Do Now Quiz

AIDS is an infectious disease that has reached epidemic proportions. Describe the nature of this disease and identify two ways to prevent or control the spread of infectious diseases, such as AIDS. In your response, be sure to include:

1. The type of pathogen that causes AIDS.

2. The system of the body that is attacked by that pathogen.

3. The effect on the body when this system is weakened by AIDS.

4. Two ways to prevent or control the spread of infectious diseases, such as AIDS.

LO: SWBAT describe malfunctions of the immune system and explain how they affect the body.

DN: h/o- HIV regents constructive response question

How can your immune system malfunction?

1. Allergies2. Asthma3. Autoimmune

Disease4. Organ

Transplants

What is an allergy?

• Overreaction of the immune system to a foreign substance that is harmless

• Can you think of materials that can cause allergic reactions?

What are things that cause allergies?

HOUSE DUST

BEE POLLEN

MOLD

RAGWEED

Allergens

Allergic reactions• Inflammatory response:

allergen attaches to mast cells which release histamines.

• Histamines are chemical that can trigger an inflammatory response (capillaries swell)

• Hives, nausea, or shock• What can we take for

allergies?

Antihistamine

Asthma is an allergic reaction

Allergic reaction that causes your respiratory ducts to swell

Autoimmune disease

The immune System fails in

distinguishingbetween self and

non-self.•Body is attacked by its own immune system

•Can affect any body system

Examples of Autoimmune diseases

Diabetes is a disease, which prevents the body from properly using food energy.

In MS, the immune system attacks the protective coating around nerves, called myelin.

Rheumatoid arthritis

Joints swell

organ transplants

• This is a kidney being removed from a donor

• The donor will have his own ID tags on the cell membrane. What are these ID tags called?

Why are transplants difficult?

• A transplanted organ is recognized as foreign and will produce antibodies to it.

How will the recipient react?

• The donor must be a “match” (must not see the antigens on it as foreign) for the recipient otherwise the immune system will reject the new organ

• The chance of REJECTION is less when the donor and recipient are closely related or when anti-rejection medication is used.

Why take an immunosuppressant?

It will suppress your immunesystem and reduce the chanceof destroying the transplantedorgan.What is the risk of suppressingthe immune system?

It increases the patient’s risk foran infection.

Name: __________ Date: _______Do Now Quiz #1 #: _______

1. Describe the difference between active immunity and passive immunity.

2. Describe two ways in which you can get active immunity.

3. Describe two ways in which you can get passive immunity.