Do Now

A boy has Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD). DMD is a sex linked disease (X chromosome). If he has children with a women who is not a carrier - can his sons and daughters have this disease?

DO Now

A boy is recessive for colorblindness (x linked trait). If he has children with someone who is a carrier for colorblindness what will the phenotype and genotypes look like.

Homework Due Friday

Ecology Review for testChapter 3 pages 62-80Questions page 83 # 1- 10Questions 85 # 1-7

Do Now

Cross a heterozygous tall pea plant with a homozygous short plant. What are the phenotypes and genotypes .

Cross GgTt xGgTt ( G = green gg = yellowT=Tall tt= dwarf). List all possible

combinations. Hint 9:3:3:1.

AIM

Quiz on Punnett Squares

begin review for State of California Testing – Next Week!

Friday review and research “Biology Project!”

What is a Virus? How is it different from Bacteria?

For one thing, they differ greatly in size. The biggest viruses are only as large as the tiniest bacteria.

Another difference is their structure. Bacteria are complex compared to viruses.

Bacteria

A virus may or may not have an outermost spiky layer called the envelope. All viruses have a protein coat and a core of genetic material, either DNA or RNA. And that's it. Period.

Which brings us to the main difference between viruses and bacteria—the way they reproduce

Reproduction

Viral vs. Bacterial Reproduction Bacteria contain the genetic blueprint (DNA) and

all the tools (ribosomes, proteins, etc.) they need to reproduce themselves.

Viruses are moochers. They contain only a limited genetic blueprint and they don't have the necessary building tools. They have to invade other cells and hijack their cellular machinery to reproduce. Viruses invade by attaching to a cell and injecting their genes or by being swallowed up by the cell.

These are T4 bacteriophages (back-tear-e-oh-faj-es). They are a kind of virus that infects bacteria. Here they

are landing on the surface of an E. coli bacterium.

How to identify Prokaryotes?

Shape - Rod shaped are called bacilli. Spherical shaped are called cocci. Spirilla are shaped like corkscrew-shaped.

Cell Walls – some are thicker called Gram-positive.

Movement –

Prokaryotes placed in two Kingdoms

Prokaryotes are divided into two groups1) Kingdom Eubacteria - Example, E. coli,

they live in fresh water, on land, and within human body. They are surronded by cell wall that contains peptidoglycan – a carbohydrate.

Archaebacteria

Second class of prokaryotes – they live in extreme conditions, example- hot springs, salt lakes and cow’s gut.

They lack peptidoglycan and the DNA sequences are more like those of eukaryotes than those of eubacteria.

How do Prokaryotes get/make energy?

Heterotrophs - Chemoheterotrophs take in organic

molecules for energy and carbon. Are Humans chemoheterotrophs.

Photoheterotrophs – they photosynthesize but they also take in organic compounds.

Autotrophs

Photoautotrophs – use light energy to convert Co2 And water to carbon compounds and oxygen.

What Viruses Mean to You

If you have ever had a cold, you are probably familiar with the word virus. It is a word that makes most people frown.

Section 19-2

Interest Grabber

1. What do you think of when you hear the word virus? Make a list of all the words you can think of that relate to viruses.

2. What are two things that you would like to find out about viruses?

T4 BacteriophageTobacco Mosaic

Virus Influenza Virus

Head

Tail sheath

DNA

Tail fiber

RNACapsid

Surfaceproteins Membrane

envelope

RNA

Capsidproteins

Section 19-2

Figure 19-9 Virus Structures

Figure 19-10 Lytic and Lysogenic Infections

Section 19-2

Figure 19-11 Viruses and Cells

Bacteria vs. HumansBacteria are all around you—in the air you breathe, under your feet, on your skin, and

even in your body! They may be tiny, but they can still have an impact on your life.

Use what you already know about bacteria to answer these questions.

Section 19-3

Interest Grabber

Tooth decay

Lyme disease

Tetanus

Tuberculosis

Salmonella food poisoning

Pneumonia

Cholera

Streptococcus mutans

Borrelia burgdorferi

Clostridium tetani

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Salmonella enteritidis

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Vibrio cholerae

Regular dental hygiene

Protection from tick bites

Current tetanus vaccination

Vaccination

Proper food-handling practices

Maintaining good health

Clean water supplies

Disease Pathogen Prevention

Section 19-3

Common Diseases Caused by Bacteria

Oncogenic viruses

Retrovirus

Adenoviruses

Herpesviruses

Poxviruses

DNA

RNA

DNA

DNA

DNA

Cancer

Cancer, AIDS

Respiratory infections

Chickenpox

Smallpox

Type of Virus Nucleic Acid Disease

Section 19-3

Common Diseases Caused by Viruses