Dmitri Mendeleev “The elements, if arranged according to their atomic weights, exhibit an apparent...
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Transcript of Dmitri Mendeleev “The elements, if arranged according to their atomic weights, exhibit an apparent...
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Dmitri Mendeleev
“The elements, if arranged according to their atomic weights, exhibit an apparent periodicity of properties.”
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Periodic Trends
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Background image:http://www.ul.ie/~slc/Pictures/periodic%20table.jpg
Atomic Radius
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1. Atomic Radius
Across PeriodAtomic size DECREASESBecause nuclear charge (# p+) increases, as e- are added to same n, pulls e- in tighter
Down GroupAtomic size INCREASESBecause more n (shells), more shielding,
e- further away from nucleus
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Background image:http://www.ul.ie/~slc/Pictures/periodic%20table.jpg
Electronegativity
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2. Electronegativity
The ability to attract e-
Across PeriodEN INCREASESBecause nuclear charge (# p+) increases
Down GroupEN DECREASESBecause more n, more shielding, e- further
away from nucleus
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Background image:http://www.ul.ie/~slc/Pictures/periodic%20table.jpg
Ionization Potential
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3. Ionization Potential/EnergyIE: Energy required to remove e-
Higher the IE: more difficult to remove e-
Across PeriodIE INCREASES** with decrease @ each subshellWhy?
Down GroupIE DECREASESWhy?
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4. Ionic Radius
Ion-Charged atom
CationPositive (+) ion (neutral atom looses e-)
AnionNegative (-) ion (neutral atom gains e-)
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Background image:http://www.ul.ie/~slc/Pictures/periodic%20table.jpg
Ionic Radius
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4. Ionic Radius
Across PeriodIR DECREASES** with jump up in size @ metalloids
Down GroupIR INCREASESCompare to neutral atom Ex. Br
Valence e- are the outermost e- of an atom
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5. Metallic Properties
Across PeriodMP DECREASES
Down GroupMP INCREASES