DNA Computers

Submitted to: Submitted by:

Mr.Sunil Nandal Ritu Jangra

Deptt. Of CSE MCA 1st Sem.

GJUS&T 0701228

INTRODUCTIONDNA :-

A NEW BUD IN TECHNOLOGY FIELDNEW MICROPROCESSOR BUILDERSFAST CALCULATING POTENTIALSIMILAR TO HARD DRIVE IN STORING INFORMATION

Conception

Moore’s Law states that silicon microprocessors double in complexity roughly every two years.

One day this will no longer hold true when miniaturisation limits are reached. Intel scientists say it will happen in about the year 2018.

Required a successor to silicon.

What is DNA?

All organisms on this planet are made of the same type of genetic blueprint. Within the cells of any organism is a substance called DNA which is a double-stranded helix of nucleotides.DNA carries the genetic information of a cell. This information is the code used within cells to form proteins and is the building block upon which life is formed.Strands of DNA are long polymers of millions of linked nucleotides.

DNA the molecule of life

DNA(Deoxyribonucleic Acid)

DNA is double-strandedBase pairs (A-T, G-C) are

complementary, known as Watson-Crick bps

A double-stranded DNA sequence can be represented by strings of letters in either direction

5' ... TACTGAA ... 3' 3' ... ATGACTT ... 5'

Length of DNA in bps (e.g. 100kbp)

Graphical Representation of inherent bonding properties of DNA

Use electronic circuit itched on silicon chips

Uses electrical impulses

Operates linearly

Use pattern along DNA strands

Rely on chemical reactions

Operates parallely

CONVENSIONAL DNA COMPUTERS

COMPARISON

Current Problems

In the words of Dr. Leonard Adleman, “we simply cannot, at this time, control molecules with the deftness that electrical engineers and physicists control electrons”.

Use of ‘biochips’ in human bodies may generate opposition from technophobes.

Specifications

One pound of DNA has the capability to store more information than all the electronic computers ever built.

One cm3 of DNA can hold approximately 10 terabytes of data

DNA computer the size of a teardrop would be more powerful than the worlds most powerful supercomputer

Evolution of the DNA computer (1)

Began in 1994 when Dr. Leonard Adleman wrote the paper “Molecular computation of solutions to combinatorial problems”.

He then carried out this experiment successfully – although it took him days to do so!

Evolution of the DNA computer (2)

DNA computers moved from test tubes onto gold plates.

Evolution of the DNA computer (3)

First practical DNA computer unveiled in 2002. Used in gene analysis.

Evolution of the DNA computer (4)

Self-powered DNA computer unveiled in 2003.First programmable autonomous

computing machine in which the input, output, software and hardware were all made of DNA molecules.

Can perform a billion operations per second with 99.8% accuracy.

Evolution of the DNA computer (5)

Biological computer developed that could be used to fight cancers.‘Designer DNA’ identifies abnormal

and is attracted to it.The Designer molecule then releases

chemicals to inhibit its growth or even kill the malignant cells.

Successfully tested on animals.

Advantages of DNA computers

There is always a plentiful supply of it. Since there is a plentiful supply, it is a

cheap resource. DNA biochips can be made cleanly,

unlike the toxic materials used to make traditional microprocessors.

DNA computers can be made many times smaller than today's computers.

Advantages of DNA Computers (2)

DNA computers are massively parallel in their computation.Excellent for problems such as the

Travelling Salesman problem.Solutions that would otherwise take

months to compute could be found in hours.

Current problems with the DNA computer DNA computers are not completely

accurate at this moment in time. During an operation, there is a 95% chance

a particular DNA molecule will ‘compute’ correctly. Would cause a problem with a large amount of operations.

DNA has a half-life. Solutions could dissolve away before the

end result is found.

DNA computers showing enormous potential, especially for medical purposes as well as data processing applications.

Still a lot of work and resources required to develop it into a fully fledged product.

CONCLUSION

CONCLUSION (2)

Still in infancy Will take over silicon based computer in next decade Fastest growing field Extremely promising future

REFERENCES

www.google.com

www.seminarsonly.net

www.pcworld.com

www.howstuffworks.com