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1. Grab your portfolio2. What is a biome? (look in your notes if you

forgot)

Ecosystem

Biotic• Living• Lived before• Can be dead• Can be parts of living things

Abiotic• Nonliving• Have never lived• Are not dead• Are not parts of living things

Ecosystem

• All of the abiotic (nonliving) & biotic (living) factors in an area

• Biomes are made up of ecosystems

Biomes

• The world’s major communities• Classified according to vegetation and

organisms

5 Major Biome Types

• Tundra• Grasslands• Aquatic• Forests• Desert

Biotic & abiotic factors determine biome classification

Biosphere

• The biosphere includes all life on earth

• Biodiversity is the degree of variation (differences) of life forms within a given species, ecosystem, biome or entire planet.

Biodiversity

• Why is biodiversity good?• Why is biodiversity necessary?• What happens if biodiversity is decreased?

Biodiversity

BIOMES• Biome Video 1• Biome Video 2

Biomes

Tundra Climate• COLD!• Permafrost: a layer of permanently frozen sub

soil• Short cool summer: Ground soggy and wet• Small and stunted plants

Tundra Biotic Factors

• Small and stunted plants• Few birds• Few mammals

Tundra Abiotic Factors

• Strong winds• Low Precipitation• Short & Soggy Summers• Long, cold dark winters

Tundra Abiotic Location

• NORTH North America• Asia• Europe

Desert Climate

• DRY• Many alternate between hot and cold• Organisms can tolerate extreme conditions

Desert Biotic Factors

• Cacti and other succulents• Plants with short growth

cycles• Predators: mountain lions,

gray foxes, bobcats• Herbivores: dder, antelope• Bats, birds, hawks, owls,

rattlesnakes, lizards

Desert Abiotic Factors

• Low precipitation• Variable temps.• Soils rich in minerals• Poor organic material in soil

Desert Location

• Africa• Asia• Middle East• United States• Mexico• South America• Australia

Forest

AREA DOMINATED BY TREES• Tropical Dry Forests• Tropical Rain Forests• Boreal Forest• Temperate Forest

Tropical Rain Forest

More species than all other biomes combinedSUPER tall trees (canopy) & shorter trees

Tropical Rain Forest Abiotic

Hot and wet year roundThin, nutrient poor soil

Tropical Rain Forest Biotic

Broad leaved treesFernsWoody vinesSloths, jaguars, anteaters, monkeys, toucans, parrots, butterflies, anaconda

Tropical Rain Forest Location

South & Central America, Southeast Asia, Africa, Southern Indian, Northeastern Australia

Tropical Dry Forest Climate

• Rainfall is highly seasonal• Deciduous trees

Tropical Dry Forest Abiotic

• Generally warm year round• Alternating wet & dry seasons• Rich soil

Tropical Dry Forest Biotic

• Tall, deciduous trees – dense canopy• Succulents• Tigers, Monkeys, elephants, rhinos, pelicans,

termites, reptiles

Tropical Dry Forest Location

• Parts of Africa, South & Central America, Mexico, India, Australia and Tropical Islands

Boreal Forest (Taiga)

• Northern Edge of Temperate Zone• Dense Evergreen Coniferous trees• COLD winters• Mild summers• Northern Hemisphere

Boreal Forest Abiotic

• LONG cold winters• Short mild summers• Moderate precipitation• High Humidity• Nutrient Poor Soils

Boreal Forest Biotic

• Coniferous Trees – Spruce & Fir• Some Deciduous Trees• Lynx, Timberwolves, weasels, moose, small

mammals, migratory birds

Boreal Forest Location

• North America, Asia, Northern Europe

Temperate Forest Climate

• Deciduous and Coniferous Trees• Cold Winters & Warm Summers

Temperate Forest Abiotic

• Cold to moderate winters & warm summers• Year-round precipitation• Fertile Soil

Temperate Forest Biotic

• Both Deciduous & Conifers Trees, Flowers, Mosses and ferns

• Deer, Black Bears, Bobcats, squirrels, raccoons, skunks, songbirds

Temperate Forest Location

• Easter United States, Southeastern Canada, Most of Europe, Parts of Japan, China and Australia

Tropical Savanna Climate

• More seasonal rainfall than deserts, less than tropics

• Cover of grasses• Isolated Trees• Large animals

Tropical Savanna Abiotic• Warm Temps.• Seasonal rainfall• Compact Soil• Frequent Fires

Tropical Savanna Biotic

• Tall, perennial grasses, drought-tolerant and fire-resistant trees or shrubs

• Predators: lions, leopards, cheetahs• Herbivores: elephants, giraffes, antelopes,

zebras• Birds: Eagles, ostriches birds, storks

Tropical Savanna Location

• Large parts of Eastern Africa, Southern Brazil, Northern Australia

Temperate Grassland

• Mix of grasses• Fertile Soil• Most converted to agriculture • Periodic fires & grazing

Temperate Grassland Abiotic

• Warm to hot summers, cold winters• Moderate, seasonal precipitation• Fertile soils

Temperate Grassland Biotic

• A lot of grasses – most resistant to drought or fire

• Coyotes, badgers, mule deer, antelope, rabbits, prairie dogs, cattle (introduced)

Temperate Grassland Location

• Central Asia, North America, Australia, Central Europe, South America

Aquatic

• Marine• Freshwater

Aquatic Climate

• Bodies of water

Aquatic Abiotic

Marine• Salt Water

Freshwater• Freshwater

Aquatic Biotic

• Animals and plants that can live in water

Aquatic Location