DNA & RNA

DNA

Structure Double stranded – long – can’t leave nucleus Nucleotides – deoxyribose, phosphate, base bases

A, T, G, C

Function Stores / transfers genetic information Provides instructions for making PROTEINS

RNA

Structure Single stranded – short – CAN leave nucleus Nucleotides – ribose, phosphate, base bases

C G A U = URACIL instead of T THERE IS NO “T” IN RNA!

Function Carries protein-making instructions from

nucleus to ribosome

3 types of RNA

1- mRNA = messenger RNA

2- rRNA = ribosomal RNA3 – tRNA = transfer RNA

By controlling PROTEIN SYNTHESIS…..

DNA controls cellular structure and function

Ribosomes of any living creature can produce protein from any creature’s RNA………..

AMAZING HUH?

Genetic Language

CODON“triplet” code with 3 RNA bases

Acts as a word in the genetic language

Each codon codes for a specific amino acid

Reading the DNA code

Codon Dictionary

Find the following amino acids

1- GAC

2-UUU

3-AUC

Find the following amino acids

1- TTA

2- TAG

3- TCA

Special codons

“start” AUG

Codes for methionine (amino acid) Unless it’s used after a “stop codon”

Then it tells ribosome to “start making new protein here”

“stop” UAA, UAG, UGA

Tells ribosome to “stop making new protein here”