Do Now: 7 Billion and Counting

• Movie Clip: Answer the following in your notebooks:

1) What is the demographic transition?

AIM: WHAT FACTORS INFLUENCE THE SIZE OF THE HUMAN POPULATION?

The Human Population Can Grow, Decline, or Remain Fairly Stable

• Population change– Births: fertility– Deaths: mortality– Migration

• Population change = (births + immigration) – (deaths + emigration)

• Crude birth rate: # live births/1000/year

• Crude death rate: # deaths/1000/year

Women Having Fewer Babies but Not Few Enough to Stabilize the World’s Population• Fertility rate– number of children born to a woman during her

lifetime• Replacement-level fertility rate– Average number of children a couple must have to

replace themselves– 2.1 in developed countries– Up to 2.5 in developing countries

• Total fertility rate (TFR)– Average number of children born to women in a

population

Total fertility rate, 1955-2010

Fig. 6-5, p. 130

2010 Rate of Population Increase

Figure 11, Supplement 8

Figure 12, Supplement 8

Total Fertility Rate

Which region of the world has the higest TFR and why?

Do you understand why the population growth rate is slow yet 7 billion people?

Case Study: The U.S. Population Is Growing Rapidly

• Population still growing and not leveling off– 76 million in 1900– 310 million in 2010

• Drop in TFR in U.S.– Rate of population growth has slowed

• Changes in lifestyle in the U.S. during the 20th century

Life in 1900

• Three leading causes of death in 1907: where pneumonia, tuberculosis, and diarrhea.

• 90% of US doctors had no college education• 1/5 adults could not read or write• only 6% graduated from HS• 9,000 cars on the road• Marijuana, heroine, morphine available over

the counter in drug stores.

U.S. TFRs and birth rates 1917-2010

Fig. 6-6, p. 131

Fig. 6-7, p. 132

20th Century Lifestyle Changes in the U.S.

Which of these changes Do you think were the

Most important?

Fig. 6-7, p. 132

Life expectancy

Married women working outside the

home 81%8%

77 years47 years

High school graduates 83%

Homes with flush toilets 98%

Homes with electricity

2%99%

10%

15%

People living in suburbs

10%52%

1900Hourly

manufacturing job wage

$3 2000

$15

Homicides per 100,000 people

1.25.8

Several Factors Affect Birth Rates and Fertility Rates (1)

• Children as part of the labor force

• Cost of raising and educating children

• Availability of private and public pension

• Urbanization

• Educational and employment opportunities for women

Several Factors Affect Birth Rates and Fertility Rates (2)

• Average age of a woman at birth of first child

• Availability of legal abortions

• Availability of reliable birth control methods

• Religious beliefs, traditions, and cultural norms

Do you understand what impacts birth rates?

Fig. 6-8, p. 132

Girl Carrying Well Water in India

Fig. 6-9, p. 133

Child Laborers in India

Several Factors Affect Death Rates (1)

• Life expectancy

• Infant mortality rate– Number of live births that die in first year

• Why are people living longer?– Increased food supply and distribution– Better nutrition– Medical advances– Improved sanitation

Several Factors Affect Death Rates (2)• U.S. is 54th in world for infant mortality rate

• U.S. infant mortality rate high due to– Inadequate health care for poor women during

pregnancy and their infants– Drug addiction among pregnant women– High birth rate among teenagers

Fig. 6-10, p. 134

Infant Mortality Rates, 1950-2010

Figure 13, Supplement 8

Infant Mortality Rates in 2010

Which region has the highest infant mortality rate and why?

Do you understand what impacts death rates?

Migration Affects an Area’s Population Size• Economic improvement

• Religious freedom

• Political freedom

• Wars

• Environmental refugees

Case Study: The United States: A Nation of Immigrants

• Historical role of immigration in the U.S.

• Legal immigration

• Illegal immigration

• Controversy over immigration policy

Fig. 6-11, p. 135

Legal Immigration to the U.S. between 1820 and 2006

Summary: Human Population Environmental Impact

• Movie Clip: Answer the following in your notebook:

1) How has the growth in human population altered/impacted the environment?