DNA Structure and Replication1 DNA Structure and Replication Chapter 14 (Chromatin, oncogenes & TSG...
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Transcript of DNA Structure and Replication1 DNA Structure and Replication Chapter 14 (Chromatin, oncogenes & TSG...
![Page 1: DNA Structure and Replication1 DNA Structure and Replication Chapter 14 (Chromatin, oncogenes & TSG in Chapter 10) Topics you are not responsible for:](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062802/56649edb5503460f94bead4c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
DNA Structure and Replication 1
DNA Structure and Replication
Chapter 14 (Chromatin, oncogenes & TSG
in Chapter 10)
Topics you are not responsible for:Section 14.5: eukaryote replicationSection (p 268-269) on ‘replisomes’
End of Chapter questions:Understand: allApply: 1 – 6 & 8Synthesize: 1 & 3
Do all mQuiz questions
Do MolnQuiry Nucleic Acids Chapter
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DNA Structure and Replication 2
History of the discovery of the genetic material - 1?
Bacteriophages infect Cells with DNA alone
Alfred Hershey Martha Chase experiments -- 1928
-- radiolabeled DNA and protein
HC-Experiment
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DNA Structure and Replication 3
History of the discovery of the genetic material - 2?
P.A. Levene showed DNA isa polymer of nucleotides
Erwin Chargaff showed DNAcomposition differs among organisms
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DNA Structure and Replication 4
What is the structure of a DNA strand?
Nucleotides
Phosphodiester linkages
Sugar-Phosphate Bone
3’ to 5’ orientation
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DNA Structure and Replication 5
History of the discovery of the genetic material - 3?
J. Watson, F. Crick, R. Franklin and M. Wilkins
Determined the 3-D structure
What did Franklin and Wilkins contribute?
Crystalography
What did Watson and Crick Contribute?-- Double helix-- Antiparallel orientation-- Base pairing
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DNA Structure and Replication 6
What is the structure of the DNA double helix?
Complimentary base pairing-- base pairs are hydrogen bonded
Antiparallel orientation
Major and minor grooves
Models
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DNA Structure and Replication 7
How does DNA replicate -1?
Semiconservative replication
The M. Meselson and F Stahl experiment
MS-Experiment
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DNA Structure and Replication 8
How does DNA replicate -2?
The need for RNA priming--”RNA Primase”
Adding nucleotides-- “DNA Polymerase”
5’ to 3’ orientation
Proofreading ability
NucleotidePolymerization
Proofreading
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DNA Structure and Replication 9
How does DNA replicate -3?
Origins of Replication
Replication ‘forks’
HelicaseDNA gyrase
Replisomes
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DNA Structure and Replication 10
How does DNA replicate - 4?
New strand 5 ‘ 3’ orientation
Leading & lagging strands
DNA HelicaseSS Binding proteinRNA PrimaseDNA Polymerase IIIDNA Polymerase ILigase
Time
DNA Replication
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DNA Structure and Replication 11
What is the structure of eukaryotic chromatin?(from chapter 10; page 190)
Shape
Structure of chromatin
Nucleosomes
Functional areas
Centromeres
Telomeres
Replication
Supercoiling
Model
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DNA Structure and Replication 12
Sickle-cell anemia mutation
What are mutations?-- see section chapter 20 section 20.2
Changes to the base sequence
Some examples
“Point Mutations”Base substitutionBase deletionBase chemical change
“Sequence mutations”DuplicationsDeletionsInversions
“Chromosomal aberrations”
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DNA Structure and Replication 13
What types of chromosomal aberrations can occur?
DeletionsTranslocationsDuplications
-- aneuploidy-- polyploidy
Breakages
What is the role ofmutated tumor suppressor genes?
-- detection & repair of DNA-- cell cycle control-- triggering of apoptosis
Meningioma karyotypeLOH - #17
Aneuploidy - #s 9, 7, and 20Translocation/duplication - #s 2 and 6
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DNA Structure and Replication 14
How is DNA damage repaired?
DNA polymerase “proofreading”
Mutation detection-- tumor suppressor genes
Excision repair (via endonuclease)
Other repair enzymesphotolyase thymine dimers
Excision Repair