DNA Transcription & Protein Translation. DNA Transcription DNA must be copied to messenger RNA...
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Transcript of DNA Transcription & Protein Translation. DNA Transcription DNA must be copied to messenger RNA...
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DNA Transcription & Protein Translation
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DNA Transcription
DNA must be copied to messenger RNA (mRNA) in the nucleus
mRNA travels from nucleus to the ribosomes in cytoplasm
Every set of three bases on mRNA is called a codon
Remember RNA has uracil (U) instead of thymine (T), it has one strand and it contains the sugar ribose, not deoxyribose!
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Transcription – Step I
A C G T A T C G C G T A
T G C A T A G C G C A T
DNA Strands
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Transcription – Step II
A C G T A T C G C G T A
U G C A U A G C G C A U
One side of the DNA is Matched Up with a Complementary mRNA strand
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Transcription – Step III
mRNA leaves nucleus and goes to ribosomes
U G C A U A G C G C A U
A new complementary RNA strand is made for the other side of the DNA
A C G U A U C G C G U A
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Transcription Reminders
The template strand is the DNA strand being copied
The rRNA strand is the same as the DNA strand except Us have replaced Ts
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Protein Translation
Modified genetic code is “translated” into proteins
tRNA matches the codons (set of 3 bases on the mRNA) with its own set of three bases (anticodon)
Each piece of tRNA brings in an amino acid– 20 amino acids
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tRNA in cytoplasm has a codon attached to an amino acid
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tRNA structure
3-base code (triplet) is an “anticodon” Protein molecule Attached amino acid that is carried from
cytoplasm to ribosomes
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Protein Synthesis
Start: Ribosome binds to mRNA at start codon (AUG)
Elongation: – tRNA complexes bind to mRNA codon by forming
complementary base pairs with the tRNA anticodon– The ribosome moves from codon to codon along the
mRNA. – Amino acids are added one by one
Release: release factor binds to the stop codon
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