Do Now:Do Now:• If you had to make a speechIf you had to make a speech, what , what

would you do? Try to think of the would you do? Try to think of the way in which you would approach this way in which you would approach this task.task.

Turn to your partner, and Turn to your partner, and narrow this narrow this list down to TWOlist down to TWO procedures. procedures.

Aim: How do you Aim: How do you assess the writing assess the writing situation?situation?

Situation/ContextSituation/Context

Aim: How do you Aim: How do you assess the writing assess the writing situation?situation?

• SOAPSToneSOAPSTone: a strategy for reading and : a strategy for reading and writingwriting

• SOAPSToneSOAPSTone is an acronym for is an acronym for a series of a series of questions questions that students must first ask that students must first ask themselves, and then answer, themselves, and then answer, as they as they begin to plan their compositionsbegin to plan their compositions. .

Who is the Who is the SSpeaker? peaker?

The voice that tells the story. The voice that tells the story. Before you Before you begin to write, you must decide whose voice begin to write, you must decide whose voice is going to be heard. Whether this voice is going to be heard. Whether this voice belongs to a fictional character or to the belongs to a fictional character or to the writer, you should determine how to insert writer, you should determine how to insert and develop those attributes of the speaker and develop those attributes of the speaker that will influence the perceived meaning of that will influence the perceived meaning of the piece. the piece.

What is the What is the OOccasion? ccasion?

The time and the place of the pieceThe time and the place of the piece; the context ; the context that prompted the writing. Writing does not that prompted the writing. Writing does not occur in a vacuum. All writers are influenced by occur in a vacuum. All writers are influenced by the the larger occasionlarger occasion: an environment of ideas, : an environment of ideas, attitudes, and emotions that swirl around a broad attitudes, and emotions that swirl around a broad issue. Then there is the issue. Then there is the immediate occasionimmediate occasion: an : an event or situation that catches the writer's event or situation that catches the writer's attention and triggers a response. attention and triggers a response.

Who is the Who is the AAudience?udience?

The group of readers to whom this piece is The group of readers to whom this piece is directed. directed. As you begin to write, you must As you begin to write, you must determine who the audience is that you intend determine who the audience is that you intend to address. It may be one person or a specific to address. It may be one person or a specific group. This choice of audience will affect how group. This choice of audience will affect how and why you write a particular text.and why you write a particular text.

What is the What is the PPurpose?urpose?

The reason behind the text. The reason behind the text. You You need to consider the purpose of need to consider the purpose of the text in order to develop the the text in order to develop the thesis thesis or the argument and its logic. or the argument and its logic. You should ask yourself, "What You should ask yourself, "What do I want my audience to think do I want my audience to think or do as a or do as a result of reading my text?“result of reading my text?“

To inform, to persuade, to To inform, to persuade, to entertain…entertain…

What is the What is the SSubject?ubject?

The thesis and material of your The thesis and material of your writing. writing. You should be able to state You should be able to state the subject in a few words or the subject in a few words or phrases. This step helps you to focus phrases. This step helps you to focus on the task throughout the writing on the task throughout the writing process.process.

What is the What is the TTone? one?

The attitude of the author. The attitude of the author. The spoken word can The spoken word can convey the speaker's attitude and thus help to impart convey the speaker's attitude and thus help to impart meaning through tone of voice. With the written word, meaning through tone of voice. With the written word, it is tone that extends meaning beyond the literal, and it is tone that extends meaning beyond the literal, and you must learn to convey this tone in your diction you must learn to convey this tone in your diction (choice of words), syntax (sentence construction), and (choice of words), syntax (sentence construction), and imagery (metaphors, similes, and other types of imagery (metaphors, similes, and other types of figurative language). The ability to manage tone is one figurative language). The ability to manage tone is one of the best indicators of a sophisticated writer.of the best indicators of a sophisticated writer.

An example An example with reading…reading…

• ““America, in the face of our common America, in the face of our common dangers, in this winter of our hardship, dangers, in this winter of our hardship, let us remember these timeless words. let us remember these timeless words. With hope and virtue, let us brave once With hope and virtue, let us brave once more the icy currents, and endure what more the icy currents, and endure what storms may come. Let it be said by our storms may come. Let it be said by our children's children that when we were children's children that when we were tested we refused to let this journey end, tested we refused to let this journey end, that we did not turn back nor did we that we did not turn back nor did we falter; and with eyes fixed on the horizon falter; and with eyes fixed on the horizon and God's grace upon us, we carried forth and God's grace upon us, we carried forth that great gift of freedom and delivered that great gift of freedom and delivered it safely to future generations.it safely to future generations. “

Barack Obama, Barack Obama, January 20January 20thth, 2009, 2009

• SSpeaker: President Obamapeaker: President Obama• OOccasion: Inaugural addressccasion: Inaugural address• AAudience: The American udience: The American

peoplepeople• PPurpose: To comfort, to urpose: To comfort, to

inspire, to reassureinspire, to reassure• SSubject: America’s strength ubject: America’s strength

will allow her to survive, will allow her to survive, prosper, and triumph. prosper, and triumph.

• ToneTone: Confident, passionate, : Confident, passionate, determineddetermined

An example with writing…

• The Situation: Your social studies class is The Situation: Your social studies class is studying 20th-century American inventions. studying 20th-century American inventions. For your project, you have decided to write a For your project, you have decided to write a report about the invention of the electric report about the invention of the electric guitar and how it has helped to shape guitar and how it has helped to shape contemporary music. In preparation for contemporary music. In preparation for writing your report, listen to an account by writing your report, listen to an account by historian Monica M. Smith about the historian Monica M. Smith about the invention of the electric guitar. Then use invention of the electric guitar. Then use relevant information from the account to relevant information from the account to write your report.write your report.

– August 2008, ELA Regents Task I

• Writing Prompt: Introduce readers to Writing Prompt: Introduce readers to a place that you have visited. For a place that you have visited. For example, you might take readers into example, you might take readers into an unfamiliar or exotic world—a scuba an unfamiliar or exotic world—a scuba diving expedition, a spelunking diving expedition, a spelunking adventure, or a boat trip through the adventure, or a boat trip through the Everglades. Or you could encourage Everglades. Or you could encourage readers to visit a favorite museum, readers to visit a favorite museum, historic district, or park (or historic district, or park (or discourage them from visiting a place discourage them from visiting a place you found disappointing). Or you you found disappointing). Or you could introduce readers to a foreign could introduce readers to a foreign country or an ethnic neighborhood country or an ethnic neighborhood with which you are familiar.with which you are familiar.

Aim: How do you Aim: How do you assess the writing assess the writing situation?situation?

SS

OO

AA

PP

SS

ToneTone

Homework #2

• Complete the SOAPSTone in Complete the SOAPSTone in your notebook (Subject and your notebook (Subject and Tone). Tone).

• Be specific and record your Be specific and record your answers in LIST form (as we answers in LIST form (as we did in class). did in class).