DNA AND RNA ARE MADE UP OF SMALLER MONOMERS CALLED: Nucleotides.

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DNA AND RNA ARE MADE UP OF SMALLER MONOMERS CALLED: Nucleotides

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Transcript of DNA AND RNA ARE MADE UP OF SMALLER MONOMERS CALLED: Nucleotides.

Page 1: DNA AND RNA ARE MADE UP OF SMALLER MONOMERS CALLED: Nucleotides.

DNA AND RNA ARE MADE UP OF

SMALLER MONOMERS CALLED:

Nucleotides

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THE PRIMARY FUNCTION OF DNA IS

TO:

Store & Transmit Genetic Info

Page 3: DNA AND RNA ARE MADE UP OF SMALLER MONOMERS CALLED: Nucleotides.

A NUCLEOTIDE IS MADE UP OF:

Sugar, Phosphate, Base

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FOLLOWING THE RULES OF BASE-PAIRING, WHICH

BASES MUST MATCH UP IN DNA?

A & T, C & G

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THE BACKBONE OF DNA IS MADE OF

WHICH 2 SPECIFIC COMPONENTS?

Deoxyribose Sugars, Phosphate

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THE TWO SCIENTISTS THAT WERE

CREDITED WITH ESTABLISHING THE

STRUCTURE OF DNA ARE:

Watson & Crick

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WHO WAS THE SCIENTIST THAT

DISCOVERED THE AMOUNT OF A=T AND

THE AMOUNT OF C=G?

Chargaff

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WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF RNA?

(YOU HAVE TO BE SPECIFIC)

Messenger, Transfer, Ribosomal

Page 9: DNA AND RNA ARE MADE UP OF SMALLER MONOMERS CALLED: Nucleotides.

WHERE IS DNA FOUND?

Nucleus

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THE TYPES OF BONDS FOUND BETWEEN THE

BASES IN DNA ARE:

Hydrogen Bonds

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GENES CONTAIN INSTRUCTIONS FOR ASSEMBLING WHAT?

Proteins!!!

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WHAT IS THE TERM USED WHEN NEW DNA

IS MADE?

Replication

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WHAT ARE THE STEPS IN REPLICATION?

SEE NEXT SLIDE…

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STEPS IN REPLICATION

1. Unwind2. Unzip- (by breaking

hydrogen bonds b/t bases)3. Add complementary

nucleotides to each side4. Two new identical strands

of DNA

Page 15: DNA AND RNA ARE MADE UP OF SMALLER MONOMERS CALLED: Nucleotides.

AT THE END OF REPLICATION, THERE

ARE 2 IDENTICAL STRANDS OF DNA-EACH WITH ONE OLD STRAND AND ONE NEW…WHAT IS

THIS CALLED?

Semi-Conservative

Page 16: DNA AND RNA ARE MADE UP OF SMALLER MONOMERS CALLED: Nucleotides.

DURING DNA REPLICATION, THE STRAND: GATCCG WILL PRODUCE A

STRAND WITH WHAT BASES?

CTAGGC

Page 17: DNA AND RNA ARE MADE UP OF SMALLER MONOMERS CALLED: Nucleotides.

WHAT IS THE SERIES OF THREE LETTERS

ON DNA CALLED?

Triplet

Page 18: DNA AND RNA ARE MADE UP OF SMALLER MONOMERS CALLED: Nucleotides.

WHAT IS THE “TRIPLET” ON mRNA

CALLED?

Codon

Page 19: DNA AND RNA ARE MADE UP OF SMALLER MONOMERS CALLED: Nucleotides.

WHAT ARE THE TWO STEPS IN PROTEIN

SYNTHESIS?

Transcription & Translation

Page 20: DNA AND RNA ARE MADE UP OF SMALLER MONOMERS CALLED: Nucleotides.

PROTEINS ARE MADE UP OF:

Amino Acids

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THE PROCESS BY WHICH mRNA IS MADE

IS CALLED:

Transcription

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WHERE DOES TRANSCRIPTION TAKE

PLACE?

Nucleus

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COMPLETE TRANSCRIPTION:

ACT AGG TAC

UGA UCC AUG

Page 24: DNA AND RNA ARE MADE UP OF SMALLER MONOMERS CALLED: Nucleotides.

IN RNA, ADENINE (A) IS COMPLEMENTARY

TO WHICH BASE?

Uracil, U

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WHERE ARE PROTEINS MADE?

Ribosome

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TRANSFER RNA IS LIKE AN

“INTERPRETER” BECAUSE IT CARRIES

WHAT TO THE RIBOSOME?

Amino Acids

Page 27: DNA AND RNA ARE MADE UP OF SMALLER MONOMERS CALLED: Nucleotides.

THE tRNA KNOWS WHICH AMINO ACID

TO CARRY BECAUSE IT READS WHAT?

mRNA codon

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WHICH TYPE OF RNA CARRIES THE

INSTRUCTIONS FOR MAKING PROTEINS?

mRNA

Page 29: DNA AND RNA ARE MADE UP OF SMALLER MONOMERS CALLED: Nucleotides.

WHAT IS A RIBOSOME MADE UP OF?

rRNA & protein

Page 30: DNA AND RNA ARE MADE UP OF SMALLER MONOMERS CALLED: Nucleotides.

AMINO ACIDS ARE BONDED TOGETHER

WITH WHICH TYPE OF BOND?

Peptide

Page 31: DNA AND RNA ARE MADE UP OF SMALLER MONOMERS CALLED: Nucleotides.

THIS IS A PICTURE OF:

Messenger RNA

Page 32: DNA AND RNA ARE MADE UP OF SMALLER MONOMERS CALLED: Nucleotides.

WHAT ARE THESE PICTURES?

rRNA (and ribosome), tRNA

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ALLCODONS FOR LYSINE:

AAA, AAG

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HOW DO YOU KNOW WHERE TO BEGIN

MAKING A PROTEIN?

Start codon—AUG

Page 35: DNA AND RNA ARE MADE UP OF SMALLER MONOMERS CALLED: Nucleotides.

AMINO ACIDS FOR: AUGCCCAAAGUAUAG

Start-Proline-Lysine-Valine-Stop

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ALLCODONS FOR SERINE:

AGC, AGU, UCU, UCC, UCA, UCG

Page 37: DNA AND RNA ARE MADE UP OF SMALLER MONOMERS CALLED: Nucleotides.

AMINO ACIDS FOR:

AUGCCCGUAUAG

Start-Proline-Valine-Stop

Page 38: DNA AND RNA ARE MADE UP OF SMALLER MONOMERS CALLED: Nucleotides.

Transcription

Page 39: DNA AND RNA ARE MADE UP OF SMALLER MONOMERS CALLED: Nucleotides.

Start codon

Page 40: DNA AND RNA ARE MADE UP OF SMALLER MONOMERS CALLED: Nucleotides.

Amino Acid

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Nucleus

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mRNA

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tRNA

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anticodon

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translation

WHAT IS THIS PROCESS CALLED?


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