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Transcript of DN (mod 2)
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Disaster Nursing
Introduction to Philippine Geography
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Philippine Disaster Situation
� The Philippines is considered as one of themost vulnerable country in the worldconsidering its numerous hazards present inthe country.
� The country lies between 2 of the world¶smajor tectonic plates (Pacific Plate and
Eurasian Plate) resulting to:
± An average of 16 perceptible earthquakes in a year ± An average of 3 ± 5 non perceptible to perceptible
earthquakes in a day.
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Philippine Disaster Situation
� Located in the Pacific Ring of Fire
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Philippine Disaster Situation
� Secondary hazards such as floods,
landslides, tsunami, and storm surges,
liquefaction and tornado had become
normal occurrence affecting the lives of thousands of Filipinos.
� Also not spared from other disasterseither brought about by insurgency,
bombing and terrorism known as
Complex Emergencies.
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Tsunami
� Literally means ³(great) harbor wave´ in
Japanese.
� Series of huge waves generated in the
sea by some large earthquakes.
� Series of big waves can travel great
distances at high speed.
� Due to displacement of sea bed when
earthquake occurs.
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Tsunami
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Recent Tsunami in the Philippines
Mindoro - 15 November 1994 - An earthquake with
magnitude of 7.1- centered 11 km N22°W of Baco, Mindoro,
near Verde Island - generated a local destructive tsunami. In
oriental Mindoro, the combined effects of the earthquake and
the tsunami killed a total of 78 people, injured 430, damagedor destroyed 7566 houses in 13 out of 15 municipalities,
damaged roads, destroyed or damaged 24 bridges, and sunk
numerous fishing boats. There was no time to issue a
warning. Approximately five minutes after the tremor, tsunami
waves struck along a 40 km stretch of the northern andeastern shoreline of Mindoro island, from Puerto Galera up to
Pinamalayan. Also affected were Verde and Baco Islands,
north of Mindoro. Waves with a maximum run up of 8.5 meters
occurred at Pulong Malaki (Baco Island). Minor waves were
also reported at Batangas Bay
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Landslides
� Shaking that affects hilly or mountainous
areas, materials in a state of precarious
equilibrium to slide down the slope (main
quake).
� Strong aftershocks may trigger the loosened
materials to slide down.
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Landslide
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Leyte, February 17, 2006
� In Southern Leyte mudslides destroyedthe mountain village (Barangay)Guinsaugon. During school time between9 a.m. and 10 a.m., an elementary school
was completely buried under the mudlayer of up to 10 meters thickness. All the246 children and the 7 teachers wereburied in a few seconds. It is reported thatonly one child and one adult woman havebeen rescued. The total loss of lives inGuinsaugon and buried under the mud isestimated to be at least 1000.
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Floods
� An overflowing of water onto land thatis normally dry.
� Major Types of Floods± Flash floods - caused by high intensity
rainfall, collapse of dams, storm surges.
± Coastal floods- mainly due to stormsurges.
± Overflowing river floods
± Dam spill flood
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� Filipino passengers wait atop a bus after beingstranded by flash floods caused by typhoon Winnie in
Gapan Nueva Ecija province, north of Manila,November 30, 2004. About 200 people died after flashfloods and landslides devastated several coastaltowns and left swathes of the northern Philippinesunder water, officials said on Tuesday.
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Volcanoes
� An opening, or rupture, in a planet's
surface or crust, which allows hot,
molten rock, ash, and gases to escape
from below the surface.
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Things Associated with Volcanoes
� Lava flows ± HOT slow flowingincandescent materials (1000 degreesCelsius)
� Pyroclastic flow ± flows of fragmentalmaterials from slope of volcano.
� Lahar flow ± a type of mudflow or landslide composed of pyroclastic material
and water that flows down from a volcano.� Ash Fall ± showers of fine grained
volcanic debris, usually carries toxicsubstances.
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Mayon Volcano in Albay,
Philippines
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Typhoons
� A Pacific typhoon or tropical storm is a
tropical cyclone that forms in the
northwestern Pacific Ocean.
± Average of 20 typhoon/year
± 95% originate in the Pacific Ocean
± Eastern part as the most affected
± July-November as typhoon season
± Northern Luzon having highest landfall
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Earthquakes
� An earthquake (also known as a
tremor or temblor ) is the result of a
sudden release of energy in the Earth's
crust that creates seismic waves.
� The country is surrounded by two main
tectonic plates (Pacific and Eurasian)
� Most seismically active part is Samar,Leyte and Eastern Mindanao.
� Average of 5 quakes everyday.
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Baguio City Earthquake
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� Exactly 4:26 p.m. on Monday, 16 July 1990, that a killer
earthquake unexpectedly hit and extensively devastated
the City of Baguio. It was a major earthquake that hit the
City of Baguio. It measured 7.7 on Richter scale and
lasted for 45 seconds. It was estimated that as many as
1,000 people were trapped and killed in damaged
buildings.
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Liquefaction
� Soil liquefaction describes the behavior
of soils that, when loaded, suddenly go
from a solid state to a liquefied state, or
having the consistency of a heavy liquid.
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Drought
� Extended period of months or years
when a region notes a deficiency in its
water supply.
� Associated with El Niño
� 1987, a total of 183,600
hectares were affected.
� 1989, total of 31,587
were affected.
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Thank you very much and
Good Day