DNA Extraction activities/extraction
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DNA Extraction
http://gslc.genetics.utah.edu/units/activities/extraction/
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MATERIALS
• Dried split peas
• Dishwashing detergent
• Isopropyl alcohol
• Meat tenderizer
• Small cup or beaker
• Spoon
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Start with the peas
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Blend the peas with water and a little salt until you have “pea soup”
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Why do we blend the peas?
• The blender separates the pea CELLS from each other
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Put the strained pea soup in a cup
Add a squirt of dishwashing detergent
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Let the mixture sit for 5 minutes
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What does the detergent do?
• Each pea cell is surrounded by a cell membrane
• DNA is in the nucleus of a cell, which is also surrounded by a membrane
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The membranes must be broken open in order to get the
DNA out of the cell
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Detergent:
• Breaks apart membranes by attaching to the lipids (fats) & proteins in the membranes
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The cell and nuclear membranes have been broken apart,
as well as all of the organelle membranes,such as those around the mitochondria and
chloroplasts.So what is left?
• Proteins • Carbohydrates (sugars) • DNA
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Add a pinch of meat tenderizer to the mixture
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Why?
• Meat tenderizer is an ENZYME– A protein that helps chemical reactions
happen more quickly
• The enzymes in meat tenderizer break apart proteins
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The DNA in the nucleus is surrounded by proteins
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The meat tenderizer cuts away the proteins from the DNA
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Stir very, very GENTLY!
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Tilt your cup & slowly pour a layer of alcohol on top of the pea soup
mixture
• DNA will float up into the alcohol from the pea soup