DO NOWDO NOW

Describe the ways in which Classical Greece Describe the ways in which Classical Greece has influenced aspects of ‘Murican politics and has influenced aspects of ‘Murican politics and society.society.

Get ready to sing Chinese Dynasty Song:Get ready to sing Chinese Dynasty Song:

Shang, Zhou, Qin, HanShang, Zhou, Qin, Han

Sui, Tang, SongSui, Tang, Song

Yuan, Ming, Qing, RepublicYuan, Ming, Qing, Republic

Mao ZedongMao Zedong

Period 2: Period 2: Organization and Reorganization of

Human Societies

(c. 600 B.C.E. to c. 600 C.E.)

Key ConceptsKey Concepts

2.1 The Development and Codification of Religious and Cultural Tradition

2.2 The Development of States and Empires

2.3 Emergence of Transregional Networks of Communication and Exchange

The Mediterranean WorldThe Mediterranean World

Minoan CivilizationMinoan Civilization

Crete, ca 1700 BCECrete, ca 1700 BCE

Fertile SoilFertile Soil IsolationIsolation Limited Resources encouraged Limited Resources encouraged

immigration, tradeimmigration, trade Trade and contact with Egypt, Trade and contact with Egypt,

Mesopotamia, other Mediterranean islandsMesopotamia, other Mediterranean islands WealthyWealthy Little evidence of militaryLittle evidence of military

ArtisticArtistic Social and Gender Social and Gender

EqualityEquality Anthropomorphic Anthropomorphic

religion with religion with Goddesses dominantGoddesses dominant

The Palace of KnossosThe Palace of Knossos

Minoan ArtMinoan Art

Linear A and BLinear A and B

The Mycenaeans The Mycenaeans

Settled in mainland Greece before and Settled in mainland Greece before and after the Minoan collapseafter the Minoan collapse

Minoan weakness allowed Mycenaeans to Minoan weakness allowed Mycenaeans to gain strengthgain strength

Mycenean CultureMycenean Culture

WarlikeWarlike

PatriarchalPatriarchal

Adapted Minoan cultureAdapted Minoan culture

MonarchiesMonarchies

Merchants and tradersMerchants and traders

Wealth concentrated in hands of monarchsWealth concentrated in hands of monarchs

Major cities: Mycenae, TirynsMajor cities: Mycenae, Tiryns

Mycenaean DeclineMycenaean Decline

Conflict between Troy Conflict between Troy and Mycenaeand Mycenae

Population decline in Population decline in citiescities

Ca 1100 BCE, cities Ca 1100 BCE, cities abandonedabandoned

The Real Trojan WarThe Real Trojan War

Troy RuinsTroy Ruins

Development of the PolisDevelopment of the Polis

Ca 800 BCE: Trade revivedCa 800 BCE: Trade revived Market places formed in villagesMarket places formed in villages Small villages combined for better trade Small villages combined for better trade

and self-defenseand self-defense City-states developed around acropolisesCity-states developed around acropolises

Classical Greece ca 750- ca 350 Classical Greece ca 750- ca 350 BCEBCE

Classical GreeceClassical Greece

Independent city-Independent city-states (polises)states (polises)

Two dominant city Two dominant city states: Athens and states: Athens and SpartaSparta

Patriarchal Patriarchal PolytheisticPolytheistic

Athenian Political DevelopmentAthenian Political Development

AllAll polises began as monarchies polises began as monarchies Monarchies were replaced by oligarchies: Monarchies were replaced by oligarchies:

rule by a few.rule by a few. Oligarchies are also called aristocraciesOligarchies are also called aristocracies

Notable Athenian OligarchsNotable Athenian Oligarchs

Draco: harsh lawsDraco: harsh laws Known for his harsh lawsKnown for his harsh laws Death was a punishment Death was a punishment

even minor offenseseven minor offenses

Solon: wise lawsSolon: wise laws He is credited for laying He is credited for laying

the foundations for the foundations for democracydemocracy

Cleisthenes: Father of DemocracyCleisthenes: Father of Democracy

508/507 BCE508/507 BCE All citizens members of the All citizens members of the

Assembly (direct democracy)Assembly (direct democracy) Citizens: male property Citizens: male property

owners over 21, born in owners over 21, born in AthensAthens

Council of 500 the governing Council of 500 the governing bodybody

Assembly met in the agora Assembly met in the agora (market place)(market place)

Society in AthensSociety in Athens

Patriarchic societyPatriarchic society Women excluded from the democratic systemWomen excluded from the democratic system Women were not given an educationWomen were not given an education

Only landowning citizens could participate in Only landowning citizens could participate in democracydemocracy

Outsiders were often not granted citizenshipOutsiders were often not granted citizenship Slaves:Slaves:

People who had a lot of debtPeople who had a lot of debt Prisoners of warPrisoners of war

Religion in AthensReligion in Athens

Polytheistic ReligionPolytheistic Religion Had a Had a PantheonPantheon of gods of gods Their gods controlled different elements of natureTheir gods controlled different elements of nature Religion integrated into literature and visual artsReligion integrated into literature and visual arts Gods were a center for storytellingGods were a center for storytelling

Culture in AthensCulture in Athens

Greeks developed literature that focused on Greeks developed literature that focused on comedies, tragedies, and epics.comedies, tragedies, and epics.

Examples: Oedipus Rex, Iliad, OdysseyExamples: Oedipus Rex, Iliad, Odyssey

SpartaSparta

Militarist: focused on Militarist: focused on maintaining a highly maintaining a highly trained armytrained army

Oligarchy: ruled by Two Oligarchy: ruled by Two KingsKings

Social and Gender Social and Gender EqualityEquality

SpartaSparta

Boys taken from home at 7, trained as Boys taken from home at 7, trained as soldierssoldiers

Girls underwent vigorous PE training to Girls underwent vigorous PE training to prepare for motherhoodprepare for motherhood

Greatest warriors of ancient Greece, but Greatest warriors of ancient Greece, but neglected art, literature, and scienceneglected art, literature, and science

The Persian Wars 499-480 BCEThe Persian Wars 499-480 BCE

Battle of Marathon 490 BCEBattle of Marathon 490 BCE

26 miles from Athens26 miles from Athens

Athenian hoplites using Athenian hoplites using phalanx defeated phalanx defeated PersiansPersians

Great event in Great event in Athenian historyAthenian history

22ndnd Persian Invasion 480 BCE Persian Invasion 480 BCE

Persian King Xerxes Persian King Xerxes launched major launched major invasion of Greeceinvasion of Greece

150,000 man army150,000 man army 600 ship navy600 ship navy

ThermopylaeThermopylae

The Golden Age of Athens 480-404 The Golden Age of Athens 480-404 BCEBCE

Athens dominant city-state, led Delian Athens dominant city-state, led Delian LeagueLeague

Rich and powerfulRich and powerful

Under Pericles, magnificent architectureUnder Pericles, magnificent architecture

THE DELIAN LEAGUETHE DELIAN LEAGUE

The ParthenonThe Parthenon

Greek artGreek art

Peloponnesian Wars 431-404 BCEPeloponnesian Wars 431-404 BCE

⬜ Peloponnesian War Peloponnesian War (431 to 404 BCE)(431 to 404 BCE)◼ War between Athens and Sparta and their War between Athens and Sparta and their

alliesallies◼ Sparta wins, but leaves most of city-states Sparta wins, but leaves most of city-states

weakweak◼ Philip II – King of Macedonia takes advantage Philip II – King of Macedonia takes advantage

of weakness and conquers much of Greece of weakness and conquers much of Greece and unites them under his powerand unites them under his power

Peloponnesian WarsPeloponnesian Wars

Greek PhilosophyGreek Philosophy

IndividualismIndividualism Ethical Behavior, Ethical Behavior,

sense of right and sense of right and wrongwrong

Separate from Separate from religious beliefsreligious beliefs

Socrates 469-399 BCESocrates 469-399 BCE

Know ThyselfKnow Thyself Question EverythingQuestion Everything Only the Pursuit of Only the Pursuit of

Goodness brings Goodness brings HappinessHappiness

Condemned to Condemned to Suicide for Suicide for ““Corrupting the Youth Corrupting the Youth of Athensof Athens””

Plato 427-347 BCEPlato 427-347 BCE

Student of SocratesStudent of Socrates ““The RepublicThe Republic””: :

philosopher-kingsphilosopher-kings Founder of The Founder of The

AcademyAcademy ““The Prisoners in the The Prisoners in the

CaveCave”” and the Ideal and the Ideal Forms.Forms.

Aristotle 384-322 BCEAristotle 384-322 BCE

Student of PlatoStudent of Plato Founder of The LyceumFounder of The Lyceum Scientific MethodScientific Method The Golden Mean (moderation)The Golden Mean (moderation) LogicLogic

Alexander The Great 356-323 BCEAlexander The Great 356-323 BCE

Son of King Philip of Son of King Philip of Macedon, who had Macedon, who had conquered Greececonquered Greece

Student of AristotleStudent of Aristotle ““Greek mindGreek mind”” Became King at age Became King at age

21 and set out to 21 and set out to conquer the world.conquer the world.

Conquered the Persian Empire, Egypt, Conquered the Persian Empire, Egypt, and the Fertile Crescent.and the Fertile Crescent.

Eventually pushed to Indus River ValleyEventually pushed to Indus River Valley Encouraged Encouraged ““HellenizationHellenization”” of Middle of Middle

Eastern culturesEastern cultures Resulted in Cultural Diffusion and Resulted in Cultural Diffusion and

development of Hellenistic culture development of Hellenistic culture throughout his empirethroughout his empire

Died of fever at age 33.Died of fever at age 33.

AlexanderAlexander’’s Empire After His Deaths Empire After His Death

Divided by his Divided by his generalsgenerals

Hellenistic culture, Hellenistic culture, cross-cultural trade cross-cultural trade continuedcontinued

Linked Mediterranean Linked Mediterranean with India, Chinawith India, China

Preserved Greek Preserved Greek cultureculture