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DNA DATABASE EXPANSION 2001
CODIS ConferenceWashington D.C.October 29, 2001
Presented byTim Schellberg, JD - Smith Alling Lane, P.S.Tacoma, WA (253) 627-1091Washington, DC (202) [email protected]
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Reviewing DNA Database Expansion Legislation in 1999 and 2000
1999 - Estimated 10 states introduced bills and 6 passed
2000 - 19 States introduced bill and 8 passed
Identified trends in 1999 & 2000 Steady, yet conservative growth Focus on violent crimes and burglary Very few states considering all felons State and federal legislators starting to
fund DNA databasing
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PASSED (8)
Arizona -- Most non-drug related felonies
Colorado -- Most non-drug related felonies
Florida -- Burglary
Georgia -- All felony convictions
New Jersey -- Several violent felonies
South Carolina -- Most non-drug related felonies
South Dakota - Most non-drug related felonies
West Virginia -- Most non-drug related felonies
In 2000, 19 states introduced legislation to expand the offenders from whom DNA samples are required
DNA Database Expansion (2000)
DID NOT PASS (11)
Alaska -- Burglary
California -- All felony convictions
Connecticut-- Fingerprintable arrests
Hawaii -- Most violent crimes
Kentucky -- Most violent crimes
Mississippi -- All felony convictions
New York -- All misdemeanor and felony convictions
Pennsylvania -- Most violent crimes
Ohio -- Most non-drug related felonies
Rhode Island -- Breaking and entering & assault
Washington -- All felony convictions
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35 states have introduced over 110 bills to expand the state offender DNA database to include more felons.
Of these states, 25 have introduced bills to expand the DNA database to include all convicted felons.
DNA Database Expansion in the 2001 Legislature
Current all-felons states
Passed 2001 Legislation
Pending 2001 Legislation
Defeated 2001 Legislation
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2001 Expansion BillsAlaska SB 99 - Halford & MurkowskiBurglary Passed
Arkansas HB 1376 - Hunt Burglary Passed
HB 1259 - Verkamp All Felons Failed
Arizona SB 1171 - Smith All Felons Failed
California AB 673 - Migden Burglary, robbery, arson, Passed
carjacking
Colorado HB 1130 - Grossman All Felons Passed
Connecticut SB 89 - Brien Violent felonies, burglary Failed
Delaware HB 4 - Ewing All Felons Failed
Florida SB 366 - Villalobos & Silver All Felons Passed
Hawaii Multiple bills (HB -1577 Marumoto) All Felons Failed
Iowa HF 254 - Baudler All Felons Failed
Illinois HB 452 - Lyons Stalking, concealment of a Passed
homicide
Indiana SB 316 - Alexa Probationers & parolees Passed
Kansas SB 263 - Felciano Burglary, misdemeanor Passed
sex offenses
Kentucky HB 33 - Younts All Felons Failed
Maine LD 1565 - Carr Class A,B & C crimes Passed
Michigan Multiple bills All Felons Passed
(Van Regenmorter, Faunce,
Kooiman, others)
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2001 Expansion BillsMinnesota Multiple bills All Felons Failed
Mississippi Multiple bills All Felons Failed Missouri HB 835 - Boucher All Felons Failed
Montana HB 359 - Clark All Felons Passed
North Carolina HB 1127 - Blust All Felons Pending
North Dakota HB 1208 - Klemin Violent felons, burglary Passed
New Hampshire SB 30 - Hollingworth Murder, assault, arson, rob. Failed
New Jersey SB 2236 - Bucco Robbery, carjacking, criminal Pending
restraint
Nevada AB 489 - Gustavson A, B & C felonies Passed
New York SB 5640 All Felons Pending
Oklahoma SB 753 - Wilkerson Robbery, burglary, kidnap, Passed
maiming
Oregon SB 920 HB 2664 - Minnis
and Winters All Felons Passed
Pennsylvania SB 259 - Dent Burglary Pending
Rhode Island SB 92 - Brien Crimes of violence Passed
South Carolina SB 492 - McConnell 2nd degree burglary Passed
Texas HB 588 - Garcia All Felons Passed
SB 638 - Barrientos Indictments for certain crimesPassed
Washington HB 1335 - Miloscia All Felons Failed
West Virginia HB 2456 - Pino Arson, burglary, forgery Failed
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Failed X Senate Bill 1171 (Smith) -- All felons.
Collection, but no analysis
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Passed House Bill 1130 (Grossman) -- All felons.
In custody of Department of Corrections
Allocates anticipated federal funding
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Passed Senate Bill 366 (Villalobos & Silver) -- All felons.
Phased in over 4 years
Subject to specific appropriation
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Passed Senate Bill 316 (Alexa)
Obtains samples from specified offenders not in the custody of the Department of Corrections.
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Passed Legislative Document 1565 (Carr) -- Class A, B & C
Crimes.
Expands offenses for databasing, but repeals current law that requires collection from juveniles.
Opposed by the state crime lab - the reduction of juveniles will be greater than the expansion of crimes for databasing.
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Passed Multiple all felon bills.
Very Comprehensive
Some misdemeanor
Adds Juveniles
Seems to have aggressive agency support
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FailedX House Bill 440 (Boucher) -- All felons.
Defeated at the last minute
Agency did not support the bill
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Passed Two Bills House Bill 588 (Garcia) -- All felons.
Not retroactive
No juveniles
Contingent on federal or “other” funding
Penalties for misuse of data
Senate Bill 638 (Barrientos) -- Indictments for certain sex crimes and burglary.
Where is murder and robbery?
What will the courts do?
Can federal money be used?
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FY 2002 Federal Funding Outlook for DNA
Congressional Budget (Pre-Conference) HOUSE PROPOSAL:
$40 Million for DNA Backlog Elimination$35 Million for Crime Lab Improvement Program (CLIP)
SENATE PROPOSAL $70 Million for CLIP/DNA Program (over $17 million earmarked)
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Trends From 2001 Legislatures
All-Felons In 2000, only 5 states attempted the all-
felons legislation. This year, 25 states introduced the all-felons legislation.
Less Active Opposition
The Texas ACLU decided to not oppose the all-felons bill
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All-Felons DNA Database Expansion in the 2001 LegislatureIntroduced all-felons legislation in 2001
Introduced all felons legislation in 2000
Already require DNA samples from all felons
20005 all-felons bills introduced
200125 all-felons bills introduced
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Trends (continued)
Secure authority now and worry about the implementation ($$) later
State reliance on federal funding
Legislatures rejecting arrestee databasing
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What a difference a year makes!
In 2000 only 8 states passed DNA expansion bills. In 2001 an estimated
22 states will pass expansion legislation.
Why the change? New data Success of the database Citizen demand
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DNA Database Expansion Successes: Past, Present, Future
1999 (6 states) 2000 (8 states)
2001 (22 states, est.)
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Policy Concerns Developing in 2001
Non-retroactive.
Limiting collection to those in the custody of the Corrections Department.
Exempting juveniles (Maine and Texas).
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Arrestee TestingPolitical Reality
Very few state legislatures will pass arrestee databasing legislation.
How can arrestee testing work around the legislature? Collect DNA upon arrest, compare to unsolved
database, then discard if not convicted of qualifying offense.
No databasing means no legislation is needed.
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Arrestee Testing, cont. Benefit - Ensure that suspect in custody is not
wanted for other unsolved crime
Considerations City and County law enforcement would run program. Change in federal CODIS statute would enhance
results. Would states law allow it?
• Statutes?• State Constitutions?
Should local agencies create their own arrestee databases?
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Arrestee Testing, cont.
Creating the model pilot for arrestee testing
Large urban city or county P.D.
A significant database of unsolved DNA cases should exist in the state where pilot is located
City or county operates own laboratory
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Discussions of DNA for visa background checks raises
another question...
Currently, millions of Americans provide fingerprints prior to employment for criminal background checks. Should they also have their DNA checked against the unsolved database?
“Have we ever considered taking DNA for criminal
background checks in the United States?”
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Forensic DNA in Other Parts of the World
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ANNOUNCEMENTSmith Alling Lane is pleased to welcome
Chris Asplen, currently the Executive Director on the Future of DNA Evidence.
Effective January 2002, Chris will join Smith Alling Lane where he will focus on development of forensic
DNA policy in Europe. He will be located in London, England.
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Questions
Tim Schellberg, J.D. - Smith Alling Lane, P.S.Washington DC (202) 258-2301
Tacoma, WA (253) [email protected]