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B CNG THNGTRNG I HC CNG NGHIP H NI

KHOA : IN T

NMNHC

TI:THIT K

B OIN P 3 DIO 0-

2.5V, 0-25V, 0-250V

HIN THTRNLCD.

Sai s chophp l

10%

Gio vin hng dn:

Nhm sinh vin thc hin:1.Nguyn Duy Hn2.Trnh nh Thng

3.Nguyn Hu T

Mc lcTrang

Mc lc2

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Li ni u..2

Chng I

M t tng: m hnh nim, xy dng s khi...4

I. S khi,s mch nguyn l v mch in .....................4II. Cc vi mch chnh s dng trong tng khi v nguyn l hot ngca tng khi..6

Chng II

Qu trnh thc hin..17I.Code lp trnh C cho vi iu khin...18

II. Hnh dng sn phm thc t hon thnh...................19

III.Tm tt bn bo co, nhng vn cha lm c...20

LI NI U

S ra i ca cc b vi x l ni chung,cc b vi iu khin ni ring to ra mt bcngot ln trong vic thit k cc h thng x l thng tin,o lng iu khin v truynthng.Kt qu l to ra c nhng sn phm nh my nh s,my chi nhc

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MP3,u da DVD,cc b bin tn,PLCngy cng r hn,nh gn hn,thng minh hnv tin dng hn.Hn na,k thut vi iu khin hin nay rt pht trin, n c ng dng vo rtnhiu lnh vc sn xut cng nghip, t ng ha, trong i sng v cn nhiulnh vc khc na. So vi k thut s th k thut vi iu khin nh gn hn rt

nhiu do n c tch hp li v c kh nng lp trnh c iu khin. Nn rttin dng v c ng.Vi tnh u vit ca vi iu khin th trong phm vi n nh ny, chng em chdng vi iu hin o in p ba di o 0-2.5V , 0-25 , 250V , ng thi cho hinth ln LCD.Mc ch ca ti hng n: to ra bc u cho sinh vin th nghim nhngng dng ca vi iu khin trong thc tin ri t tm ti, pht trin nhiung dng khc trong i sng hng ngy cn n.Vic thc hin xong n mn hc bng cc kin thc hc, mt s sch thamkho v mt s ngun ti liu khc nn khng trnh khi nhng thiu st. V vy

nhm rt mong c s gp ca thy c v cc bn.

Chng IM t tng,m hnh nim,xy dng s khi

I. S khi tng qut,s nguyn l v mch in

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1.S khi tng qut:

2. S nguyn l m phng dng proteus:

KHI IUCH V

KHUCH I

KHI X L TRUNG

TM: 8051

KHICHUYN ITNG TSANG S:ADC0804

KHI NGUNN P S

DNG IC7805

KHI HIN TH:S DNG LCD

U RA NGDNG

(o in p bathang o: 0-2.5 V,

0-25V va 0-250V)

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3. s mch in :

II . Cc vi mch chnh s dng trong tng khi v nguyn l hot ng catng khi

1. Cc vi mch chnh s dng trong tng khi

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1. Khi x l trung tm: AT89C522. Trong khi iu ch v khuch i: LM3583. Khi chuyn i: ADC 08044. Khi hin th: LCD5. Trong Khi n p: IC7805

2.Cu to v nguyn l hot ng c bn ca tng vi mch

2.1 Vi iu khin AT89C52:

2.1.2 cu to v chc nng cc khi ca AT89S52. CPU( CPU centralprocessing unit)bao gm:

Thanh ghi tch ly A Thanh ghi tch ly ph B n v logic hc (ALU)

Thanh ghi t trng thi chng trnh Bn bng thanh ghi Con tr ngn xp

B nh chng trnh( ROM) gm 8Kbyte Flash. B nh d liu( RAM) gm 256 byte.

B UART, c chc nng truyn nhn ni tip. 3 b Timer/Counter 16 bit thc hin chc nng nh thi v m s kin. Khi iu khin ngt vi 2 ngun ngt ngoi v 4 ngun ngt trong. B lp trnh( ghi chng trnh ln Flash ROM) cho php ngi s dng c th np cc chng

trnh cho chp m khng cn cc b np chuyn dng. B chia tn s vi h s chia l 12. 4 cng xut nhp vi 32 chn.

b, chc nng cc chn ca AT89C52 Port 0( P0.0=>P0.7)Port 0 gm 8 chn, ngoi chc nng xut nhp, port 0 cn l bus a hp d liu v a ch( AD0-AD7),chc nng ny s c s dng khi 89c52 giao tip vi cc thit b ngoi c kin trc Bus nh cc vimch nh, mch PIO Port 1( P1.0=>P1.7)Chc nng duy nht ca Port 1 l chc nng xut nhp cng nh cc Port khc. Port1 c th xut nhptheo bit v theo byte. Port 2( P2.0=>P2.7)Port 2 ngoi chc nng l cng vo/ra nh Port 0 v 1 cn l byte cao ca bus a ch khi s dng bnh ngoi.

Port 3Mi chn trn Port 3 ngoi chc nng xut nhp cn c mt chc nng ring, c th nh sau:

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Bit Tn Chc nngP3.0 RXD D liu nhn cho Port ni tipP3.1 TXD D liu truyn cho Port ni tip

P3.2 INT0 Ngt bn ngoi 0P3.3 INT1 Ngt ngoi 1P3.4 TO Ng vo ca Timer/counter0P3.5 T1 Ng vo ca Timer/counter1P3.6 /WR Xung ghi b nh d liu ngoi.P3.7 /RD Xung c b nh d liu ngoi. Chn /PSEN : l chn iu khin c chng trnh b nh ngoi. Chn ALE.ALE l tn hiu iu khin cht a ch c tn s bng 1/6 tn s dao ng ca vi iu khin. Tn hiuALE c dng cho php vi mch cht bn ngoi nh 7473. Chn /EA.

Tn hiu /EA cho php chn b nh chng trnh l b nh trong hay ngoi. EA=1 th thc hin chngtrnh trong RAM ni. EA=0 thc hin RAM ngoi.

RST( reset)Ng vo reset trn chn s 9. khi RST=1 th b vi iu khin s c khi ng li thit lp ban u. XTAL1, XTAL2

2 chn ny c ni song song vi thch anh tn s max=33 Mhz. to dao ng cho b vi iukhin. Vcc, GND : cung cp ngun nui cho b vi iu khin. cp qua chn 20 v 40.

2.1.3 nguyn l hot ng+Chn 9 c ni vi mch reset. Khi nhn SW1 th b vi iu khin s c khi ng li t u.+in tr bng U1: c tc dng lm in tr ko ln ngun.+ chn 18-19 c ni // vi thch anh 12Mhz. mch c nhim v to dao ng cho vi iu khin.+t chn P2.0=>P2.2 ln lt c ni vi Vee, RS, RW ca LCD. C nhim v iu khin hot ng caLCD.+chn P2.3=>P2.5 : 3 chn ny c ni vi ln lt 3 chn ca ADC : chn RD (Read),

chn WR (Write) v chn Ngt INTR (Interupt). Nhim v iu khin hot ng ca bchuyn i s - tng t.+ chn P3.0=>P3.7. giao tip vi ADC0804. Cng P3 ny c nhim v c in p thu c t b chuyni.+P0.0=>P0.7. Ln lt c ni vi u vo d liu t DB0=> DB7 ca LCD. C chc nng iu khinhin th vic o in p trn LCD .+P1.0=>P1.2 : c ni vi switch kp iu khin chn thang o ph hp.

2.2 Khuch i LM358:a, cu to

LM358 gm c 2 con khuch i thut ton:Con th 1: chn 2 ,3 vo, chn 1raCon th 2: chn 5,6 vo, chn 7 raCng dng: khuch i in p v dng in nhn c t LM35 sau chuyn tip n u vo IN caADC 0804S cu to:

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Tnh ton v cn chnh:+ti OA2:

Xt ti: N2:3

0

R

Un =4R

UrUn

=>Ur=Un .3

43

R

RR +.

Xt ti P2:1R

UpUv =

2R

Up.

=> Up=Uv .21

2

RR

R

+

M coi nh OA l tng.Uv=Up;

Ur=Uv.3

43

R

RR +.

21

2

RR

R

+

;

Do in p u ra ca b khuch i ch gii hn trong khong t 0-5V khi dng ngun n. Nnchn gi tr R2= R4=3,9 K

R1=R3= 1 K;Khi Ur=Vin 4Uv;

2.3 B chuyn i tng t-s: ADC 0804:2.3.1 Cu to:ADC 0804 l mt b chuyn i tng t s. Gm c 20 chn.

DB0-DB7: l 8 chn ra d liu. RD: li vo c WR :li vo ghi. INTR: li ra ngt.

CLKR/CLKIN: cc li vo iu khin xung nhp.

VIN: li vo analog dng

2.3.2 s :

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Chip ADC0804 l b chuyn i tng t s thuc h ADC800 ca h ng NationalSemiconductor. Chip ny cng c nhiu hng khc sn xut. Chip c in p nui +5V v phn gii 8 bit. Ngoi phn gii th thi gian chuyn i cng l mt tham s quantrng khi nh gi b ADC. Thi gian chuyn i c nh ngha l thi gian m b ADCcn chuyn mt u vo tng t thnh mt s nh phn. i vi ADC0804 th thi gianchuyn i ph thuc vo tn s ng h c cp ti chn CLK v CLK IN v khng b hn110 s. Cc chn khc ca ADC0804 c chc nng nh sau: CS (Chip select)Chn s 1, l chn chn Chip, u vo tch cc mc thp c s dng kch hotChip ADC0804. truy cp ADC0804 th chn ny phi mc thp. RD (Read)Chn s 2, l mt tn hiu vo, tch cc mc thp. Cc b chuyn i u v o tngt thnh s nh phn v gi n mt thanh ghi trong. RD c s dng c d liu c chyn i ti u ra ca ADC0804.Khi CS = 0 nu c mt xung cao xung thp p n chn RD th d liu ra dng s 8

bit c a ti cc chn d liu (DB0 DB7). WR (Write)Chn s 3, y l chn vo tch cc mc thp c dng bo cho ADC bit bt uqu trnh chuyn i. Nu CS = 0 khi WR to ra xung cao xung thp th bADC0804 bt u qu trnh chuyn i gi tr u vo tng t Vin v s nh phn 8

bit. Khi vic chuyn i hon tt th chn INTR c ADC h xung thp. CLK IN v CLK RCLK IN (chn s 4), l chn vo ni ti ng h ngoi c s dng to thi gian.Tuy nhin ADC0804 cng c mt b to xung ng h ring. dng ng h ringth cc chn CLK IN v CLK R (chn s 19) c ni vi mt t in v mt in tr(nh hnh v). Khi y tn s c xc nh bng biu thc:Vi R=10 k , C=150pF v tn s f=606 kHz v thi gian chuyn i l 110 s.

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Ngt INTR (Interupt)Chn s 5, l chn ra tch cc mc thp. Bnh thng chn ny trng thi cao v khivic chuyn i hon tt th n xung thp bo cho CPU bit l d liu chuyn isn sng ly i. Sau khi INTR xung thp, cn t CS = 0 v gi mt xung caoxung thp ti chn RD a d liu ra. Vin (+) v Vin (-)Chn s 6 v chn s 7, y l 2 u vo tng t vi sai, trong Vin = Vin (+) Vin (-).Thng thng Vin (-) c ni ti t v Vin (+) c dng lm u vo tng t v s cchuyn i v dng s. VccChn s 20, l chn ngun nui +5V. Chn ny cn c dng lm in p tham chiu

khi u vo Vref/2 h. Vref/2Chn s 9, l chn in p u vo c dng lm in p tham chiu. Nu chn nyh th in p u vo tng t cho ADC0804 nm trong di 0 - +5V. Tuy nhin, cnhiu ng dng m u va tng t p n Vin khc vi di 0 - +5V. Chn Vref/2c dng thc hin cc in p u ra khc 0 - +5V.

Bng quan h in p Vref/2 vi Vin

Vref/2 (V) Vin (V) Kch thc bc (mV)

H 0 5 5/256 = 19.53

2.0 0 4 4/256 = 15.621.5 0 3 3/256 = 11.71

1.28 0 2.56 2.56/256 = 10

1.0 0 2 2/256 = 7.81

0.5 0 1 1/256 = 3.90

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. D0 - D7D0 - D7, chn s 18 11, l cc chn ra d liu s (D7 l bit cao nht MSB v D0 l

bit thp nht LSB). Cc chn ny c m ba trng thi v d liu c chuyni ch c truy cp khi chn CS = 0 v chn RD a xung mc thp.

.CC BC CA QU TRNH CHUYN I. t WR =RD=1; Bt u bin i. t WR=0, tr( )ms. t li WR=1; Pht hin im kt thc ca qu trnh bin i khi INTR xung mc thp. (c s dng

bi ngt) t RD=0 v c d liu t DB0=>DB7. t RD=1. => kt thc chu trnh.

2.4 Hin th ( LCD 16x2)

2.4.1 cu to

Chc nng cc chn ca Module LCD 16x2:

Chn s K hiu Mc logic I/O Chc nng1 Vss - - Ngun cung cp(GND)2 Vdd - - Ngun cung cp(+5V)3 Vee - I in p iu chnh tng phn4 RS 0/1 I La chn thanh ghi

0= thanh ghi lnh1=thanh ghi d liu

5 R/W 0/1 I 0=ghi vo LCD module

1=c t LCD module6 E 1,1=>0 I Tn hiu cho php7 DB1 0/1 I/O Data bus line 0(LSB)8 DB2 0/1 I/O Data bus line19 DB3 0/1 I/O Data bus line210 DB4 0/1 I/O Data bus line311 DB5 0/1 I/O Data bus line412 DB6 0/1 I/O Data bus line513 DB7 0/1 I/O Data bus line614 DB8 0/1 I/O Data bus line7(MSB)15 Vcc - - Ngun cung cp16 GND - - mass

2.4.2 mch trong n:

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2.4.3 nguyn tc hin th k t trn LCDmt chng trnh hin th k t trn LCD s i theo bn bc sau:

1) Xa ton b mn hnh.2) t ch hin th.3) t v tr con tr (ni bt u ca k t hin th).4) Hin th k t.

Ch :+Cc bc 3, 4 c th lp li nhiu ln nu cn hin th nhiu k t.+ Mi khi thc hin ghi lnh hoc ghi d liu hin th ln LCD cn phi kim tra c bn trc. V vy, cn

phi ch ng phn phi thi gian khi ra lnh cho LCD( v d sau khi xa mn hnh sau khong 2ms mi ralnh khc v thi gian LCD xa mn hnh l 1,64ms).+ch hin th mc nh s l hin th dch, v trcon tr mc nh s l u dng th nht.

2.4.4 m lnh ca LCD HD4480

Lnh M lnh M t Thigian hnh

RS R/W

DB0 DB1 DB2 DB3 DB4 DB5 DB6 DB7

Xa mn hnh 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Xa mn hnh a contr v v tr u

1.64m

a con tr vv tr u

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 x a con tr v v tru

1.64m

Thit lp ch

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 I/D S Thit lp hng dchchuyn con tr(I/D),dch hin th(S)

40us

Bt tt hin th 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 D C B Bt tt hin th, con tr;bt tt ch nhpnhy con tr

40us

Dch con trhin th

0 0 0 0 0 1 S/C R/L * * Thit lp chiu dchchuyn ca con tr vhin th

40us

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Thit lp chcnng

0 0 0 0 1 DL N F * * Thit lp di ca dliu, s dng v fontch

40us

Thit lp ach CGRAM

0 0 0 1 CGRAM address Thit lp a chCGRAM

40us

Thit lp ach DDRAM

0 0 1 DDRAM address Thit lp a chDDRAM

40us

c c bobn v a chCGRAM/DDRAM

0 1 BF CGRAM/ DDRAM address c c bo bn v ach ca CGRAM hocDDRAM( ty vo lnhtrc )

40us

Ghi CGRAM/DDRAM

1 0 Write data Ghi d liu voCGRAM hocDDRAM.

40us

c CGRAM/DDRAM

1 1 Read data c d liu t CGRAMhoc DDRAM

40us

2.4.5 cc bit vit tt trong m lnh:

Tn bit M tI/D 0=khng dch chuyn v tr con

tr1=dch chuyn v tr con tr

S =0 khng dch chuyn hin th =1 dch chuyn hin thD 0=tt hin th =1 bt hin thC 0=tt con tr =1 bt con trB 0=con tr khng nhp nhy =1 con tr nhp nhyS/C 0=di chuyn con tr =1 dch chuyn hin thR/L 0= dch tri =1 dch phiDL 0=ch 4bit d liu =1 ch 8bit d liu

N 0=1 dng 1= 2 dngF 0= font 5x7 1= font 5x10BF 0= khng bn 1= ang bn

2.5 Khi n p dng IC 7805:

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Chng IIQu trnh thc hin

I.Lp trnh cho vi iu khin:#include#includesbit int_adc=P2^3;sbit rw_adc=P2^4;sbit rd_adc=P2^5;sbit EN_lcd=P2^2;sbit RW_lcd=P2 1;sbit RS_lcd=P2 0;sbit THANG1=P1^0;sbit THANG2=P1^1;sbit THANG3=P1^2;unsigned char x;float volt;void delay(unsigned int time)

{unsigned int i;for(i=0;i

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EN_lcd=1;delay(50);EN_lcd=0;delay(50);

}void write_string(char *s)

{ while(*s){write_data(*s);s++;}

}void thiet_lap_ban_dau(void)

{write_command(0x03);//dua con tro ve vi tri dau dongwrite_command(0x038);//2dong,font 5*7write_command(0x06);//dich con tro sang phaiwrite_command(0x0e);//bat hien thi,con tro nhap nhay}

void hienthi(){int tram,chuc,donvi,phan,phan1,phan2;int n;n=(int)(volt*100);tram=n/10000;chuc=(n%10000)/1000;donvi=((n%10000)%1000)/100;phan=((n%10000)%1000)%100;phan1=phan/10;phan2=phan%10;

if(tram!=0)write_data(48+tram);

if((tram!=0)&&(chuc==0)&&(donvi==0))write_data(48);

if((tram!=0)&&(chuc==0)&&(donvi!=0))

write_data(48);

if(chuc!=0)write_data(48+chuc);

if((donvi!=0)||(phan1!=0)||(phan2!=0)){

write_data(48+donvi);write_data('.');write_data(48+phan1);

write_data(48+phan2); }if((donvi==0)&&(phan1==0)&&(phan2==0))

write_data(48);

}void main(void)

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{thiet_lap_ban_dau();P3=0xff;while(1)

{write_command(0x01);//xoa man hinh

write_command(0x80);//tro ve dau dong thu nhatwrite_string("DIEN AP:");rd_adc=0;//cong dem 3 trang thai o dau ra Dout luon morw_adc=0;//bat dau bien doidelay(3);rw_adc=1;while(int_adc==0);x=P3;

if(THANG1==0){

volt=(float)(x*5)/255;if((volt2.5))

{write_command(0xc0);//tro ve dau dong thu hai

write_string(" KHONG DO DUOC ");delay(50000);}

else{hienthi();write_string("V");write_command(0xc0);//tro ve dau dong thu haiwrite_string("--HAN-THANG-TU--");delay(50000);}

}

if(THANG2==0){

volt=(float)(x*50)/255;if((volt25))

{write_command(0xc0);//tro ve dau dong thu hai

write_string(" KHONG DO DUOC ");delay(50000);}

else{hienthi();

write_string("V");write_command(0xc0);//tro ve dau dong thu haiwrite_string("--HAN-THANG-TU--");delay(50000);}

}if(THANG3==0)

{volt=(float)(x*500)/255;

if((volt250))

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{write_command(0xc0);//tro ve dau dong thu hai

write_string(" KHONG DO DUOC ");delay(50000);}

else {hienthi();write_string("V");write_command(0xc0);//tro ve dau dong thu haiwrite_string("--HAN-THANG-TU--");delay(50000);}

}}

}