Dobrý večer den/09 G_Doruchowski-Nitra-201… · Sustainable Use Directive 2009/128 Machinery...
Transcript of Dobrý večer den/09 G_Doruchowski-Nitra-201… · Sustainable Use Directive 2009/128 Machinery...
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Dobrý večer
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Greg DORUCHOWSKI
Research Institute of Horiculture
Skierniewice, POLAND
IV. SLOVAK PLANT HEALTH DAYS
Nitra, 31 May – 1 June, 2011
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… quantity of plant protection
product that is carried out of
the sprayed area by the action
of air currents during the
application process”
ISO/22866, 2005
Spray Drift
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Spray Drift
• loss of PPPs
• risk of pollution
• bad reputation of
chemical plant protection
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DIRECT
use of
Spray Drift Reduction Technology
(SDRT)
INDIRECT
implementing
buffer zones,
natural vegetative strips,
windbreaks, hailnets, etc
Measures to protect environment from drift
• application equipment
• application parameters
• application scenario
• fixed buffer zones
• adjustable buffer zones(depending on spray application technology)
reducing drift at source reducing exposure to drift
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Sustainable Use Directive 2009/128
Machinery Directive 2009/127for pesticide application equipment
Art. 11
Specific measures to protect the aquatic environment and drinking water are adopted by MS.
These measures include:
• establishment of appropriately-sized buffer zones
• preference to low-drift application equipment
setting out standards that new equipment has to meet before it is placed on the market
Art. 2
The machinery must be designed and constructed to:
• ensure that pesticide is deposited on target areas,
• minimize losses to other areas,
• prevent drift of pesticide to the environment.
EU Regulations
establishing a framework for action to achieve safe and rational use of pesticides
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POND
Surface water in focus
PROTECTION OF AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT
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POND
Surface water in focus
BUFFER ZONES
Buffer zone for
standard application
technology
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POND
Surface water in focus
BUFFER ZONES
Buffer zone for
SDRT
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POND
Surface water in focus
BUFFER ZONES
Buffer zone for
SDRT
Min. area SDRT
is applied on
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… area directly adjacent to a body of water (or other sensitive object)
where the plant protection products must not be used
Buffer zone
• natural vegetative buffers
• vegetative + in-field buffers
required by
Sustainable Use Directive 2009/128
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Buffer zones in EUAdjustable buffer zones: Germany,
UK,
the Netherlands,
Belgium,
Sweden,
Austria
Fixed buffer zones: Denmark
France
Poland
Slovak Rep.
Czech Rep.
Hungary
Buffer zones considered: South: IT, ES, PT
Central: HU
Baltics: LT, LV, ET
Balcans: GR, SL, RO, BG
depending on spray application technology
(and other drift mitigation factors)
regardless any circumstances,
incl. application technology
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Buffer zones(Germany)
Protection goals:
• surface water(permanent and periodicwater courses)
NW rules:NW = Natural Habitat for Water Organisms
NW 600, 601, 606, 608 – old pesticides
NW 605, 607, 609 – new pesticides (since 2003)
• biotop(non-agricultural ecotone)
NT rules:NT = Natural Habitat for Terrestrial Organisms
NT 101-106 – SDRT required
NT 107-109 – buffer + SDRT requied≥ 3 m
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Top of bank
permanent or periodic
watercourse
min. 20 m working width
with drift red. technology 50
%
No
PPP
application
Remaining field area
PPP application
with any spray
technology
min. 20 m sprayed with
min. 20 m sprayed with
Flexible buffersNW 605, NW 606, NW 609
Example: Fungicide (NW605) : st. buffer zone 20 m
50 % drift reduction 10 m
75 % drift reduction 5 m
90 % drift reduction 5 m
Buffer zones – NW regulations(Germany)
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SDRT requirements:
NT 107
NT 108
NT 109
≥ 3 m
min. 20 m Remaining field area
PPP application with any
spray technologyPPP application with SDRT
Buffer zones – NT regulations(Germany)
High risk pesticides - majority of large fields (> 1 ha)
NT 107, NT 108, NT 109
No PPPapplic.
5 m
Exemptions:
- Knapsack sprayers
- Biotop < 3 m
- Significant number of small fields (< 1 ha) on the area
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Buffer zones(UK)
LERAP
Local Environmental Risk Assessment for Pesticides
For the protection of surface water (aquatic life)
LERAP defines three classes of chemicals:
• LERAP A – no adjustment of buffer zone distances permitted
• LERAP B – buffer zone widths to be varied depending on risk assessment
• LERAP C – no buffer zone required
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LERAP-Low Drift star ratings
Buffer zones(UK)
LERAP
• nozzle pressure
• nozzle height (or arrangement on an air-assisted orchard machine)
• forward speed
• sprayer configuration
• crop condition
• application conditions
= drift less than 75% of reference condition
= drift less than 50% of reference condition
= drift less than 25% of reference condition
for specified operating conditions
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Buffer zones(UK)
LERAP
Officially Recognized LERAP-Low Drift Rating Spray Equipment
https://secure.pesticides.gov.uk/SprayEquipment/EquipmentList.asp
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Buffer zones(UK)
LERAP
Officially Recognized LERAP-Low Drift Rating Spray Equipment
https://secure.pesticides.gov.uk/SprayEquipment/EquipmentList.asp
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LERAP – combining factors
Buffer zones(UK)
LERAP
1m
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LERAP – combining factors
Buffer zones(UK)
LERAP
min 2m
Minimum buffer zones: (cannot be further reduced)
• 7 m – if no windbreak or low-drift sprayer
• 5 m – absolute minimum
(also when ditch is dry at spraying time)
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Buffer zones
Drift values – measurement of sedimentation drift acc. to ISO 22866
Distance in m
Weather station
0 10 20 30 40 50
15 2010
Collector for measuringground sediment
Measuring AreaTreated Area
Main wind direction
1st track2nd track
Distance downwind [m]
Collectors for ground
deposit measurement
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Buffer zones (Germany)
A. Herbst – JKI, Germany, 2009
0,001
0,01
0,1
1
10
100
1 10 100 1000
Distance to sprayed area [m]
Gro
un
d s
ed
ime
nt
in %
of
the
ap
pli
ca
tio
n
rate
Fruit crops early
Hops
Fruit crops late
Grape vine late
Field crops
Basic Drift Values for authorization process(90th percentiles – „realistic worst case”)
Distance downwind [m]
Gro
un
d d
ep
osit
[%
ap
plied
do
se]
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Spray Drift Reduction Technology (Germany)
A. Herbst – JKI, Germany, 2009
Distance to sprayed area [m]
Gro
un
d s
ed
ime
nt
in %
of
the a
pp
licati
on
ra
te
50 %
75 %
90 %
Tunnel sprayer
Regression line tunnel
Basic drift values(median)
Classification of drift reduction technology(field crops)
Distance downwind [m]
Gro
un
d d
ep
osit
[%
ap
pli
ed
do
se]
Basic drift values(median)
50%
75%
90%
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Spray Drift Reduction Technology (Germany)
A. Herbst – JKI, Germany, 2009
Distance to sprayed area [m]
Gro
un
d s
ed
ime
nt
in %
of
the a
pp
licati
on
ra
te
50 %
75 %
90 %
Tunnel sprayer
Regression line tunnel
Basic drift values(median)
Classification of drift reduction technology(field crops)
Distance downwind [m]
Gro
un
d d
ep
osit
[%
ap
pli
ed
do
se]
Basic drift values(median)
50%
75%
90%
Hardi CM TwinForce 18-24 m F110-02/03 - max 2,5 bar crop heifgt 30 cm
Regression line for above
Hardi CM TwinForce 18-24 m F110-04/05 - max 3,0 bar crop heifgt 50 cm
Regression line for above
Field measurements
ISO 22866
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Spray Drift Reduction Technology (Germany)
A. Herbst – JKI, Germany, 2009
Distance to sprayed area [m]
Gro
un
d s
ed
ime
nt
in %
of
the a
pp
licati
on
ra
te
50 %
75 %
90 %
Tunnel sprayer
Regression line tunnel
Basic drift values(median)
Classification of drift reduction technology(grape vine)
Distance downwind [m]
Gro
un
d d
ep
osit
[%
ap
pli
ed
do
se]
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Distance to sprayed area [m]
Gro
un
d s
ed
ime
nt
in %
of
the a
pp
licati
on
ra
te
50 %
75 %
90 %
Tunnel sprayer
Regression line tunnel
Basic drift values(median)
Classification of drift reduction technology(grape vine)
Distance downwind [m]
Gro
un
d d
ep
osit
[%
ap
pli
ed
do
se]
A. Herbst – JKI, Germany, 2009
Spray Drift Reduction Technology (Germany)
Field measurements
ISO 22866
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Spray Drift Reduction Technology (Germany)
Drift reduction classes:
• field crops
• fruit crops
• grape vine
• hops
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Sprayer Nozzles Conditions
All air-assisted
with axial fan
ID-90-03 C Max 4.5 bar
Reduced air at
the first 5 rows (max 30 000 m3/h)
All air-assisted
ID
TD
AVI
DG
AD
No air towards
field edge at
the first 5 rows
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Fruit crops
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Sprayer Nozzles Conditions
JD 310/315
with sensors
(GreenSeaker)
All
All air-assisted AllHail net above
the orchard
Fruit crops
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Sprayer Nozzles Conditions
JD 310/315 DG
AD
All air-assisted
ID
TD
AVI
DG
AD
Hail net above
the orchard
Fruit crops
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Sprayer Nozzles Conditions
HOLDER
with fan
OVS 50/60
ID
TD
AVI
DG
AD
No air towards
field edge at
the first 3 rows
WANNER
with fan
SZA 32
or
SZA 28
Fruit crops
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
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Sprayer Nozzles Conditions
HOLDER
with fan
OVS 50/60
ID
TD
AVI
DG
AD
No air towards
field edge at
the first 5 rows
WANNER
with fan
SZA 32
or
SZA 28
Fruit crops
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
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Sprayer Nozzles Conditions
WANNER
with
spray separatorAll
LIPCO
tunnel sprayersAll
Fruit crops
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Field crops Sprayer Nozzles Conditions
JD Twin Fluid
liquid 5 bar
air 0,35 bar
boom height
50 cm
Air-assisted
DAMMANN
ANPA-DAS
boom:
24-28 m
ID120-03 C
ID120-03
POM
3 bar
full air
min. crop
height 50 cm
Air-assisted
HARDI
Commander Plus
TWIN FORCE
boom:
18,20,21,24 m
ISO-F110-04
ISO-F110-05
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Field crops Sprayer Nozzles Conditions
Band spraying
Lechler:
ES-90-02
ES-90-03
ES-90-04
Coarse spray nozzles:
- pre-orifice nozzles
- turbo nozzles
- air-induction nozzles
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• increasing buffer zones loss of crop areas
• environmental risk posed by drift reduction of PPP availability
Drift can only be mitigated with the acceptance from grower and applicator
How to make grower change behavior and application technique ?
PROBLEM
SOLUTIONS
COSTS
BENEFITS
= AWARENESS
Drift affects farm profitability !!!
• drift = loss losses do not contribute to efficacy
• reduction of losses => higher deposition
better efficacy
• environmental liability accordance with legal requirements
CAP rewarding only good stewardship (GAP)
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AIM (Advancing Intelligent Mitigation) – ECPA – 2008-2010
TOPPS-PROWADIS (PROtect WAter from DIffuse Sources) – ECPA – 2011-2013
aims at transferring knowledge into best practice
• development of BMPs to avoid water contamination from drift
• development of demonstration materials and tools to enhance farmers’ and
advisors’ awarenes on drift mitigation
EU initiatives on awareness building
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CONCLUSIONS
Environmental risk posed by spray drift can be managed mainly by:
- Spray Drift Reduction Technology
- Buffer zones
In the EU both progressive regulations and effective solutions exist that
facilitate implementing SDRT and buffer zones
Successful drift mitigation depends on the applicators’ awareness and
motivation
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Dakujem