DNA NotesDNA Notes

What is DNAWhat is DNADNA is found in the cells of all living DNA is found in the cells of all living things.things.DNA contains all of the genetic information DNA contains all of the genetic information that makes you who you are and every that makes you who you are and every individual organism has unique DNA like a individual organism has unique DNA like a finger print.finger print.All humans share 99.9% the same DNAAll humans share 99.9% the same DNA

Nucleic AcidsNucleic Acids

Function of DNAFunction of DNA – – Store and transmit hereditary informationStore and transmit hereditary informationDNA stands for– Deoxyribose nucleic acidDNA stands for– Deoxyribose nucleic acid

DNADNAGeneGene – is a region of – is a region of DNA that codes for a DNA that codes for a specific trait.specific trait.ExampleExampleBlue eyesBlue eyesBrown hairBrown hairSkin colorSkin color

DNADNA

GenomeGenome - - is an organism's complete set of DNA, including all of its genes.

DNADNADNA is made out of 2 DNA is made out of 2 long chains of long chains of nucleotides.nucleotides.Nucleotides are made Nucleotides are made out of 3 moleculesout of 3 molecules..1. deoxyribose – sugar 1. deoxyribose – sugar moleculemolecule

2. phosphate group – 2. phosphate group – contains phosphate contains phosphate (P)(P)

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3. nitrogen-containing 3. nitrogen-containing base – contains base – contains nitrogen (N)nitrogen (N)

Adenine (A) Adenine (A) Guanine (G)Guanine (G)Cytosine (C) Cytosine (C) Thymine (T)Thymine (T)

The nitrogen base The nitrogen base gives a nucleotide its gives a nucleotide its name.name.

Structure of a DNA NucleotideStructure of a DNA Nucleotide

DNA Nucleotide StructureDNA Nucleotide Structure

Since all 4 Since all 4 nucleotides (A, T, C, nucleotides (A, T, C, G) are made out of G) are made out of the same three things the same three things (sugar, phosphate, (sugar, phosphate, and nitrogen base), and nitrogen base), nucleotides are nucleotides are named by their named by their nitrogen base.nitrogen base.

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The DNA molecule model was proposed The DNA molecule model was proposed by James Watson and Francis Crick.by James Watson and Francis Crick.

Double HelixDouble HelixThe sugar and phosphate The sugar and phosphate make up the backbone of make up the backbone of DNA and the nitrogen DNA and the nitrogen bases make up the inside bases make up the inside rungs (like a ladder)rungs (like a ladder)

Complementary Base Complementary Base Pairing: certain bases Pairing: certain bases (nucleotides) always (nucleotides) always pair with each otherpair with each other

A with TA with TG with CG with C