DNA in the CellDNA in the CellInside the nucleus are ______________, which house DNAChromosome made from _____________________. Coils DNA so it can ____________ into a cellEach chromosome consists of __________________ called ____________________Center of the chromosome is called the ___________

Number & Types of Number & Types of ChromosomesChromosomes

Sex chromosomes determine the sex of an organismSex chromosomes determine the sex of an organismXX = _____________XX = _____________XY = _____________ XY = _____________ All other chromosomes are called _______________All other chromosomes are called _______________

Homologous ChromosomesHomologous Chromosomes•Each organism gets _________ of each Each organism gets _________ of each autosome;___from mom and ___ from dad (___ total) autosome;___from mom and ___ from dad (___ total) chromosomes; ______ pairs in humans)chromosomes; ______ pairs in humans)•Each 2 paired chromosomes are called Each 2 paired chromosomes are called _____________________chromosomes_____________________chromosomes•Homologous chromosomes carry ___________ for Homologous chromosomes carry ___________ for the ______________________the ______________________

Homologous ChromosomesHomologous Chromosomes

Diploid & Haploid CellsDiploid & Haploid CellsDiploid Cells Diploid Cells Cells with _____copies of each Cells with _____copies of each chromosomechromosomeHaploid Cells Haploid Cells Cells with ______ copy of each Cells with ______ copy of each chromosomechromosomeMost cells in the body are ________________Most cells in the body are ________________Sex cells (sperm & egg) are _________________Sex cells (sperm & egg) are _________________

Diploid & Haploid CellsDiploid & Haploid Cells

Why Do Cells Divide?Why Do Cells Divide?1.1. Get _________________ (take in more nutrients Get _________________ (take in more nutrients

than they can metabolize)than they can metabolize)2.2. _____________________ Need replacement_____________________ Need replacement3.3. Surface to volume ratio; _______________ volume, Surface to volume ratio; _______________ volume,

______________________________________________________________When do cells divide?When do cells divide?Depends on the ____________________ (days, weeks, Depends on the ____________________ (days, weeks, months, some never divide) months, some never divide) Cell Cycle Cell Cycle Cells will _________________________ Cells will _________________________

Cell Division in ProkaryotesCell Division in ProkaryotesProkaryote Prokaryote _________________________________ _________________________________

Binary Fission Binary Fission _________________, cell doubles _________________, cell doubles in size and _________________in size and _________________

Stages of Cell Cycle in Stages of Cell Cycle in EukaryotesEukaryotes

Interphase Interphase Growth Phase Growth Phase•G1(Gap 1) G1(Gap 1) rapid ___________________ + rapid ___________________ + synthesis of organellessynthesis of organelles•S (Synthesis) S (Synthesis) Replication _________________ Replication _________________•G2 (Gap 2) -> Formation of ________________ + G2 (Gap 2) -> Formation of ________________ + preparation for _______________preparation for _______________

Mitosis Mitosis DNA, which has DNA, which has been replicated needs to be been replicated needs to be _________________ to each _________________ to each new cellnew cell

Stages of MitosisStages of MitosisProphaseProphaseChromatin _________ (chromosomes) & nucleus __________Chromatin _________ (chromosomes) & nucleus __________Spindle fibers (microtubules) ________& move chromosomesSpindle fibers (microtubules) ________& move chromosomesMetaphaseMetaphaseSpindles align chromosomes in the ______________________Spindles align chromosomes in the ______________________AnaphaseAnaphaseCentromeres divide and sister ______________________Centromeres divide and sister ______________________Chromatids move ______________________________Chromatids move ______________________________TelophaseTelophaseChromosomes arrive at _______________________________Chromosomes arrive at _______________________________Nucleus ____________________Nucleus ____________________Spindle ____________________Spindle ____________________Cell splits (_________________)Cell splits (_________________)

Stages of MitosisStages of Mitosis

CytokinesisCytokinesis

Animal Cell _________________ pinches one cell into 2 cellsPlant Cell ______________ makes new cell wall; _________________

Mitosis AnimationMitosis Animation

Additional Mitosis Additional Mitosis VocabularyVocabulary

G0 Phase Cell is neither _____________________

Centrioles Ropes that ________________ around the cell

Difference Between Plant Difference Between Plant Cell & Animal Cell MitosisCell & Animal Cell Mitosis

•Plant cells are surrounded by a tough outer case Plant cells are surrounded by a tough outer case called a __________________called a __________________•Animal cells are surrounded by a soft outer case Animal cells are surrounded by a soft outer case called a ________________________called a ________________________•The first __________ of mitosis in plant and animal The first __________ of mitosis in plant and animal cells are the samecells are the sameTelophaseTelophaseAnimal Cell Animal Cell Formation of a Formation of a ____________________________________________________Plant Cell Plant Cell Formation of ________ Formation of ________

Meiosis VocabularyMeiosis Vocabulary

•Diploid Cells cells with _________________ of chromosome (___ from mom and _____ from dad)•n= number of ____ of chromosomes•Diploid Cells = _____•Zygote = ________________•Gametes= __________ sex cells•Fertilization= union of _________________•Sexual Reproduction Parents generate __________________________

MeiosisMeiosis

Getting from diploid to haploid cells: _______________Where does it occur in humans?Males _____________Females __________

Meiosis OverviewMeiosis Overview

Meiosis IMeiosis I•Diploid cells splits into ___Diploid cells splits into _________________________________________

Meiosis IIMeiosis II• 2 haploid daughter cells 2 haploid daughter cells ____________________________________________•Forms ___________ sex cellsForms ___________ sex cells•Same as _____________Same as _____________

Meiosis IMeiosis IProphase IProphase IHomologous chromosomes pair together (called ____________________)Homologous chromosomes pair together (called ____________________)Each homologous pair of chromosomes is called a ___________________Each homologous pair of chromosomes is called a ___________________Some ______________________ break off and attach to adjacent Some ______________________ break off and attach to adjacent homologous chromatids (_________________________________)homologous chromatids (_________________________________)Crossing Over creates new genetic combinationsCrossing Over creates new genetic combinationsMetaphase IMetaphase IHomologous chromosomes line up in the _________________ of the cellHomologous chromosomes line up in the _________________ of the cellAnaphase IAnaphase IHomologous ______________________ move to opposite poles of the cellHomologous ______________________ move to opposite poles of the cellRandom separation of homologous chromosomes is called Independent Random separation of homologous chromosomes is called Independent AssortmentAssortmentTelophase ITelophase IChromosomes reach opposite ____________________ of the cellChromosomes reach opposite ____________________ of the cell_______________________ begins_______________________ begins

Meiosis IMeiosis I

Meiosis IIMeiosis II

2 ____________________ go through the process of 2 ____________________ go through the process of mitosis & cell divisionmitosis & cell divisionEnd result of meiosis II is ______________________End result of meiosis II is ______________________

Gamete FormationGamete FormationIn males meiosis creates _____ sperm cells (called In males meiosis creates _____ sperm cells (called ______________________)______________________)In females the cytoplasm is ___________ divided so In females the cytoplasm is ___________ divided so that only ____ big cell is formed, along with _____ that only ____ big cell is formed, along with _____ other ____________________other ____________________

Meiosis IIMeiosis II

Meiosis AnimationMeiosis Animation

Meiosis Animation