DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATIONFEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION

FLIGHT STANDARDS SERVICE

For sale by the Superintendent of DocumentsD.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402

Price: 65 cents. Stock Number 5011-00069

PREFACE

Part 61 (revised) of Federal Aviation Regu-lations, effective November 1, 1973, estab-lishes a new concept of pilot training andcertification requirements. To provide a tran-sition to these revised requirements, Part 61(revised) permits the applicant for a periodof 1 year after the effective date, to meeteither the previous requirements or those con-tained in the revised part. AC 61-4C,Multiengine Airplane Class or Type RatingFlight Test Guide, Revised 1971. outlines theprevious requirements.

This flight test guide, AC 61-57, has beenprepared by Flight Standards Service of theFederal Aviation Administration to assist theapplicant and his instructor in preparing for aMultiengine Airplane Class or Type Ratingunder Part 61 (revised). It contains informa-tion and guidance concerning the pilot opera-tions, procedures, and maneuvers relevant tothe flight tests required for the MultiengincClass and Type Ratings. A suggested flighttest checklist is included for the convenienceof those who may find such a checklist useful.

In addition to providing help to the appli-cant and his instructor, this guide will beuseful to FAA Inspectors and designated

III

pilot examiners in the conduct and standardi-zation of flight tests. Persons using this guidein connection with multiengine pilot trainingand flight tests should also refer to the appli-cable Federal Aviation Regulations; Airman'sInformation Manual; AC 61-21, Flight Train-ing Handbook; AC 61-9A, Pilot TransitionCourse for Complex Single-Engine and LightTwin-Engine Airplanes; AC 61-10A, Re-fresher Courses for Private and CommercialPilots; and other pertinent advisory circulars.

Comments regarding this guide may bedirected to Department of Transportation,Federal Aviation Administration, Flight Stand-ards Technical Division, P.O. Box 25082,Oklahoma, City, Oklahoma 73125.

IV

1

1,

CONTENTS

Page

Preface III

Applicant's Flight Test Checklist IxGeneral Information 1

Section 1Class Rating, Pilot OperationsProcedures/Maneuvers 9

I. PREFLIGHT OPERATIONSA. Airplane Performance and Sys-

tems Operations 9B. Airplane Loading 11C. Airplane Line Check 11

D. Engine Starting and PretakeoffOperational Checks 12

II. AIRPORT OPERATIONSA. Taxiing (Landplanes) 13B. Taxiing (Seaplanes) 13C. Collision Avoidance Precautions _ 14D. Wake Turbulence Avoidance 15

III. TAKEOFFS AND LANDINGSA. Normal and Crosswind Takeoffs

and Landings (Landplanes) 15B. Maximum Performance Takeoffs

and Landings (Landplanes) 16C. Rejected Landing (Landplanes) _ 17D. Normal and Crosswind Takeoffs

(Seaplanes) 18E. Normal and Crosswind Landings

(Seaplanes) 19

Page

IV. FLIGHT AT CRITICALLY SLOWAIRSPEEDS AND INCREASEDLOAD FACTORS

A. Maneuvering at Minimum Con-trollable Airspeed 20

B. Imminent Stalls 21C. Steep Turns 22

V. INSTRUMENT FLIGHTA. Normal Maneuvers and Recovery

From Unusual Flight Attitudes _ 23B. Instrument Flight Rules Opera-

tions 24

VI. EMERGENCY PROCEDURESA. Maneuvering with One Engine

Inoperative 25B. Engine-(hit Minimum Control

Speed Demonstration 27C. Use of Engine-Out Best Rateof-

Climb Speed 29D. Effects of Airplane Configuration

on EngineOut Performance 29E. Engine Failure on Takeoff 30F. Engine-Out Approach and Land-

ing 31G. Emergency Operations 32

Section 2Typ, Rating, Pilot OperationsProcedures/Maneuvers 35

I. PREFLIGHT OPERATIONSA. Equipment Check (Oral or Writ-

ten) 35

Page

B. Inspection 36

C. Taxiing 36

D. Powerplant Checks 37

II. TAKEOFFS

A. Normal Takeoff 38

B. Crosswind Takeoff 38

C. Powerplant Failure 39

D. Instrument Takeoff 39

III. INSTRUMENT PROCEDURES

A. Area DepartUres and Arrivals __ 40B. Holding 41

C. Precision and Nonprecision Ap-proaches 41

D. Missed Approach 43

IV. INFLIGHT MANEUVERS

A. Steep Turns 44B. Stalls 45

V. APPROACHES AND LANDINGS

A. Normal Landing 46B. Landing in Sequence From an ILS

Approach 47

C. Crosswind Landing 48D. EngineOut Landing 48E. NoFlap Landing 49F. Rejected Landing 50

G. Collision Avoidance Precautions _ 51

H. Wake Turbulence Avoidance 51

VII

Page

VI. NORMAL AND ABNORMAL PRO-CEDURES

A. Systems and Devices 52

VII. EMERGENCY PROCEDURESA. Emergency Procedures 53

APPLICANT'S FLIGHT TEST CHECKLIST

(Suggested)

APPOINTMENT WITH INSPECTOR

or EXAMINER: Name

Time/Date

ACCEPTABLE AIRPLANEView-limiting deviceAircraft Documents:

Airworthiness CertificateRegistration CertificateFAA approvcd Airplane Flight

Manual (if applicable)Operating LimitationsWeight and Balance Records

Aircraft Maintenance Records:Airworthiness Inspections

FCC Station License

PERSONAL EQUIPMENTCurrent Aeronautical ChartsComputer and PlotterFlight Plan FormFlight LogsCurrent AIM

PERSONAL RECORDSPilot CertificateMedical CertificateSigned Recommendation (if applicable)LogbookNotice of Disapproval (if applicable)FCC Radiotelephone Operator PermitExaminer's Fee (if applicable)

IX

GENERAL INFORMATION

PILOT TRAINING AND CERTIFICATIONCONCEPT

Part 61 of the Federal Aviation Regula-tions has been revised and upgraded to reflectthe complexity of the modern aircraft as wellas its operating environment. In the past, air-man certification requirements could be metby training a student to pass a written testand then to demonstrate his ability to performpredetermined flight training maneuvers dur-ing a flight test. Rather than merely dupli-cating on the flight test the maneuvers usedfor training, the new training and certifica-tion concept requires that the applicant for aMultiengine Class Rating or Type Rating re-ceive instruction in and demonstrate his com-petency in all pilot operations listed in per-tinent sections of this guide. Multiengineairplanes requiring pilot type ratings are listedin Advisory Circular 61-1f) entitled "Air-craft Type Ratings." A pilot operation, asused in this guide, is a group of related pro-cedures and maneuvers involving skills andknowledge required to safely and efficientlyfunction as a pilot. The specific proceduresand maneuvers used to teach the pilot opera-

1

tions are not listed in Part 61 (revised). In-stead, the instructor is permitted to selectprocedures and maneuvers from FAA ap-proved training publications pertinent to thecertificate or rating sought. The instructorindicates by written statement that the appli-cant has demonstrated competency in all therequired pilot operations and considers himqualified to pass the flight test. On the classand type rating flight tests, the examiner'selects the procedures and maneuvers to beperformed by the applicant to show com-petency in each required pilot operation.

In addition to this advisory circular,the procedures and maneuvers appropriateto multiengine airplane training are con-tained in AC 61-21, Flight Training Hand-book; AC 61-9A, Pilot Transition Course forComplex Single-Engine and Light Twin-Engine Airplanes; and AC 61-10A, RefresherCourses for Private and Commercial Pilots.

USE OF THIS GUIDE

This flight test guide is divided into twomajor sectionsSection 1, the MultiengineAirplane Class Rating, and Section 2, theMultiengine Airplane Type Rating, and pilotoperations listed in Sections 1 and 2, indi-cated by Roman numerals, are required on

The word "examiner" is used hereafter in thisguide to denote either the Federal Aviation Admin-istration Inspector or designated pilot examiner whoconducts an official flight test.

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the flight tests. This guide is intended onlyto outline appropriate pilot operations andthe minimum standards P.:, the performanceof each procedure or mane,wer which will beaccepted by the examiner as evidence of thepilot's competency. On the flight tests, theapplicant may be tested on all the proceduresand maneuvers listed, or only those which theexaminer selects.

Flight tests for the issuance of Private andCommercial artificates given in multiengineairplanes will be conducted in accordancewith AC 61-54, Private Pilot Flight TestGuide or AC 61-55, Commercial PilotFlight Test Guide, using the Descriptions andAcceptable Performance Guidelines containedin Section I of this guide for the performanceof the maneuvers which are di5erent for multi-engine airplanes.

A multiengine class rating issued on thebasis of a flight test in a multiengine airplanewhich has no engine-out minimum controlspeed will bear the notation LIMITED TOCENTER THRUST. Such airplanes typicallyhave ;et engines in or on the fuselage, orreciprocating engines in tandem on the center-line of the fuselage.

This guide contains an Objective for eachrequired pilot operation. Under each pilotoperation, pertinent procedures or maneuversare listed with Descriptions and AcceptablePerformance Guidelines.

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1. The Objective .states briefly thepurpose of each pilot operation requiredon the flight test.

2. The Description provides informs.-tion on what may be asked of the appli-cant regarding the selected procedure ormaneuver. The procedures or maneuverslisted have been found most effective indemonstrating the objective of that par-ticular pilot operation.

3. The Acceptable PerformanceGuidelines include the factors whichwill be taken into account by the ex-aminer in deciding whether the applicanthas met the objective of the pilot opera-tion. The airspeed, altitude, and head-ing tolerances given represent the mini-mum performance expected in goodflying conditions. However, consistentlyexceeding these tolerances before cor-rective action is initiated is indicativeof an unsatisfactory performance. Anyprocedure or action, or the lack thereof,which requires the intervention of theexaminer to maintain safe flight will bedisqualifying. Failure to take positiveaction to ensure that the flight area isclear of conflicting traffic will also bedisqualifying.

The applicant's performance will beevaluated on the basis of the judgment,knowledge, accuracy, and smoothness he

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displays on the flight test. A competentperformance is one in which the pilot isobviously the master of the airplane andthe successful completion of the procedureor maneuver is never seriously in doubt.

Emphasis will be placed on the proceduresand maneuvers which are most critical to asafe performance as a multiengine pilot.Spatial disorientation, collision avoidance, andwake turbulence hazards will also be emphasized. The applicant will be expected toknow the meaning and significance of the air-plane performance speeds important to a multi-engine pilot, and be able to readily find thespeeds appropriate to the airplane used forthe flight test. These speeds include at least:

the stalling speed or minimumsteady flight speed in landingconfiguration.

Vie the rPqximum landing gear ex-tended speed.

Vie the maximum flap extended speed..Vy the speed for the best rate-of-climb

with all engines operating.V.-- the speed for the best angle-of-

climb with all engines operating.V. the design maneuvering speed.Vne the never exceed speed.V,e-- the minimum control speed with

critical engine inoperative.V1 the critical engine failure speed.V2- the takeoff safety speed.

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AIRPLANE AND EQUIPMENT REQUIRE-MENTS FOR FLIGHT TEST

The applicant is required by the revised§ 61.45 to provide an airworthy airplane forthe flight test. This airplane must be capableof, and its operating limitations must not pro-hibit, the pilot operations required on theflight test.

FLIGHT TEST PREREQjISITES

An applicant for a multiengine airplanepilot flight test is required by the revised§ 61.39 of the Federal Aviation Regulationsto have: (1) the applicable instruction andaeronautical experience prescribed in the re-vised Part 61, (2) at least a third class medi-cal certificate issued within the past 24 months,and (3) a written statement from an appro-priately certificated flight instructor certify-ing that he has given the applicant flightinstruction in preparing for the flight testwithin 60 days preceding the date of appli-cation, and finds him competent to pass theflight test. However. an applicant need nothave this written statement if he is applyingfor a type rating only or a class rating withan associated type rating.

GENERAL PROCEDURES FOR FLIGHT TESTS

The ability of an applicant for an aircraftclass or type rating to perform the requiredpilot operations is based on the following:

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L Executing procedum and maneuverswithin the aircraft's performance ca-pabilities and limitations, includinguse of the aircraft's systems.

2. Executing emergency procedures andmaneuvers appropriate to the aircraft.

3. Piloting the aircraft with smoothnessand accuracy.

4. Exercising judgment.5. Applying his aeronautical knowledge.6. Showing that he is the master of the

aircraft, with the successful outcomeof a procedure or maneuver neverseriously in doubt.

If the applicant fails any of the requiredpilot operations, he fails the flight test. Theexaminer or the applicant may discontinuethe test at any time when the failure of a re-quired pilot operation makes the applicantineligible for the certificate or rating sought.If the test is discontinued, the applicant isentitled to credit for only those entire pilotoperations that he has successfully performed.

SECTION 1CLASS RATING

PILOT OPERATIONS

Procedures/Maneuvers

I. PREFLIGHT OPERATIONS

ObjectiveTo determine that the applicant has the

knowledge and ability to determine that theairplane is airworthy and ready for safe flight.


A. Airplane Performance and SystemsOperations

1. Description The applicant may beasked to use the manufacturer's publishedrecommendations' to determine the effects ofsuch factors as temperature, density altitude,

' The phrase "manufacturer's published recom-mendations" is used hereafter in this guide to denoteFAA approved Airplane Flight Manual material whensuch material has been approved for the airplanetype or other manufacturer's published recommenda-tions such as "Owner's Manual," "Owner's Hand-book," "Bulletins," and "Letters" for the safe opera-tion of the airplane model or series, in the absenceof an approved Airplane Flight Manual.

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SECTION 1-CLASS RATING

wind, surface conditions, and gross weight onflight performance. He should be familiarwith the effects of power settings and altitudeon the cruising range, and know the airspeedsfor best performance in the airplane used.Special attention should be devoted to the per-formance data on flight control and perform-ance with an engine inoperative. He shouldalso have a practiml knowledge of the flightcontrol system; the fuel, lubrication, hydraulic,and electrical systems; the operation of thesuperchargers, landing gear and flaps, radio,pressurization, heating and ventilation instal-lations; and of the fire control, deicing, antiicing, and other emergency equipment appro-priate to the type of airplane used.

2. Acceptable Performance GuidelinesThe applicant shall determine and explain theperformance capabilities, approved operatingprocedures, and limitations for the airplaneused, as well as the power settings, placardedspeeds, range, fuel and oil requirements, theoperation of aircraft systems and specialequipment, critical engine-out control wedsand climb speeds, and other emergencyprocedures.

The inability to obtain essential pilot in-formation which is available for the airplane,or the incorrect use of this information shallbe disqualifying.

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-*ACTION 1-CLASS RATING

B. Airplane Loading

1. Description The applicant may beasked to determine that the airplane loadingis within limits. He should use current andapproved weight and balance data to make apractical computation of the permissible loaddistribution including fuel, oil, passengers, andbaggage as appropriate to he flight proposed.

2. Acceptable Performance GuidelinesThe applicant shall make accurate determina-tions of gross weight and load distribution.A loading graph or computer designed for theairplane may be used for this purpose.

C. Airplane Line Check

I. Description The applicant may beasked to check the airplane's readiness forflight, including fuel and oil supply, the pre-sence of all required equipment and docu-ments, and its airworthiness so far as can bedetermined by visual inspection. A checklistprovided by the manufacturer or operatorshould be used.

2. Acceptable Performance GuidelinesThe applicant shall use an orderly procedurein conducting a preflight check of the air-plane. He shall know the significance of eachitem checked and the appropriate remedialaction for the pilot to initiate for the correc-tion of each unsatisfactory item detected.

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SECTION I-CLASS RATING

Failure to recognize any obvious unairworthycondition shall be disqualifying.

D. Engine Starting and Pretakeoff Op-erational Checks

1. Description The applicant may beasked to demonstrate engine starting and pre-takeoff operational checks of the airplane sys.tems and equipment, flight controls, and enginerunup. A checklist provided by the manu-facturer or operator sLould be used.

2. Acceptable Performance GuidelinesThe applicant shall use an orderly procedurein starting engines and performing pretakeoffoperational checks. 114; shall know the signifi-cance of each item checked and the appro-priate remedial action for a pilot to initiatefor the correction of each unsatisfactory itemdetected. Failure to recognize any obviousunairworthy condition shall be disqualifyit

II. AIRPORT OPERATIONS

Objective

To determine that the applicant can ma-neuver multiengine landplanes or seaplanessafely and expeditiously on the surface andin flight in conformance with published pro-cedures or Air Traffic Control instructions.

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A. Taxiing (Landplanes)1. Description The applicant may be

asked to demonstrate taxiing at speeds appro-priate to the area of operations. He shoulddetermine that the taxi path is clear of obstruc-tions and comply with local taxi rules or con-trol tower instructions as appropriate.

2. Acceptable Performance GuidelinesThe applicant shall taxi the airplane ac-curately, safely, and with consideration forother aircraft and personnel on ramps andtaxiways; and shall properly use differentialpower, brakes, and flight controls for direc-tional control; and shall operate nosewheelsteering and tailwheel lock, if the airplane isso equipped.

B. Taxiing (Seaplanes)1. Description The applicant may be

asked to demonstrate taxiing at slow speedsand on the step, into the wind, downwind,and crosswind. Turns to downwind headings,step turns, sailing, docking, and simulated oractual approaches to a buoy should be in-cluded. The applicant should demonstratethe use of differential power and, if the sea-plane is so equipped, taxiing with and withoutthe use of water rudder.

2. Acceptable Performance GuidelinesThe applicant's competence in taxiing shall be

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evaluated on the basis of his proper use offlight controls, differential power, and waterrudder to safely and effectively maneuver theseaplane. Any faulty technique which re-sults in a hazardous situation shall be dis-qualifying.

C. Collision Avoidance Precautions1. Description The applicant is ex-

pected to exercise conscientious and continuoussurveillance of the airspace in which the air-plane is being operated to guard against po-tential mid-air collisions. In addition to "seeand avoid" practices, he is expected to useVFR Advisory Service at nonradar facilities,Airport Advisory Service at nontower air-ports or FSS locations, and Radar TrafficInformation Service, where available.

2. Acceptable Performance GuidelinesThe applicant shall maintain continuous vigi-lance for other aircraft and take immediateactions necessary to avoid any situation whichcould rzsult in a mid-air collision. Extraprecautions shall be taken, particularly inareas of congested traffic, to ensure that hisview of other aircraft is not obstructed byhis aircraft's structure. When traffic advisoryservice is used, the applicant shall understandterminology used by the radar controller inreporting positions of other aircraft. Failureto maintain proper surveillance shall be dis-qualifying.

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D. Wake Turbulence Avoidance

1. Description The applicant may beasked to explain wingtip vortices, their char-acteristics and associated hazards. He shouldfollow the recommended courses of action toremain clear of wake turbulence.

2. AcceptaLde Performance Guide-lines The applicant shall identify the con-ditions and locations in which wake turbulencemay be encountered and adjust his flight pathin a manner to avoid those areas. Failure tofollow recommended courses of action forminimizing the possibility of flying intowingtip vortices shall be disqualifying.

III. TAKEOFFS AND LANDINGS

ObjectiveTo determine that the applicant is compe-

tent in performing takeoffs and landings inlandplanes or seaplanes under all normallyanticipated conditions.


A. Normal and Crosswind Takeoffs andLandings (Landplanes)

I. Description The applicant may berequested to demonstrate normal and cross-wind takeoffs and landings. For safety,crosswind takeoffs and landings should be per-

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formed with full consideration for other airtraffic, and in strict compliance with the cross-wind limitations for landings in the airplaneused.

Takeoffs and landings at various flap set-tings, including a no-flap landing if permittedby the airplane's operating limitations, shouldbe included.

NOTE: If wind conditions are such that a cross-wind technique is required for each take-off and landing, a separate crosswinddemonstration will not be required.

2. Acceptable Performance GuidelinesThe applicant shall perform takeoffs and land-ings in accordance with the procedures andinstructions in the manufacturer's publishedrecommendations. He shall maintain astraight grou.ld track on the takeoff and land-ing roll. Lift-off, climb, approach, and touch-down speeds shall be appropriate for existingconditions. The applicant shall observe thecrosswind limitations of the airplane used.

B. Maximum Performance Takeoffs andLandings (Landplanes)

1. Description The applicant may beasked to demonstrate a short field takeoff. Heshould initiate lift-off just below the all-enginebest angle-ofclimb speed, unless it is slowerthan the engine-out minimum control speed,in which case the engine-out minimum con-trol speed should be used. The best all-

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engine angle-of-climb speed should be at-tained and maintained to the height of anassumed obstruction, after which normal climbspeed should be smoothly attained.

He may be asked to demonstrate short fieldlandings made from a normal traffic' pattern.Full flaps should be used for the last segmentof the approach. Moderate slips may also beused. The applicant should not steepen hisapproach slope after crossing the assumedobstruction. The flare for touchdown shouldresult in little or no floating after the throttleis closed.

2. Acceptable Perfotinance GuidelinesPerformance shall be evaluated on the basisof the applicant's takeoff and landing tech-nique, judgment, observance of traffic pat-terns and control tower instructions, driftcorrection, coordination, and smoothness. Ex-cessive maneuvering, faulty operation of air-craft controls or systems, climbing at less thanengineout minimum control speed, or the useof improper approach speeds shall be dis-qualifying.

C. Rejected Landing (Landplanes)

I. Description The applicant may beinstructed to goaround from a point just priorto touchdown in landing configuration. Theexecution of a go-around with a simulatedengine failure will not be required..

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SECTION .1-GLASS RATING

2. Acceptable Performance GuidelinesThe applicant shall maintain positive airplanecontrol and appropriate airspeeds, operate theflaps and gear in proper sequence, and usecorrect power and trim settings. Climbinghigher than necessary to clear immediate ob-structions at less than the minimum engine-out control speed shall be disqualifying.

D. Normal and Crosswind Takeoffs(Seaplanes)

I. Description The applicant may berequested to demonstrate takeoffs into thewind, and with light crosswind components.He may also be asked to demonstrate, whenfeasible, or to describe in detail any or all ofthe following:

a. High density altitude takeoffs fromglassy water;

b. Takeoffs from choppy water or oceanswells; and

c. Takeoffs from streams or inlets withsignificant current or tide and down-stream wind.

2. Acceptable Performance GuidelinesThe applicant's performance shall be evalu-ated on the basis of his smooth operation ofthe power and flight controls, his directionalcontrol, and his ability to achieve an efficientplaning attitude promptly and to make asmooth, effective transition to flight. Misuse

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of the controls, consistent retarding of take-offs by premature rotation for liftoff, orfailure to take immediate corrective action tostop porpoising while on the step shall bedisqualifying.

E. Normal and Crosswind Landings(Seaplanes)

1. Description The applicant may beasked to demonstrate landings into the wind,and with light crosswind components. Land-ing approaches should be made in accordancewith the established traffic pattern for thearea used, and with a final approach speedof approximately 1.3 times the power-off stall-ing speed in landing configuration (L3 V80),or the final approach speed recommended bythe aircraft manufacturer. A straight courseshould be maintained during touchdown andthroughout the runout on the surface. Theapplicant may also be asked to 6monstrate,if feasible, or to describe in detail any of thefollowing:

a. Landings on glassy water;b. Landings on choppy water or ocean

swells; andc. Emergency landings on airports or un-

prepared fields.

2. Accepta6le Performance GuidelinesThe applicant's performance shall be evalu-ated on the basis of the accuracy of his

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approaches, correction for wind drift, correctuse of the controls in flight and on the surface,and landing technique. He shall maintainthe desired final approach speed within ±5knots, and touch down smooth' within thearea specified by the examiner.

IV. FLIGHT AT CRITICALLY SLOW AIR-SPEEDS AND INCREASED LOAD FACTORS

Objective

To determine that the applicant is com-petent in controlling the airplane at minimumflight airspeeds and under changing loadfactors.

Procedures/ManeuversA. Maneuvering at Minimum Control-

lable Airspeed

l. Description The applicant may berequested to maneuver the airplane at an air-speed not more than 10 knots above the stall-ing speed in cruise and landing configura-tions. This includes transition from and tocruising configuration and airspeed in straight-and-level flight.

2. Acceptable Performance GuidelinesThe applicant shall be able to maneuver theairplane at minimum controllable airspeed,maintain a speed within ± 5 knots of thedesired airspeed, and maintain an altitude

20

SECTION 1 -CLASS RATING

within ±100 feet of the assigned altitude. Instraight-and-level flight, and during the tran-sition to and from the minimum controllableairspeed, he shall maintain a heading within±.-10° of the original heading. The applicantshall use proper trim and power settings forexisting conditions. Any unintentional stallshall be disqualifying.

B. Imminent Stalls

1. Description The applicant may beasked to demonstrate the recognition of andrecovery from stalls, with and without power,in the landing and cruising configuration,from straight and turning flight, climbs, andglides.

NOTE: No stall will be required with any enginethrottled or cut off and the other en-gine ( s) developing effective power.Abrupt pitch changes during stall demon-strations, and all other maneuvers, shouldbe avoided in airplanes with extensionsbetween the engine and the propeller,because of the high gyroscopic loadsinduced.

2. Acceptable Performance GuidelinesThe applicant shall use prompt and correctcontrol applications to achieve the desired at-titudes and maintain the desired heading.Stall recoveries shall be accomplished positively and smoothly, with coordinated flightcontrol usage, the smooth application of power,and the least loss of altitude consistent with

21


the prompt recovery of control effectiveness.Failure to initiate corrective action on im-minent stalls before the nose pitches uncon-trollably, indications of a secondary stall dur-ing recoveries, or reaching higher than cruis-ing airspeed during recoveries shall bedisqualifying.

C. Steep Turns

I. Description The applicant may beasked to execute turns maintaining a constantaltitude and angle of bank of at least 45°,continuing for 360° or more of turn.

2. Acceptable Performance GuidelinesThe applicant shall maintain an altitude within± 100 feet of the entry altitude, airspeedwithin ± 10 knots of that assigned, and abank with less than 10° of variation afterthe turn is established, and complete recoverieswithin ± 10° of the assigned headings. Theapplicant shall use smooth, coordinated flightcontrol ripp ons, and maintain orientationthroughout the tur

V. INSTRUMENT FLIGHT

ObjectiveTo determine that the applicant is com-

petent in controlling and maneuvering theairplane solely by reference to flight instru-ments.

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A. Normal Maneuvers and RecoveryFrom Unusual Flight Attitudes

NOTE: This paragraph applies to the applicantfor the multiengine airplane class ratingwho does not hold an instrument rating(airplane). It also applies to the appli-cant for a multiengine airplane type rat-ing who does not hold or is not con-currently obtaining an instrument rat-ing (airplane).

1. Description The applicant may beasked to perform normal flight maneuvers andrecovery from unusual flight attitudes solelyby reference to flight instruments. This shouldbe accomplished using full flight instrumen-tation if available. However, it may be ac-complished using only a gyroscopic rate ofturn indicator and a sensitive altimeter inaddition to the usual VFR instruments. Anycontrol or sta5ility augmentation system

(partial or full autopilot) should be renderedinoperative unless it is required equipmentfor the airplane used.

Flight maneuvers for this demonstrationmay be selected from the following:

a. Recovery from the start of a power-on spiral;

b. Recovery from the approach to aclimbing stall;

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c. Normal turns of at least 180° leftand right to within -.L-20° of a pre-selected heading;

d. Shallow climbing turns to a preselectedaltitude;

e. Shallow descending turns at reducedpower to a preselected altitude; andand

f. Straight and level flight.

2. Acceptable Performance GuidelinesThe applicant shall control the airplane solelyby reference to flight instruments. He shalluse smooth awl coordinated flight controlapplications. Any loss of control which makesit necessary for the examiner to take controlto avoid a stall or exceeding the operatinglimitations of the airplane used shall be dis-qualifying.

B. Instrument Flight Rules Operations

NOTE: This paragraph applies to the applicantfor the multiengine airplane class ratingwho holds an instrument rating (air-plane).

1. Description The applicant may beasked to perform normal flight manuevers andrecovery from unusual attitudes while operat-ing the airplane under simulated instrumentconditions. Performance of the followingprocedures and maneuvers solely by referenceto flight instruments may be accomplished:

24


a. Recovery from unusual flight attitudesincluding approaches to stalls;

b. A standard instrument approach;c. Maneuvering with one engine inopera-

tivepropeller feathered or powerreduced to simulate the drag of afeathered propeller; and

d. Instrument emergencies.

2. Acceptable Performance GuidelinesThe standards for the performance of theseprocedures and maneuvers shall be in accord-ance with those in AC 61-56, InstrumentPilot Airplane Flight Test Guide.

VI. EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

ObjectiveTo determine that the applicant can use

the correct procedures to effectively and safelycope with emergencies in a multiengine air-plane.

Procedures/ManeuversA. Maneuvering With One Engine

Inoperative

1. Description The applicant may beasked to demonstrate engine shutdown pro-cedures and flight with one engine inopera-tive (propeller feathered, if possible). Thisincludes straight-and-level flight and 20° to30° banked turns toward and away from the

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inoperative engine. Also included are de-scents to prescribed altitudes and, in air-planes which are capable of climbing underthe existing conditions, climbs to prescribedaltitudes.

NOTE: The feathering of one propeller shouldbe required on a flight test in any multi-engine airplane equipped with propellerswhich can be safely feathered and un-feathered in flight. Feathering for pilotflight test purposes should be requiredonly under such conditions and at suchaltitudes and positions where safe land-ings on established airports can bereadily accomplished in the event dif-ficulty is encountered in unfeathering.

If the airplane used is not equippedwith propellers which can be safelyfeathered and unfeathered in flight, theapplicant may be asked to shut downone engine in flight in accordance withthe procedures in the manufacturer'spublished recommendations. The regu-lations do not specifically require anapplicant to unfeather a propeller on aflight test. Accordingly, he is not re-quired to do so if he elects to land witha propeller feathered. If he desires touse this procedure, he should arrange itin advance with the examiner concerned,who will permit it unless he considersthat an undue hazard would be involved.

2. Acceptable Performance GuidelinesThe applicant shall use prescribed propelleroperating procedures as well as the recom-

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mended emergency settings of all ignition,fuel, electrical, hydraulic, and fire extinguish-ing systems appropriate to an engine failure.He shall maintain his heading within ± 20°of the original heading during the featheringand unfeathering procedures, and his altitudewithin ±100 feet of the original altitude if itis within the capability of the airplane used;he shall promptly identify the inoperativeengine after a simulated power failure; anduse accurate shutdown and restart procedures,as prescribed in the manufacturer's publishedrecommendations. In an airplane not ca-

pable of maintaining altitude with an engineinoperative under existing circumstances, theapplicant shall maintain an airspeed within

5 knots of the engine-out best rate-of-climbspeed and shall use prescribed operating pro-cedures and proper trim settings.

B. Engine-Out Minimum Control SpeedDemonstration

1. Description The applicant may beasked to demonstrate airplane controllabilityproblems associated with attempted flight withone engine inoperative at less than minimumengine-out control speed (Vme), recognitionof imminent loss of control and applicationof proper recovery techniques.

NOTE: There is a density altitude above whichthe stalling speed is Meier than theengine-out minimum control ,Need. When

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this density altitude exists close to theground because of high elevations ortemperatures, an effective flight demon-stration is impossible and should notbe attempted. When a flight demonstra-tion is impossible, the significance of theengineout minimum control speed shouldbe emphasized on the oral, including theresults of attempting engineout flight atbelow this speed, the recognition of im-minent loss of control, and recoverytechniques.

2. Acceptable Performance GuidelinesThe applicant shall demonstrate a completeand accurate knowledge of the cause, effect,and significance of the engine-out minimumcontrol speed, of the clues to be watched forby the pilot, and the safe recovery procedures.

The engine-out minimum control speedflight demonstration is subject to so muchvariation because of differences in airplaneflight characteristics. circumstances of flight,and density altitude that definitive perform-ance standards cannot be prescribed. Thebasic criteria are the prompt ;recognition ofimminent loss of control and the prompt initia-tion of correct recovery actions. An attemptat any time during the flight test to continuelevel or climbing flight with an engine outat less than the engine-out minimum controlspeed, except as necessary for this demonstra-tion shall be disqualifying.

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C. Use of Engine-Out Best Rate-of-Climb Speed

1. Description The applicant may beasked to establish and maintain the best pos-sible rate of climb (or minimum rate of sink)with one engine throttled to simulate the dragof a feathered propeller, or with a propellerfeathered by mutual agreement between theapplicant and examiner.

2. Acceptable Performance GuidelinesThe applicant shall determine (from the manu-facturer's published recommendations) andshall maintain the prescribed engine-out bestrate-of-climb speed. He shall maintain aclimb within ± 5 knots of the best rate-of-climb speed and within ± 10° of the de-sired heading.

D. Effects of Airplane Configuration onEngine-Out Performance

1. Description The applicant may beasked to demonstrate the effects of variousconfigurations on engineout performance. Thisincludes the results of the extension of thelanding gear, the flaps, and both; the appli-cation of carburetor heat on the operatingengine(s) ; and windmilling of the inoperativeengine.

2. Acceptable Performance GuidelinesThe applicant shall maintain an airspeed with-in ± 5 knots of the best rate-of-climb speed

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and a heading within ± 10° of the assignedheading while controlling the airplane in thevarious configurations.

E. Engine Failure on Takeoff

1. Description The applicant may beasked to demonstrate engine failure proce-dures during takeoff operations. After giv-ing due consideration to the airplane's char-acteristics, runway length, surface conditions,wind direction and velocity, and any otherfactors which may affect safety, the examinermay, at least once during the flight test,throttle an engine on takeoff, and expect theapplicant to proceed as he would in the eventof an actual power failure.

NOTE: If it has been determined that the en-gineout rate of climb will not be at least50 feet per minute at 1,000 feet abovethe airport, the engine failure should besimulated at a point on the take,Iff rollwhich will permit the airplane to besafely stopped on the remaining portionof the runway.

The feathering of the propeller and secur-ing of the throttled engine should be simu-lated to keep it available for immediate use,but all other settings should be made as in thecase of an actual power failure.

2. Acceptable Performance GuidelinesIf it has been determined that the engine.out rate of climb under existing circumstances

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is at least 50 feet per minute at 1,000 feetabove the airport, and he has attained at leastthe engine-out best angle-of-climb speed whenthe engine is throttled, the applicant shall con-tinue his takeoff with one engine throttled.

If the airspeed is below the engine-out bestangle-of-climb speed and the landing gear hasnot been retracted, the takeoff shall be aban-doned immediately. If the best angle-of-climbspeed has been obtained and the landinggear is in the retract cycle, the applicant shallclimb out at the engine-out best angle-of-climb speed to clear any obstructions, andthereafter stabilize the airspeed at the engine-out best rate-of-climb speed while cleaning upthe airplane and resetting all appropriatesystems.

F. Engine-Out Approach and Landing

I. Description The applicant may beasked to make an approach and landing withone engine inoperative. In the event theapplicant has elected to land with a propellerfeathered after demonstrating propeller feath-ering, no further demonstration should berequired. Otherwise, the landing may bemade with an engine throttled to simulate thedrag of a feathered propeller or, if feather-ing propellers are not installed, with an enginethrottled to idling. The approach should becontinued to a normal landing, and a go-

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around with an engine out will not be per-formed unless there is an actual emergency.

2. Acceptable Performonce GuidelinesThe applicant shall use the correct proce-dures for the operation of the airplane sys-tems, use appropriate trim settings, observethe regular traffic pattern or approach path,maintain airspeed and aircraft control dur-ing touchdown and landing roll. Any reduction of airspeed below the engineout mini-mum control speed before the landing flareis initiated shall be disqualifying.

G. Emergency Operations

1. Description The applicant may beasked to demonstrate the emergency opera-tion of the retractable gear, flaps, and elec-trical, fuel, deicing, and hydraulic systemsif operationally practical. Emergency op-erations such as the use of CO, pressure forgear extension, or the discharge of a pressurefire extinguisher system should be simulatedonly.

On flight tests in pressurizc-1 iZrplanes,this demonstration should incluc- an emergency descent as might be necessitated by aloss of pressurization. The descent shouldbe initiated and stabilized, but no prolongeddescent is required. The airspeed or Machnumber for the demonstration of an emer-gency descent should be approximately 10

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percent less than the airplane's structurallimitation, to provide a safety margin. Whena Mach limitation is the controlling factor atoperational altitudes for the airplane used,the descent should be arranged, if practimble,to require the transition from the observanceof the Mach limitation to an airspeed limita-tion. A simulated emergency descent throughor near clouds is prohibited.

2. Acceptable Performance GuidelinesThe applicant shall respond to emergency situ-ations in accordance with procedures pre.scribed by the manufacturer's publishedrecommendations. The applicant's perform-ance shall be evaluated on the basis of hisknowledge of the emergency procedures forilk, airplane used, the judgment displayed, andthe accuracy of his operations.

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SECTION 2 TYPE RATING

PILOT OPERATIONS


Objective

I. PREFLIGHT OPERATIONS

To determine that the applicant has a prac-tical knowledge of the airplane, its operationand limitations.


A. Equipment Check (Oral or Written)

1. Description The applicant may beasked to present and explain the airplanedocuments to be carried on board. He maybe asked to demonstrate a practical knowledgeof: (1) the airplane, its powerplants, systems,and components, and their operation; (2)normal, abnormal, and emergency proceduresand the operations and limitations relatedthereto; (3) flight planning; procedures usingthe manufacturer's published recommenda-tions to determine such operational factorsas required runway lengths, critical perform-ance speeds, fuel requirements, and w--ightand balance limitations.

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SECTION 2-TYPE RATING

2. Acceptable Performance GuidelinesThe applicant's performance shall be evalu-ated on the basis of his knowledge o; the air-plane, its systems and components, and hisability to make a practical application ofperformance data and limitations containedin the manufacturer's published recommenda-tions.

B. inspection

1. Description The applicant may beasked to conduct a visual inspection of theinterior and exterior of the airplane, explain-ing the purpose for inspecting each item.He should demonstrate the use of the pre-start checklist, appropriate control system

checks, starting procedures; and radio andequipment checks prior to flight.

2. Acceptable Performance GuidelinesThe applicant's performance shall be evalu-ated on the accuracy of his explanation ofthe purpose for inspecting each item and thethoroughness of his inspection.

C. Taxiing

1. Description The applicant may beasked to demonstrate taxiing, sailing, or dock-ing procedures in compliance with instructionsissued by the appropriate traffic control au-thority or by the examiner.

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2. Acceptable Performance GuidelinesEvaluation shall be made on the basis of theapplicant's attention to safety; proficiency inhandling the aircraft; consideration for otheraircraft and personnel on ramps and taxi-ways; the use of power, brakes, and flightcontrols for directional control; and the properuse of nosewheel steering, tailwheel lock, orwater rudder as applicable.

D. Powerplant Checks

1. Description The applicant may beasked to make the necessary checks to assurethe airplaA,e's immediate readiness for flight.

2. Acceptable Performance GuidelinesThe applicant shall be evaluated on the pro-ficiency and thoroughness with which thepowerplant checks are accomplished and thethoroughness of the knowledge displayed ofthe airplane engines, systems, and related op-erational checks.

11. TAKEOFFS

Objective

To determine that the applicant is com-petent in performing takeoffs under normaland emergency conditions and under variousmeteorological conditions.

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A. Normal Takeoff

I. Description The applicant may beasked to perform one normal takeoff which,for the purposes of this operation, beginswhen the airplane is taxied into position onthe runway to be used.

2. Acceptable Performance GuidelinesPerformance shall be evaluated on the basisof the applicant's takeoff technique, judgment,observance of traffic patterns and controltower instructions, coordination, and smooth-ness. Airplane configuration, airspeed, andoperational procedures shall be in accordancewith those recommended in the applicableoperating instructions for the airplane beingused.

B. Crosswind Takeoff

I. Description The applicant may beasked to perform one crosswind takeoff, ifsafe and practicable under the existing con-

tkns.

2. Acceptable Performance GuidelinesPerformance shall be evaluated on tite basisof the applicant's takeoff technique, judgment,observance of traffic patterns and controltower instructions, coordination, and smooth-ness. Airplane configuration, airspeed, andoperational procedures shall be in accordance

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with those recommended in the applicableoperating instructions for the airplane beingused.

C. Powerplant Failure

1. Description The applicant may beasked to perform one takeoff with a simulatedfailure of the most critical powerplant at aspeed determined to be appropriate for thecategory (transport or nontransport) and typeairplane used for the check.

2. Acceptable Performance GuidelinesPerformance shall be evaluated on the basisof the applicant's takeoff technique, judgment,observance of traffic patterns and controltower instructions, coordination, and smooth-ness. Airplane configuration, airspeed, andoperational procedures shall be in accordancewith those recommended in the applicableoperating instructions for the airplane beingused.

D. Instrument Takeoff'

1. Description The applicant may beasked to perform one takeoff with instrument

' The applicant for a multiengine airplane typerating who does not hold or is not concurrentlyobtaining an instrument rating (airplane) may beasked to show competency in only those instrumentmaneuvers listed in paragraph V.A., in Section 1 ofthis guide,

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conditions simulated after reaching an alti-tude of 100 feet above the runway elevation.

2. Acceptable Performance GuidelinesPerformance shall be evaluated on the basisof the applicant's takeoff technique, judgment,adherence to control tower instructions, co-

ordination, and smoothness. Airplane con-figuration, airspeed, and operational proce-dures shall be in accordance with thoserecommended in the applicable operatinginstructions for the airplane being used.

III. INSTRUMENT PROCEDURES.'

Objective

To determine that the applicant can adhereto actual or simulated ATC clearances, includ-ing assigned radials and proper use of naviga-gation facilities.


A. Area Departures and Arrivals

1. Description The applicant may beasked to perform area departure and arrivalprocedures, demonstrating the proper responseto actual or simulated ATC instructions andthe proper use of navigation facilities.

'See footnote 1, page 39.

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2. Acceptable Performance GuidelinesEvaluation shall be made on the basis of theapplicant's aoz.eptance and adherence to in-structions and his knowledge of, and use of,available navigation facilities; also his knowl-edge of, and observance of, airspeed limitsrelative to altitude and distance from the air-port.

B. Holding

1. Description The applicant may beasked to demonstrate entering, maintaining,and leaving holding patterns. This proce-dure may be performed in connection witharea departures or arrivals.

2. Acceptable Performance GuidelinesEvaluation shall be made on the basis of theapplicant's compliance with the holding di-rection/radial, timing, and staying within theholding airspace. The applicant shall main-tain altitude within ±100 feet of the assignedaltitude. Holding airspeed shall be main-tained within ±10 knots of that airspeedrecommended for holding in the airplanebeing used.

C. Precision and Nonprecision Ap-proaches

I. Description The applicant may beasked to perform one each of the following:

a. A normal ILS approach;

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b. A nonprecision approach (ADF/VOR) ;

c. An approach with simulated failure ofone powerplant (may be performedwith a. or b.).

Each approach (straight-in or circling)should be performed according to proceduresapproved for the facility used. For the pur-pose of these procedures, the approach be-gins when the airplane is over the initial fixfor the procedure used or, as is frequently thecase with vectoring by ATC, when cleared forthe approach.

In the case of a PAR procedure, the ap-proach begins when handed-off to the finalapproach controller. The approach tends whenthe airplane touches the runway or whentransition to a missed approach is complete.

2. Acceptable Performance GuidelinesAirplane configuration and airspeeds shall bein accordance with those recommended in theapplicable operating instructions for the air-plane being used. Arrival at the authorizedminimum in position for a straight-in land-ing is an acceptable performance for non-precision instrument approaches. The ILS ap-proach, to be considered acceptable, shall beconducted so that glide slope and localizerindications do not exceed one dot deviation.Altitude shall be maintained within ±100 feet

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of prescribed altitude during initial approach,and within 0 to +50 feet of minimum de-scent altitude or decision height. Airspeedshall be controlled within ±10 knots of therecommended airspeed for the airplane con-figuration from the initial approach fix to thefix inbound and within 0 to +10 knots ofreference airspeed with appropriate wind/gustfactor adjustment from the final fix to theminimum descent altitude or decision height.

D. Missed Approach

1. Description The applicant may beasked to perform at least one complete missedapproach procedure with simulated failure ofone powerplant. The simulated powerplantfailure may be given either before or after themissed approach procedure is initiated. Thisprocedure may be performed independentlyor in conjunction with the approaches de-scribed under C. I. a. and b. of this pilotoperation.

NOTE: Simulated powerplant failure should notbe continued after the clean-up proce-dure has been performed.

2. Acceptable Performance GuidelinesEvaluation shall be made on the basis of theapplicant's judgment in deciding when to ex-ecute the missed approach, the appropriatenessof his communications and navigation proce-dures, his ability to maintain positive airplane

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control and to operate all airplane systemsin accordance with applicable operating in-structions for the airplane being used. Descentbelow the MDA or DH, as appropriate, priorto initiation of the missed approach proce-dure shall be disqualifying except in thoseinstances where the runway environment wasin sight at MDA or DM

IV. INFLIGHT MANEUVERS


petent in controlling an airplane in a steepbank under maneuvering load factors whilemaintaining altitude and orientation; andthat he can recognize stalls in various airplaneconfigurations and can make prompt and effec-tive recoveries while in simulated instrumentflight conditions.3

ProcedureslIllaneuversA. Steep Turns

1. Description The applicant may beasked to demonstrate at least one steep turnin ench direction. Each steep turn shouldinvolve a bank angle of 45° with a headingchange of 360°.

The applicant for a inultiengine airplane typerating who does no hold or is not concurrentlyobtaining an instrument rating (airplane) may per-form steep turns and stalls by visual references.

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2. Acceptable Performance GuidelinesThe applicant shall maintain altitude within±100 feet of the entry altitude, and a bankangle of 45°, ± 5°, after the turn is estab-lished, and recover within ±10° of the as-signed headings. Airspeed shall be controlledwithin ±10 knots of that recommended forthe airplane being used. Special attentionshall be given to the applicant's smoothness,coordination, and orientation.

B. Stalls

1. Description The applicant may beasked to demonstrate stalls. For the purposeof this maneuver, the stall is reached whenthere is a perceptable buffet or other responseto initial stall entry. A stall demonstrationmay be required in each of the following flighconfigurations:

a. Takeoff configuration (except in air-planes requiring zero flaps for take-off) ;

b. Clean configuration;

c. Landing configuration.

At least one of the above maneuvers shouldbe performed using a bank angle between 15°and 30°.

2. Acceptable Performance GuidelinesThe applicant shall recognize en,: approachto a stall when there is a perceptable buffet

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or from activation of stall warning devices.Recoveries shall be initiated at the first in-dication of a stall. The recoveries shall beaccomplished positively and smoothly, usingappropriate and coordinated flight and powercontrols and with the least loss of altitudeconsistent with the recovery of full controleffectiveness. After recovery, the applicantshall make an expeditious return to the origi-nal altitude. Additional evaluation shall bemade on the basis of the applicant's prompt,smooth, and positive control application.

V. APPROACHES AND LANDINGS


petent in performing landings under normal,abnormal, and emergency conditions, and cansafely reject a landing when required.


A. Normal Landing1. Description The applicant may be

asked to perform a normal approach andlanding. For the purpose of this demonstra-tion, the maneuver begins when the airplaneenters the traffic pattern or begins an instru-ment approach and is completed at the endof the after-landing roll.

2. Acceptable Performance GuidelinesTraffic pattern airspeeds shall be controlled

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within 0 to +10 knots of that recommendedfor that type airplane and the appropriateairplane configuration until reaching final ap-proach. Airspeed on the final approach shallbe controlled within 0 to +10 knots ofreference speed with appropriate wind/gustfactor adjustment as recommended by the op-erating instructions for the airplane beingused. Threshold airspeeds, also, shall be asrecommended by those instructions with ap-priate wind/gust factor adjustments.

B. Landing in Sequence From an 1LSApproach4

1. Description The applicant may beasked to demonstrate a landing in sequencefrom an ILS approach, except that, if circum-stances beyond his control prevent an actuallanding, the examiner may accept an ap-proach to a point where in his judgment alanding to a full stop could have been safelymade.

2. Acceptable Performance GuidelinesTraffic pattern airspeeds shall be controlledwithin ±5 knots of the airspeed recommended by the operating instructions forthe type airplane being used and the appro-priate airplane configuration until reachingfinal approach. Airspeed on the final ap-

' See footnote 1, page 39.

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proach shall be controlled within 0 to +10knots of reference speed with appropriatewind/gust factor adjustment as recom-mended by the operating instructions forthe airplane being used. Threshold airspeeds.also, shall be as recommended by those in-structions with appropriate wind/gust factoradjustments.

C. Crosswind Landing1. Description The applicant may be

asked to perform a crosswind landing, if con-sidered safe and practical under existing conditions by the examiner.

2. Acceptable Performance GuidelinesTraffic pattern airspeeds shall be controlledwithin ±5 knots of that recommended forthe type airplane being used and the ap-priate airplane configuration until reachingfinal approach. Airspeed on the final approachshall be controlled within 0 to +10 knotsof reference speed with appropriate wind/gustfactor adjustment as recommended by the op-erating instructions for the airplane beingused. Threshold airspeeds, also, shall be asrecommended by those instructions with appro-priate wind/gust factor adjustments.

D. Engine-Out Laliding1. Description The applicant may be

asked to perform one approach to a landingwith the simulated failure of 50% of the

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SECTION 2TYPE RATING

available powerplants (failed powerplants onone side). In the case of thrce-engine air-planes, an approved procedure which simu-lates the failure of two engines should beused (center and one outboard).

2. Acceptable Performance GuidelinesTraffic pattern airspeeds shall be controlledwithin ±5 knots of that recommendedfor the type airplane being used and theappropriate airplane configuration until reach-ing final approach. Airspeed on the final ap-proach shall be controlled within 0 to -I-10knots of reference speed with appropriatewind/gust factor adjustment as recommendedby the operating instructions for the airplanebeing used. Threshold airspeeds, also, shallbe as recommended by those instructions withappropriate wind/gust factor adjustr . nts.

E. No-Flap Landing

1. Description The applicant may beasked to perform a no-flap visual approachto a point where, in the judgment of the ex-aminer, a landing to a full stop on the appro-priate runway could be safely made.

2. Acceptable Performance GuidelinesTraffic pattern airspeeds shall be controlledwithin ±5 knots of that recommendedfor the type airplane being used and the ap-propriate airplane configuration until reach-ing final approach. Airspeed on the final ap-

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proach shall be controlled within 0 to +10knots of reference speed with appropriatewind/gust factor adjustment as recommendedby the operating instructions for the airplanebeing used. Threshold airspeeds, also, shallbe as recommended by those instructions withappropriate wind/gust factor adjustments.

F. Rejected Landing

1. Description The applicant may beasked to demonstrate one rejected landingfrom a point approximately 100 feet abovethe runway threshold. This maneuver may becombined with simulated instrument ap-proaches but instrument conditions need notbe simulated below 200 feet above the run-way.

2. Acceptable Performance GuidelinesAirspeed on the final approach shall be con-trolled within 0 to +10 knots of referencespeed with appropriate wind/gust factor ad.justment as recommended by the operatinginstructions for the airplane being used.Threshold speeds, also, shall be recommendedby those instructions with appropriate wind/gust factor adjustments. During the transition to a climb, the applicant shall maintainpositive airplane control and appropriate air-speeds, operate the flaps and gear in propersequence, and use correct power and trimsettings.

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G. Collision Avoidance Precautions

1. Description The applicant is ex-pected to exercise conscientious and con-tinuous surveillance of the airspace in whichthe airplane is being operated to guard againstpotential mid-air collision. In addition to

"see and avoid" practices, he is expected touse VTR Advisory Service at nonradar fa-cilities, Airport Advisory Service at non-towerairports or FSS locations, and Radar TrafficInformation Service, where available.

2. Acceptable Performance GuidelinesThe applicant shall maintain continuous vigi-lance for other aircraft and take immediateactions necessary to avoid any situation whichcould result in a mid-air collision. Extraprecautions shall be taken, particularly inareas of congested traffic, to ensure that hisview of other aircraft is not obstructed byhis aircraft's structure. When traffic advisoryservice is used, the applicant shall understandterminology used by the radar controller inreporting positions of other aircraft. Failureto maintain proper surveillance shall be dis-qualifying.

H. Wake Turbulence Avoidance

1. Description The applicant may beasked to explain wingtip vortices, their char-acteristics and associated hazards. He shouldfollow the recommended courses of action toremain clear of wake turbulence.

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2. Acceptable Performance GuidelinesThe applicant shall identify the conditionsand locations in which wake turbulence maybe encountered and adjust his flight path ina manner to avoid these areas. Failure tofollow recommended courses of action for mini-mizing the possibility of flying into wingtipvortices shall be disqualifying.

VI. NORMAL AND ABNORMAL PROCE-DURES

ObjectiveTo determine that the applicant has a

practical knowledge of the systems and de-vices appropriate to the airplane type.

Procedures/ManeuversA. Systems and Devices

1. Description The applicant may beasked to demonstrate his knowledge regard-ing the proper use of the systems and deviceslisted below which are appropriate to thetype airplane, as the person conducting thecheck finds necessary to determine the requiredproficiency:

t. Anti-icing and deicing systems.b. Auto-pilot systems.c. Automatic or other approach aids.d. Stall warning, stall avoidance and sta-

bility augmentation devices.e. Airborne radar devices.

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f. Hydraulic and electrical systemfailures.

g. Landing gear and flap system failures.h. Airborne Nav/Com equipment failures.i. Oxygen and environmental systems.2. Acceptable Performance Guidelines

Performance shall be evaluated on the basisof the applicant's demonstration of knowledgeof the procedures for the airplane used andthe judgment displayed.

VII. EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

ObjectiveTo determine that the applicant has an

adequate knowledge of, and the ability toperform emergency procedures appropriate tothe airplane being used.

Procedures/ManeuversA. Emergency Procedures

I. Description The applicant may beasked to demonstrate his knowledge regard-ing the proper emergency procedures outlinedin the manufacturer's published recommenda-tions for the type airplane used, as determinednecessary by the examiner.

2. Acceptable Performance GuidelinesPerformance shall be evaluated on the basisof the applicant's demonstration of knowledgeof the emergency procedures referred to abovefor the airplane used, the judgment displayed,and the accuracy of his operations.

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DOCUMENT RESUME CE 000 740 Multiengine Airplane Class and … · 2014. 1. 14. · airplanes...

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Transcript of DOCUMENT RESUME CE 000 740 Multiengine Airplane Class and … · 2014. 1. 14. · airplanes...