DNA Y’all!!!!!

Aka Deoxyribonucleic Acid with RNA

Wazzup with that name??!!

Well if you breakdown the word

De-oxy-ribo-nucleic Acid it’d go like this…

De, pronounced deee, means remove. Remove what, you say?

Oxy’s pretty simple, it’s oxygen. Duh. So, it’s a molecule with an oxygen removed.Ribo’s short for ribose. Ribose is a type of sugar. Now it’s a sugar missing an oxygen.Nucleic means this is found in the nucleus, and acid means it donates protons.

DNA vs RNA

If you look carefully at both sugar’s number 2 carbons, deoxyribose, has an oxygen removed. Get it? De-oxy. Coolio huh.

RNA, is ribonucleic acid.

Remember polymers?

Remember proteins, fats, and carbohydrates? Well, the last class of macromolecules are called nucleic acids.

Also remember, that monomers create these long-chained polymers. Think of a zipper. A tooth is a monomer, the whole zipper’s the polymer. Get it?

For DNA, think nucleic acid’s the monomer, DNA’s the polymer. A nucleotide is technically the

monomer. Here’s a nucleotide..

…a nucleotide (aka monomer).

There are four bases. They are: Guanine,

Cytosine,

Adenine,

Thymine.

Here’s our sweet friend, deoxyribose.

Phosphate completes the trio called a nucleotide.

DNA 3D

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4 Types of Nucleotides

Nucleotides are the monomers but it’s their sequence in the DNA ladder that’s important!

Bases are abbreviated:

A, G, C, TLook above, and see how the bases pair. Patterns?

Base Pair Rules

As a proofreading mechanism, each base’s shape complimentary base pairs with each other (pyrimidine binds to a purine). So, A-T; G-C.

DNA=polymer, nucleotide=monomer

Here’s the nucleotide (base).

See how they pair up opposite of each other? You do this long enough you get a polymer. This polymer’s DNA!

How many base pairs do you see?

Chromosomes and DNA replication

What do you remember from Mitosis? Why are chromosomes X-shaped? What does replication mean?

Replication occurs before Mitosis

Chromosomes and DNA replication

We want to double the genetic information because we want each daughter cell to have the correct information.

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Chromosomes and DNA replication wrap-up

Enzymes unzip DNA into 2 strands.

DNA polymerase, then attaches bases complimentary to exposed parent (template) strand.

When done replicating, you have a replicated chromosome.Think zipper!

Review

DNA’s a polymer made by nucleotides (monomers).

There are 4 nucleotides or bases. A,T,G,C

A-T,G-C are the base pair rules.

Replication involves enzymes that unzip DNA to create two sister chromatids for the daughter cells. Think ZIPPER!

This happens before mitosis.