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DESIGN MANUAL PART 4
STRUCTURES PROCEDURES DESIGN PLANS PRESENTATION
PDT PUB No. 15M
MAY 2012 EDITION
PUB 15M (5-12)
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PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION DESIGN MANUAL
PART 4
VOLUME 1 - TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................................................... ix
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ..................................................................................................................................................... xi
INCORPORATED STRIKE-OFF LETTERS .......................................................................................................................... xiii
PART A: POLICIES AND PROCEDURES
CHAPTER 1 ADMINISTRATIVE CONSIDERATIONS
1.1 APPLICABLE SPECIFICATIONS AND STANDARDS .............................................................................. A.1 - 1 1.2 MODIFICATIONS TO DESIGN MANUAL .................................................................................................. A.1 - 4 1.3 BRIDGE DESIGNS AND REVIEWS BY CONSULTANTS ........................................................................ A.1 - 7 1.4 COMPUTER PROGRAMS ............................................................................................................................. A.1 - 11 1.5 MAJOR, UNUSUAL OR COMPLEX BRIDGES .......................................................................................... A.1 - 16 1.6 PLAN PRESENTATION ................................................................................................................................ A.1 - 16 1.7 GENERAL NOTES ......................................................................................................................................... A.1 - 30 1.8 DESIGN COMPUTATIONS .......................................................................................................................... A.1 - 37 1.9 BRIDGE SUBMISSIONS DESIGN PHASE ............................................................................................... A.1 - 41 1.10 BRIDGE SUBMISSIONS - CONSTRUCTION PHASE .............................................................................. A.1 - 67 1.11 STRUCTURE SUBMISSIONS DESIGN-BUILD, LOW BID .................................................................. A.1 - 78 1.12 STRUCTURE SUBMISSIONS DESIGN BUILD, ADJUSTED BID ....................................................... A.1 - 78 1.13 HAULING RESTRICTIONS AND PERMITS ............................................................................................. A.1 - 79 1.14 SYSTEMS APPROVAL ............................................................................................................................... A.1 - 79
CHAPTER 2 SELECTION OF BRIDGE TYPES
2.0 GENERAL ........................................................................................................................................................ A.2 - 1 2.1 STEEL BRIDGES ............................................................................................................................................ A.2 - 2 2.2 CONCRETE BRIDGES ................................................................................................................................... A.2 - 2 2.3 PRESTRESSED CONCRETE BRIDGES ....................................................................................................... A.2 - 2 2.4 TIMBER BRIDGES ......................................................................................................................................... A.2 - 3 2.5 CULVERTS...................................................................................................................................................... A.2 - 3 2.6 OTHER BRIDGE TYPES ................................................................................................................................ A.2 - 4 2.7 SELECTION OF BRIDGE TYPES ................................................................................................................. A.2 - 4
CHAPTER 3 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
3.1 BRIDGE GEOMETRY .................................................................................................................................... A.3 - 1 3.2 SUPERSTRUCTURE ...................................................................................................................................... A.3 - 1 3.3 SUBSTRUCTURE ........................................................................................................................................... A.3 - 13 3.4 BRIDGE PROTECTIVE SYSTEMS ............................................................................................................... A.3 - 37 3.5 UTILITIES ....................................................................................................................................................... A.3 - 38 3.6 MISCELLANEOUS ......................................................................................................................................... A.3 - 38 3.7 SPECIAL PROVISIONS .................................................................................................................................. A.3 - 64
CHAPTER 4 BRIDGE ECONOMICS
4.1 BRIDGE ECONOMICS - GENERAL ............................................................................................................. A.4 - 1 4.2 LIFE-CYCLE COSTS ...................................................................................................................................... A.4 - 4 4.3 STEEL GIRDER BRIDGES ............................................................................................................................ A.4 - 4
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CHAPTER 5 REHABILITATION STRATEGIES
5.0 DEFINITIONS AND NOTATIONS ................................................................................................................ A.5 - 1 5.1 FATIGUE DAMAGE OF STEEL BRIDGES .................................................................................................. A.5 - 2 5.2 COVER PLATE CUTOFFS ............................................................................................................................. A.5 - 20 5.3 FASTENERS .................................................................................................................................................... A.5 - 24 5.4 WELD REPAIRS OF TENSION FLANGES OF A-7 STEEL BRIDGES....................................................... A.5 - 24 5.5 BRIDGE REHABILITATION STRATEGIES ................................................................................................ A.5 - 25 5.6 BRIDGE PRESERVATION AND PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE ........................................................... A.5 - 57 5.7 PRESTRESSED CONCRETE BRIDGES ....................................................................................................... A.5 - 64 REFERENCES ....................................................................................................................................................... A.5 - 65
CHAPTER 6 PROCEDURES FOR GEOTECHNICAL EXPLORATIONS
6.1 GENERAL ........................................................................................................................................................ A.6 - 1 6.2 RECONNAISSANCE ...................................................................................................................................... A.6 - 1 6.3 FOUNDATION EXPLORATION - FINAL DESIGN ..................................................................................... A.6 - 4 6.4 SERVICE PURCHASE TEST BORING CONTRACTS ................................................................................. A.6 - 18 REFERENCES ....................................................................................................................................................... A.6 - 18
CHAPTER 7 DRAINAGE STRUCTURES, SCOUR AND CULVERTS
7.1 HYDRAULICS ................................................................................................................................................. A.7 - 1 7.2 SCOUR ............................................................................................................................................................. A.7 - 1 7.3 CULVERTS...................................................................................................................................................... A.7 - 9
PART B: DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS
SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 SCOPE OF THE SPECIFICATIONS ............................................................................................................. B.1 - 1 1.2 DEFINITIONS ................................................................................................................................................ B.1 - 1 1.3 DESIGN PHILOSOPHY ................................................................................................................................. B.1 - 1
SECTION 2 GENERAL DESIGN AND LOCATION FEATURES
2.3 LOCATION FEATURES ................................................................................................................................ B.2 - 1 2.5 DESIGN OBJECTIVES .................................................................................................................................. B.2 - 5 2.6 HYDROLOGY AND HYDRAULICS ............................................................................................................ B.2 - 11 2.7 BRIDGE SECURITY ...................................................................................................................................... B.2 - 12 2.9P DESIGN DRAWINGS .................................................................................................................................. B.2 - 13 2.10P CONSTRUCTION LOADS ........................................................................................................................ B.2 - 15 2.11P REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................................ B.2 - 21
SECTION 3 LOADS AND LOAD FACTORS
3.1 SCOPE ............................................................................................................................................................. B.3 - 1 3.3 NOTATION .................................................................................................................................................... B.3 - 1 3.4 LOAD FACTORS AND COMBINATIONS .................................................................................................. B.3 - 1 3.5 PERMANENT LOADS ................................................................................................................................... B.3 - 17 3.6 LIVE LOADS .................................................................................................................................................. B.3 - 17 3.7 WATER LOADS: WA ................................................................................................................................... B.3 - 28 3.8 WIND LOAD: WL AND WS......................................................................................................................... B.3 - 28 3.9 ICE LOADS: IC ............................................................................................................................................. B.3 - 29 3.10 EARTHQUAKE EFFECTS: EQ .................................................................................................................. B.3 - 30
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3.11 EARTH PRESSURE: EH, ES, LS AND DD ............................................................................................... B.3 - 31 3.12 FORCE EFFECTS DUE TO SUPERIMPOSED DEFORMATIONS: TU, TG, SH, CR, SE, PS ............... B.3 - 36 3.13 FRICTION FORCES: FR ............................................................................................................................. B.3 - 36 3.14 VESSEL COLLISION: CV .......................................................................................................................... B.3 - 36 3.17P FORCE TRANSFER TO SUBSTRUCTURE ............................................................................................. B.3 - 36 3.18P REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................................ B.3 - 36
SECTION 4 STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION
4.1 SCOPE ............................................................................................................................................................. B.4 - 1 4.2 DEFINITIONS ................................................................................................................................................ B.4 - 1 4.4 ACCEPTABLE METHODS OF STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS ...................................................................... B.4 - 1 4.5 MATHEMATICAL MODELING ................................................................................................................... B.4 - 2 4.6 STATIC ANALYSIS ....................................................................................................................................... B.4 - 3 4.7 DYNAMIC ANALYSIS .................................................................................................................................. B.4 - 27 4.8 ANALYSIS BY PHYSICAL MODELS ......................................................................................................... B.4 - 30
SECTION 5 CONCRETE STRUCTURES
5.2 DEFINITIONS ................................................................................................................................................ B.5 - 1 5.3 NOTATION .................................................................................................................................................... B.5 - 1 5.4 MATERIAL PROPERTIES ............................................................................................................................ B.5 - 1 5.5 LIMIT STATES .............................................................................................................................................. B.5 - 9 5.6 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS ....................................................................................................................... B.5 - 11 5.7 DESIGN FOR FLEXURAL AND AXIAL FORCE EFFECTS ...................................................................... B.5 - 12 5.8 SHEAR AND TORSION ................................................................................................................................ B.5 - 21 5.9 PRESTRESSING AND PARTIAL PRESTRESSING .................................................................................... B.5 - 24 5.10 DETAILS OF REINFORCEMENT .............................................................................................................. B.5 - 29 5.11 DEVELOPMENT AND SPLICES OF REINFORCEMENT ....................................................................... B.5 - 29 5.12 DURABILITY ............................................................................................................................................... B.5 - 29 5.13 SPECIFIC MEMBERS .................................................................................................................................. B.5 - 29 5.14 PROVISIONS FOR STRUCTURE TYPES .................................................................................................. B.5 - 29 5.15 REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................................. B.5 - 29
SECTION 6 STEEL STRUCTURES
6.1 SCOPE ............................................................................................................................................................. B.6 - 1 6.2 DEFINITIONS ................................................................................................................................................ B.6 - 2 6.3 NOTATION .................................................................................................................................................... B.6 - 2 6.4 MATERIALS .................................................................................................................................................. B.6 - 2 6.5 LIMIT STATES .............................................................................................................................................. B.6 - 5 6.6 FATIGUE AND FRACTURE CONSIDERATIONS ....................................................................................... B.6 - 6 6.7 GENERAL DIMENSION AND DETAIL REQUIREMENTS ....................................................................... B.6 - 16 6.8 TENSION MEMBERS .................................................................................................................................... B.6 - 23 6.9 COMPRESSION MEMBERS ......................................................................................................................... B.6 - 23 6.10 I-SECTION FLEXURAL MEMBERS .......................................................................................................... B.6 - 24 6.11 BOX-SECTION FLEXURAL MEMBERS ................................................................................................... B.6 - 40 6.13 CONNECTIONS AND SPLICES ................................................................................................................. B.6 - 41 6.14 PROVISIONS FOR STRUCTURE TYPES .................................................................................................. B.6 - 46 6.15 PILES ............................................................................................................................................................ B.6 - 46 6.16 REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................................. B.6 - 52 APPENDIX B6 MOMENT REDISTRIBUTION FROM INTERIORPIER I-SECTIONS IN STRAIGHT
CONTINUOUS-SPAN BRIDGES .............................................................................................................. B.6 - 53
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SECTION 7 ALUMINUM STRUCTURES
7.4 MATERIALS .................................................................................................................................................. B.7 - 1
SECTION 8 WOOD STRUCTURES
8.4 MATERIALS .................................................................................................................................................. B.8 - 1 8.11 BRACING REQUIREMENTS ...................................................................................................................... B.8 - 1
SECTION 9 DECKS AND DECK SYSTEMS
9.2 DEFINITIONS ................................................................................................................................................ B.9 - 1 9.4 GENERAL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS ....................................................................................................... B.9 - 1 9.5 LIMIT STATES .............................................................................................................................................. B.9 - 1 9.6 ANALYSIS...................................................................................................................................................... B.9 - 2 9.7 CONCRETE DECK SLABS ........................................................................................................................... B.9 - 2 9.8 METAL DECKS ............................................................................................................................................. B.9 - 7 9.9 WOOD DECKS AND DECK SYSTEMS....................................................................................................... B.9 - 9 9.11P DECK PROTECTION SYSTEMS .............................................................................................................. B.9 - 10 9.12P REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................................ B.9 - 12
SECTION 10 FOUNDATIONS
10.2 DEFINITIONS .............................................................................................................................................. B.10 - 1 10.3 NOTATION .................................................................................................................................................. B.10 - 2 10.4 SOIL AND ROCK PROPERTIES ................................................................................................................ B.10 - 3 10.5 LIMIT STATES AND RESISTANCE FACTORS ........................................................................................ B.10 - 11 10.6 SPREAD FOOTINGS .................................................................................................................................... B.10 - 18 10.7 DRIVEN PILES ............................................................................................................................................ B.10 - 42 10.8 DRILLED SHAFTS ...................................................................................................................................... B.10 - 76 10.9 MICROPILES ............................................................................................................................................... B.10 - 85 10.10 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................................ B.10 - 94 B10P ESTIMATED VALUES FOR ALLOWABLE BEARING PRESSURE ................................................... B.10 - 97 B10.1P SCOPE ...................................................................................................................................................... B.10 - 97
SECTION 11 ABUTMENTS, PIERS AND WALLS
11.1 SCOPE ........................................................................................................................................................... B.11 - 1 11.2 DEFINITIONS .............................................................................................................................................. B.11 - 7 11.4 SOIL PROPERTIES AND MATERIALS ..................................................................................................... B.11 - 7 11.5 LIMIT STATES AND RESISTANCE FACTORS ....................................................................................... B.11 - 8 11.6 ABUTMENTS AND CONVENTIONAL RETAINING WALLS ................................................................ B.11 - 11 11.7 PIERS ............................................................................................................................................................ B.11 - 20 11.8 NONGRAVITY CANTILEVERED WALLS ............................................................................................... B.11 - 25 11.9. ANCHORED WALLS.................................................................................................................................. B.11 - 27 11.10 MECHANICALLY STABILIZED EARTH WALLS ................................................................................. B.11 - 34 11.11 PREFABRICATED MODULAR WALLS ................................................................................................. B.11 - 40 11.13P GABION RETAINING WALLS .............................................................................................................. B.11 - 42 11.14P REFERENCES .......................................................................................................................................... B.11 - 44
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SECTION 12 BURIED STRUCTURES AND TUNNEL LINERS
12.1 SCOPE ........................................................................................................................................................... B.12 - 1 12.2 DEFINITIONS .............................................................................................................................................. B.12 - 1 12.3 NOTATION .................................................................................................................................................. B.12 - 1 12.4 SOIL AND MATERIAL PROPERTIES ....................................................................................................... B.12 - 3 12.5 LIMIT STATES AND RESISTANCE FACTORS ....................................................................................... B.12 - 4 12.6 GENERAL DESIGN FEATURES ................................................................................................................ B.12 - 7 12.7 METAL PIPE, PIPE ARCH AND ARCH STRUCTURES .......................................................................... B.12 - 30 12.8 LONG-SPAN STRUCTURAL PLATE STRUCTURES .............................................................................. B.12 - 31 12.9 STRUCTURAL PLATE BOX STRUCTURES ............................................................................................ B.12 - 32 12.10 REINFORCED CONCRETE PIPE ............................................................................................................. B.12 - 34 12.11 REINFORCED CONCRETE CAST-IN-PLACE AND PRECAST BOX CULVERTS AND
REINFORCED CAST-IN-PLACE ARCHES ............................................................................................. B.12 - 34 12.12 THERMOPLASTIC PIPES ......................................................................................................................... B.12 - 38 12.13 STEEL TUNNEL LINER PLATE .............................................................................................................. B.12 - 42 12.14 PRECAST REINFORCED CONCRETE THREE-SIDED STRUCTURES ............................................... B.12 - 42 12.15 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................................ B.12 - 44
SECTION 13 RAILINGS
13.1 SCOPE ........................................................................................................................................................... B.13 - 1 13.2 DEFINITIONS ............................................................................................................................................... B.13 - 1 13.4 GENERAL ..................................................................................................................................................... B.13 - 1 13.7 TRAFFIC RAILING...................................................................................................................................... B.13 - 2 13.8 PEDESTRIAN RAILING.............................................................................................................................. B.13 - 6 13.9 BICYCLE RAILINGS ................................................................................................................................... B.13 - 6 13.12 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................................ B.13 - 6
SECTION 14 JOINTS AND BEARINGS
14.1 SCOPE ........................................................................................................................................................... B.14 - 1 14.2 DEFINITIONS .............................................................................................................................................. B.14 - 1 14.3 NOTATION .................................................................................................................................................. B.14 - 1 14.4 MOVEMENTS AND LOADS ....................................................................................................................... B.14 - 2 14.5 BRIDGE JOINTS .......................................................................................................................................... B.14 - 2 14.6 REQUIREMENTS FOR BEARINGS ........................................................................................................... B.14 - 6 14.7 SPECIAL DESIGN PROVISIONS FOR BEARINGS .................................................................................. B.14 - 11 14.8 LOAD PLATES AND ANCHORAGE FOR BEARINGS ............................................................................ B.14 - 39 14.10 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................................ B.14 - 41
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PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION DESIGN MANUAL
PART 4
VOLUME 2 - TABLE OF CONTENTS
APPENDICES
APPENDIX A QUALITY ASSURANCE FORMS FOR BRIDGE DESIGN
1.0 GENERAL ..................................................................................................................................................... Ap.A - 1 2.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE FORMS ............................................................................................................... Ap.A - 1
APPENDIX B - TECHNICAL GUIDELINES FOR SHOP DRAWING REVIEW
APPENDIX C PAST AND CURRENT BRIDGE STANDARDS
APPENDIX D CHECKLIST FOR CONTRACTOR'S DESIGN ALTERNATE CONCEPTUAL DESIGN REVIEW
APPENDIX E BRIDGE MANAGEMENT WHITE PAPER
1.0 ASSET DEFINITION ................................................................................................................................... Ap.E - 1 2.0 GOALS AND POLICIES .............................................................................................................................. Ap.E - 1 3.0 INVENTORY ................................................................................................................................................ Ap.E - 3 4.0 CONDITION ASSESSMENT AND PERFORMANCE MODELING ......................................................... Ap.E - 3 5.0 ALTERNATIVES EVALUATION AND OPTIMIZATION (DECISION MAKING PROCESSES) ......... Ap.E - 3 6.0 IMPLEMENTATION ................................................................................................................................... Ap.E - 4 7.0 PERFORMANCE MONITORING ............................................................................................................... Ap.E - 4 8.0 NEXT STEPS ................................................................................................................................................ Ap.E - 4 9.0 IMPLEMENTATION AND CONTINUATION OF NEXT STEPS............................................................. Ap.E - 5
APPENDIX F REFERENCE MATERIAL FOR LATERALLY LOADED PILES AND DRILLED SHAFTS
1.1 LATERAL LOADS ON PILES ..................................................................................................................... Ap.F - 1 2.1 DRILLED SHAFTS ...................................................................................................................................... Ap.F - 71 2.2 COM624 ANALYSES .................................................................................................................................. Ap.F - 73 2.3 STRUCTURAL DESIGN AND GENERAL SHAFT DIMENSIONS .......................................................... Ap.F - 93 2.4 REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................................. Ap.F - 113
APPENDIX G INTEGRAL ABUTMENTS
1.1 PURPOSE...................................................................................................................................................... Ap.G - 1 1.2 DESIGN CRITERIA ..................................................................................................................................... Ap.G - 1 1.3 SUPERSTRUCTURE DESIGN .................................................................................................................... Ap.G - 10 1.4 INTEGRAL ABUTMENT DESIGN ............................................................................................................. Ap.G - 11 1.5 APPROACH SLAB ....................................................................................................................................... Ap.G - 21 1.6 EXPANSION JOINTS .................................................................................................................................. Ap.G - 22 1.7 BEARING PADS .......................................................................................................................................... Ap.G - 23 1.8 DESIGN DETAILS ....................................................................................................................................... Ap.G - 23 1.9 REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................................. Ap.G - 24
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APPENDIX H PENNSYLVANIA INSTALLATION DIRECT DESIGN (PAIDD) FOR CONCRETE PIPES
1.0 SCOPE ........................................................................................................................................................... Ap.H - 1 2.0 APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS ..................................................................................................................... Ap.H - 1 3.0 DEFINITIONS .............................................................................................................................................. Ap.H - 1 4.0 NOTATIONS ................................................................................................................................................ Ap.H - 2 5.0 SUMMARY OF PRACTICE ........................................................................................................................ Ap.H - 3 6.0 GENERAL ..................................................................................................................................................... Ap.H - 4 7.0 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS ......................................................................................................................... Ap.H - 4 8.0 MATERIALS ................................................................................................................................................ Ap.H - 5 9.0 LOADS .......................................................................................................................................................... Ap.H - 6 10.0 STANDARD INSTALLATIONS................................................................................................................ Ap.H - 6 11.0 PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION..................................................................................................................... Ap.H - 8 12.0 REINFORCEMENT .................................................................................................................................... Ap.H - 8 13.0 PIPE DESIGNATION ................................................................................................................................. Ap.H - 12 14.0 MULTIPLE PIPE INSTALLATIONS ........................................................................................................ Ap.H - 12
APPENDIX I EXTENSIBLE REINFORCEMENTS
1.1 HYDRAULICS .............................................................................................................................................. Ap.I - 1 2.0 REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................................. Ap.I - 8
APPENDIX J APPROVED COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE OR CONSULTANT DEVELOPED SOFTWARE
1.0 COMPUTER PROGRAM ACCEPTANCE GIRDER BRIDGES ............................................................. Ap.J - 1 2.0 COMPUTER PROGRAM ACCEPTANCE GENERAL/SPECIFIC ANALYSIS ..................................... Ap.J - 2 3.0 COMPUTER PROGRAM ACCEPTANCE SEISMIC ANALYSIS .......................................................... Ap.J - 3 4.0 COMPUTER PROGRAM ACCEPTANCE GEOTECHNICAL ANALYSIS ........................................... Ap.J - 4
APPENDIX K APPROVED PREFABRICATED RETAINING WALLS
APPENDIX L SOIL-CORRUGATED METAL STRUCTURE INTERACTION SYSTEMS SOIL-CULVERT INTERACTION (SCI) DESIGN PROCEDURE
1.0 GENERAL ..................................................................................................................................................... Ap.L - 1 2.0 DESIGN ........................................................................................................................................................ Ap.L - 4 3.0 REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................................. Ap.L - 16
APPENDIX M SOIL-CORRUGATED METAL BOX STRUCTURE INTERACTION SYSTEMS SOIL-CULVERT INTERACTION (SCI) DESIGN PROCEDURE
1.0 GENERAL ..................................................................................................................................................... Ap.M - 1 2.0 DESIGN ........................................................................................................................................................ Ap.M - 2 3.0 REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................................. Ap.M - 6
APPENDIX N PROCEDURE FOR ISSUING A NEW STANDARD OR REVISING AN EXISTING STANDARD
1.0 PROCEDURE FOR DEVELOPING A NEW STANDARD OR REVISING AN EXISTING STANDARD .............................................................................................................................................. Ap.N - 1
2.0 PROCEDURE FOR PREPARATION OF STANDARD DRAWINGS ........................................................ Ap.N - 2 3.0 PROCEDURE FOR ISSUANCE OF STANDARDS .................................................................................... Ap.N - 2
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APPENDIX O SOIL-NAILED RETAINING WALLS
1.1 GENERAL ..................................................................................................................................................... Ap.O - 1 1.2 LOADING ..................................................................................................................................................... Ap.O - 2 1.3 MOVEMENT UNDER THE SERVICE LIMIT STATE .............................................................................. Ap.O - 2 1.4 SAFETY AGAINST SOIL FAILURE .......................................................................................................... Ap.O - 3 1.5 SAFETY AGAINST STRUCTURAL FAILURE ......................................................................................... Ap.O - 7 1.6 SEISMIC DESIGN PROVISIONS ............................................................................................................... Ap.O - 17 1.7 CORROSION PROTECTION ...................................................................................................................... Ap.O - 17 1.8 NAIL TESTING ............................................................................................................................................ Ap.O - 18 1.9 DRAINAGE .................................................................................................................................................. Ap.O - 18 1.10 SUBMITTALS ............................................................................................................................................ Ap.O - 18 1.11 CONTRACTORS QUALIFICATIONS ..................................................................................................... Ap.O - 20 1.12 CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS ...................................................................................................... Ap.O - 20 1.13 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................................ Ap.O - 38
APPENDIX P JACKING AND SUPPORTING THE SUPERSTRUCTURE
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PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION DESIGN MANUAL
PART 4
INTRODUCTION
Design Manual, Part 4 is part of a series of Department (Pennsylvania Department of Transportation) design manuals which have the specific objective of obtaining uniformity and establishing standard policies and procedures in the preparation of design and construction plans for highway structures. The provisions of the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications, shall govern where applicable, except as specifically modified by the requirements herein.
The inclusion of specified design criteria in this Manual does not imply that existing roadways, which were designed and constructed using different criteria, are either substandard or must be reconstructed to meet the criteria contained herein. Many existing facilities which met the design criteria at the time of their construction are adequate to safely and efficiently accommodate current criteria unless a safety or capacity problem manifests itself.
Since it is not feasible to provide a highway system that is continuously in total compliance with the most current design criteria, it is imperative that both new construction and reconstruction projects are selected from a carefully planned program which identifies those locations in need of improvement and then treats them in priority order. Once a new construction or reconstruction project is selected in this manner, this Manual should be used as a guide in determining the appropriate design criteria to be used.
The Design Manual has precedence over AASHTO design specifications and bridge design and construction standards. The Design Manual, which is published in loose-leaf form to facilitate changes and expansion, is divided into three parts:
(A) "Policies and Procedures", (B) "Design Specifications" and (C) "Appendices to Design Manual, Part 4". In Part B, the AASHTO LRFD article numbering system is followed. Where a new article has been added, the suffix P, to
designate "Pennsylvania Article", appears at the end of the new article number. All references to AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications sections, articles, equations, figures or tables carry the
prefix A. References to AASHTO commentary carry the prefix AC. References to Design Manual, Part 4, Part A, "Policies and Procedures", carry the prefix PP. References to Design Manual, Part 4, Part B, "Design Specifications", carry the prefix D. References to commentary to Design Manual, Part 4 carry the prefix DC.
When a DM-4 article modifies and/or adds information to an AASHTO article, the first sentence of the DM-4 article shall read "The following shall supplement Ax.x.x". When a DM-4 article replaces an AASHTO article, the first sentence shall read "The following shall replace Ax.x.x".
Policy and procedure information which does not have a corresponding AASHTO article number will be placed using a "0" attached to the article number.
Maintenance and updating of this Manual is the responsibility of the Bureau of Project Delivery.
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PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION DESIGN MANUAL
PART 4
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
AAR Association of American Railroads
AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials - Generally "AASHTO" is a reference to LRFD Bridge Design Specifications
ADT Average Daily Traffic
ADTT Average Daily Truck Traffic
AITC American Institute of Timber Construction
AREMA American Railway Engineering and Maintenance of Way Association
ASTM American Society of Testing and Materials
AWS American Welding Society
BC-Stds. Bridge Construction Standards
BD-Stds. Bridge Design Standards
BBSS Bureau of Business Solutions and Services
BPAA Bridge Plan Approval Application
BMS Bridge Management System
BOPD Bureau of Project Delivery
BDTD Bridge Design and Technology Division
BRADD Bridge Automated Design and Drafting
Bul. 15 Approved Construction Materials (Bulletin 15)
CADD Computer-Aided Design and Drafting
C/C Center-to-Center
CVN Charpy V-notch (Impact Requirement)
DCNR Department of Conservation and Natural Resources
DEP Department of Environmental Protection
DGCE District Grade Crossing Engineer
DPE District Project Engineer
DM-4 Design Manual, Part 4
DPM District Project Manager
FAST Facilitate Acceleration through Special Techniques
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DM-4, 0BList of Abbreviations May 2012
0BLIST OF ABBREVIATIONS (continued)
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FHWA Federal Highway Administration
HDD Highway Delivery Division
LFTF Liquid Fuel Tax Funded
LRFD Load and Resistance Factor Design
LTS Laboratory Testing Section
MPS Master Policy Statement
MSE Mechanically Stabilized Embankment
NBIS National Bridge Inspection Standards
PC Personal Computer
PennDOT Pennsylvania Department of Transportation
PMC Project Management Committee
P/S Prestressed
PS&E Plans, Specifications and Estimate
PTF Pennsylvania Traffic Factor
PUC Public Utility Commission
Q/A Quality Assurance
RC Reinforced Concrete
RC-Stds. Roadway Construction Standards
RQD Rock Quality Designation
SCEF Structural Committee for Economical Fabrication
SIRS Structure Inventory Record System
SMS Structural Materials Section
S. R. State Route
STStds. Structural Standards (Predecessor to BC Series)
TC-8700 Series Traffic Control Signing Standards
TS&L Type, Size and Location
VEACTT Value Engineering Accelerated Construction Technology Transfer
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PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION DESIGN MANUAL
PART 4
INCORPORATED STRIKE-OFF LETTERS
SOL 431-98-23 Highway Hydraulics Hydraulic Engineering Circular No. 23 FHWA HI 97-030
SOL 431-09-14 Publication 15M, Design Manual Part 4 Change No. 1
SOL 431-10-6 Fill and Cover Requirements for Pipe Revisions to Design and Construction Publications
SOL 431-10-12 Bridge Design Standards, BD-600M Series (Pub. 218M): September 2010 Edition
SOL 431-10-13 Bridge Construction Standards, BC-700M Series (Pub. 219M): October 2010 Edition
SOL 431-11-4 Publication 218M BD-642M, BD-643M, BD-644M, BD-645M, & BD-647M and Publication 15M Design Manual, Part-4 Revised Definition of Design Sign Area and Design Preference for Overhead Sign Structures
SOL 431-11-6 Modifications to Publication 15M, Design Manual Part 4 Implementation Measures to Mitigate Corrosion of Substructure J-Bar Reinforcement
SOL 431-11-8 Publication 15M, Design Manual Part 4 Addition of Section B 2.9P and Quality Assurance Form D-519 to Design Manual Part 4 for Construction Loading on Bridges
SOL 431-11-9 Publication 15M, Design Manual Part 4 Revision of Appendix J - Approved Commercially Available or Consultant-Developed Software
SOL 431-12-2 Implementation of AAAP Cement Concrete
SOL 431-12-3 Publication 219M, BC-701M - Protective Fence - New Protective Fence Details for Bridges over Railroads
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PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION DESIGN MANUAL
PART 4
VOLUME 1
PART A: POLICIES AND PROCEDURES
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PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION DESIGN MANUAL
PART 4
VOLUME 1
PART A: POLICIES AND PROCEDURES
PREFACE All references to AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications sections, articles, equations, figures or tables carry the prefix A. References to AASHTO commentary carry the prefix AC. References to Design Manual, Part 4, Part A, "Policies and Procedures", carry the prefix PP. References to Design Manual, Part 4, Part B, "Design Specifications", carry the prefix D. References to commentary to Design Manual, Part 4 carry the prefix DC.
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PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION DESIGN MANUAL
PART 4
VOLUME 1
PART A: POLICIES AND PROCEDURES
CHAPTER 1 ADMINISTRATIVE CONSIDERATIONS
CHAPTER 1 - TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.1 APPLICABLE SPECIFICATIONS AND STANDARDS............................................................................................ A.1 - 1 1.1.1 Design Specifications ......................................................................................................................................... A.1 - 1
1.1.1.1 AASHTO Interim Specifications .............................................................................................................. A.1 - 1 1.1.1.2 Deviations From Specifications ................................................................................................................ A.1 - 1 1.1.1.3 Order Of Precedence ................................................................................................................................ A.1 - 1 1.1.1.4 Interpretation Of Design Specifications .................................................................................................... A.1 - 1 1.1.1.5 Applicable Specifications for Local Projects ............................................................................................ A.1 - 1 1.1.1.6 AASHTO Guide Specifications ................................................................................................................ A.1 - 2 1.1.1.7 AASHTO Standard Specifications ........................................................................................................... A.1 - 3
1.1.2 Construction Specifications ................................................................................................................................ A.1 - 3 1.1.3 Bridge Standards................................................................................................................................................. A.1 - 3
1.1.3.1 Supplemental Drawings ............................................................................................................................ A.1 - 4
1.2 MODIFICATIONS TO DESIGN MANUAL ............................................................................................................... A.1 - 4 1.2.1 Submission of Recommended Modifications...................................................................................................... A.1 - 4 1.2.2 Processing of Recommended Modifications ....................................................................................................... A.1 - 7
1.3 BRIDGE DESIGNS AND REVIEWS BY CONSULTANTS ..................................................................................... A.1 - 7 1.3.1 Scope of Work for New Designs ........................................................................................................................ A.1 - 7 1.3.2 Scope of Work for Rehabilitation Projects ......................................................................................................... A.1 - 7 1.3.3 Selection of Design Methodology....................................................................................................................... A.1 - 8 1.3.4 Bridge Design Review by Consultants ................................................................................................................ A.1 - 8
1.3.4.1 Review Levels ........................................................................................................................................ A.1 - 11
1.4 COMPUTER PROGRAMS ........................................................................................................................................ A.1 - 11 1.4.1 Modification, Acquisition, or Development of Programs ................................................................................. A.1 - 11 1.4.2 Bridge Automated Design and Drafting System (BRADD).............................................................................. A.1 - 12
1.4.2.1 Department Use ...................................................................................................................................... A.1 - 12 1.4.2.2 Use of BRADD on Consultant Designed State Projects ......................................................................... A.1 - 12 1.4.2.3 Use of BRADD on Non-Departmental Pennsylvania Bridge Projects ................................................... A.1 - 12
1.4.3 CADD Cells for Bridge Details ........................................................................................................................ A.1 - 13 1.4.4 Bridge Engineering Software on PCs ............................................................................................................... A.1 - 13 1.4.5 Commercial Software ....................................................................................................................................... A.1 - 13 1.4.6 Computer Programs for Girder Bridges ............................................................................................................ A.1 - 13 1.4.7 PC Versions of the PennDOT Engineering Programs ...................................................................................... A.1 - 14
1.5 MAJOR, UNUSUAL OR COMPLEX BRIDGES ...................................................................................................... A.1 - 16 1.5.1 Definitions ........................................................................................................................................................ A.1 - 16 1.5.2 Design Requirements ........................................................................................................................................ A.1 - 16 1.5.3 Early Involvement of BDTD ............................................................................................................................ A.1 - 16
1.6 PLAN PRESENTATION ........................................................................................................................................... A.1 - 16 1.6.1 Drawings ........................................................................................................................................................... A.1 - 16 1.6.2 Title Blocks ...................................................................................................................................................... A.1 - 18
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1.6.2.1 Basic Information ................................................................................................................................... A.1 - 18 1.6.2.2 Description of Structure .......................................................................................................................... A.1 - 18 1.6.2.3 Description of Drawings ......................................................................................................................... A.1 - 19 1.6.2.4 Sheet Numbering .................................................................................................................................... A.1 - 19 1.6.2.5 Structure Plan Number (S-Number) ....................................................................................................... A.1 - 19
1.6.3 Special Requirements ....................................................................................................................................... A.1 - 20 1.6.3.1 Engineering Seal ..................................................................................................................................... A.1 - 20 1.6.3.2 Supplemental Drawings .......................................................................................................................... A.1 - 20 1.6.3.3 Revisions ................................................................................................................................................ A.1 - 20 1.6.3.4 Release of Information and Documents to Non-Department Source ...................................................... A.1 - 20
1.6.4 General Requirements ....................................................................................................................................... A.1 - 21 1.6.4.1 Layout ..................................................................................................................................................... A.1 - 21 1.6.4.2 Linework and Lettering .......................................................................................................................... A.1 - 21 1.6.4.3 Checking ................................................................................................................................................. A.1 - 21 1.6.4.4 North Arrow ........................................................................................................................................... A.1 - 21 1.6.4.5 Dimensioning .......................................................................................................................................... A.1 - 21 1.6.4.6 Duplication of Details ............................................................................................................................. A.1 - 21 1.6.4.7 Cross-Referencing .................................................................................................................................. A.1 - 21 1.6.4.8 Pay Limits ............................................................................................................................................... A.1 - 21 1.6.4.9 Abbreviations ......................................................................................................................................... A.1 - 22 1.6.4.10 Reinforcement Bar Schedules ............................................................................................................... A.1 - 22 1.6.4.11 General Plan Sheet ............................................................................................................................... A.1 - 22
1.6.5 Stake-Out Sketch .............................................................................................................................................. A.1 - 28 1.6.5.1 Stake-Out Guidelines .............................................................................................................................. A.1 - 28 1.6.5.2 Procedure to Ensure Against Discrepancies in Bridge Stake-Out .......................................................... A.1 - 28
1.7 GENERAL NOTES .................................................................................................................................................... A.1 - 30 1.7.1 Design Specifications ....................................................................................................................................... A.1 - 30 1.7.2 Design Live Loads ............................................................................................................................................ A.1 - 30 1.7.3 Dead Loads ....................................................................................................................................................... A.1 - 30 1.7.4 General ............................................................................................................................................................. A.1 - 30
1.7.4.1 Notes for Proprietary Walls (For plans prepared by a proprietor for the Contractor) ............................ A.1 - 32 1.7.4.2 Notes for Bridge Rehabilitation Plans .................................................................................................... A.1 - 32
1.7.5 Notes for Piles .................................................................................................................................................. A.1 - 33 1.7.5.1 Notes for Pile Driving Requirements ...................................................................................................... A.1 - 33 1.7.5.2 Notes for Pile Installation Information ................................................................................................... A.1 - 35
1.7.6 Notes for Reinforced Concrete Box and Arch Culverts .................................................................................... A.1 - 35 1.7.7 Notes for Steel Beams and Girders ................................................................................................................... A.1 - 35 1.7.8 Welding Notes for Rehabilitation of Structures or where Field Welding is Permitted ..................................... A.1 - 36 1.7.9 Utility Notes ..................................................................................................................................................... A.1 - 36 1.7.10 Instructions ..................................................................................................................................................... A.1 - 37 1.7.11 Timber Notes .................................................................................................................................................. A.1 - 37 1.7.12 Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls .............................................................................................................. A.1 - 37 1.7.13 Additional Notes to be shown on Contract Drawings ..................................................................................... A.1 - 37
1.8 DESIGN COMPUTATIONS ..................................................................................................................................... A.1 - 37 1.8.1 General Requirements ....................................................................................................................................... A.1 - 37
1.8.1.1 Policy for Designer's Responsibility for Constructibility ........................................................................ A.1 - 38 1.8.2 Computer Programs .......................................................................................................................................... A.1 - 39 1.8.3 Rating Computations ........................................................................................................................................ A.1 - 39
1.9 BRIDGE SUBMISSIONS DESIGN PHASE .......................................................................................................... A.1 - 41 1.9.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. A.1 - 41 1.9.2 Permit Applications and Hydrologic and Hydraulic Report ............................................................................. A.1 - 46
1.9.2.1 Hydrologic and Hydraulic Coordinators and Regulatory Permit Coordinators ...................................... A.1 - 47 1.9.2.2 Records of Regulatory Permits ............................................................................................................... A.1 - 47
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1.9.2.3 Permit Amendments ............................................................................................................................... A.1 - 47 1.9.2.4 Permits for Projects with Alternate Structures at One Location ............................................................. A.1 - 48 1.9.2.5 Permits for Design-Build Projects .......................................................................................................... A.1 - 48
1.9.3 Type, Size and Location (TS&L) ..................................................................................................................... A.1 - 49 1.9.3.1 General ................................................................................................................................................... A.1 - 49 1.9.3.2 Responsibility ......................................................................................................................................... A.1 - 49
1.9.3.2.1 Responsibility of District .............................................................................................................. A.1 - 49 1.9.3.2.2 Responsibility of BDTD ............................................................................................................... A.1 - 49
1.9.3.3 Submission Requirement ........................................................................................................................ A.1 - 49 1.9.3.3.1 Standard TS&L ............................................................................................................................ A.1 - 49 1.9.3.3.2 Streamlined TS&L........................................................................................................................ A.1 - 53
1.9.4 Foundations ...................................................................................................................................................... A.1 - 53 1.9.4.1 General ................................................................................................................................................... A.1 - 53 1.9.4.2 Responsibility ......................................................................................................................................... A.1 - 53
1.9.4.2.1 Responsibility of District .............................................................................................................. A.1 - 53 1.9.4.2.2 Responsibility of BDTD ............................................................................................................... A.1 - 53
1.9.4.3 Submission Requirement ........................................................................................................................ A.1 - 53 1.9.4.3.1 Standard Foundation ..................................................................................................................... A.1 - 54 1.9.4.3.2 Streamlined Foundation ................................................................................................................ A.1 - 62
1.9.4.4 Special Considerations ........................................................................................................................... A.1 - 62 1.9.4.5 Foundation Approval .............................................................................................................................. A.1 - 62
1.9.5 Final Review of Plans ....................................................................................................................................... A.1 - 62 1.9.5.1 Responsibility ......................................................................................................................................... A.1 - 62 1.9.5.2 Submissions ............................................................................................................................................ A.1 - 63
1.9.5.2.1 Plan Review by Consulting Engineers .......................................................................................... A.1 - 63 1.9.5.3 Checklist of Minimum Items .................................................................................................................. A.1 - 63
1.9.6 Final Plans ........................................................................................................................................................ A.1 - 65 1.9.6.1 Responsibility ......................................................................................................................................... A.1 - 65
1.9.6.1.1 Responsibility of District Bridge Engineer ................................................................................... A.1 - 65 1.9.6.1.2 Responsibility of BDTD ............................................................................................................... A.1 - 65
1.9.6.2 Plan Presentation .................................................................................................................................... A.1 - 65 1.9.6.3 Signing of Bridge Plans .......................................................................................................................... A.1 - 65
1.9.7 PS&E Submission ............................................................................................................................................. A.1 - 66 1.9.7.1 General ................................................................................................................................................... A.1 - 66 1.9.7.2 Responsibility of District Bridge Engineer ............................................................................................. A.1 - 67 1.9.7.3 Responsibility of BDTD ......................................................................................................................... A.1 - 67
1.9.8 Revisions to Contract Drawings and As-Built Plans ......................................................................................... A.1 - 67
1.10 BRIDGE SUBMISSIONS - CONSTRUCTION PHASE ......................................................................................... A.1 - 67 1.10.1 Alternate Design by Contractors ..................................................................................................................... A.1 - 67
1.10.1.1 General ................................................................................................................................................. A.1 - 67 1.10.1.2 Details for Alternate Design by Contractor .......................................................................................... A.1 - 68
1.10.1.2.1 Federal Oversight Projects and Major, Unusual or Complex Projects ....................................... A.1 - 68 1.10.1.2.1a In-House Review and Approval ........................................................................................ A.1 - 68 1.10.1.2.1b Consultant Review and Approval ...................................................................................... A.1 - 69
1.10.1.2.2 PennDOT Oversight Projects ..................................................................................................... A.1 - 70 1.10.1.2.2a In-House Review and Approval ........................................................................................ A.1 - 70 1.10.1.2.2b Consultant Review and Approval ...................................................................................... A.1 - 71
1.10.1.3 Disposition of Unused Plans for Alternate Bridge Designs .................................................................. A.1 - 72 1.10.1.4 Changes in Prestressing by Contractor ................................................................................................. A.1 - 72
1.10.2 Shop Drawings ................................................................................................................................................ A.1 - 72 1.10.2.1 Shop Drawing Review .......................................................................................................................... A.1 - 72
1.10.2.1.1 In-House Design ......................................................................................................................... A.1 - 72 1.10.2.1.2 Consultant Design ...................................................................................................................... A.1 - 72
1.10.2.2 Purpose ................................................................................................................................................. A.1 - 72 1.10.2.3 Required Shop Drawings ...................................................................................................................... A.1 - 73
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1.10.2.4 Statewide Standardization and Quality Control .................................................................................... A.1 - 73 1.10.2.5 Review Procedure ................................................................................................................................. A.1 - 74 1.10.2.6 Permanent Records of Shop Drawings ................................................................................................. A.1 - 75
1.10.3 Pile Hammer Approvals .................................................................................................................................. A.1 - 76 1.10.4 Pile Load Test Evaluations ............................................................................................................................. A.1 - 76 1.10.5 Construction Problems .................................................................................................................................... A.1 - 76 1.10.6 Revisions to Contract Drawings and "As-Built" Plans ................................................................................... A.1 - 76
1.10.6.1 Revisions During Bidding Phase .......................................................................................................... A.1 - 76 1.10.6.2 Revisions During Construction Phase................................................................................................... A.1 - 77
1.10.6.2.1 Revisions Due to Errors/Omissions or Field Conditions ............................................................ A.1 - 77 1.10.6.2.2 Revisions Due to Minor Design Changes Requested by the Contractor ..................................... A.1 - 77
1.10.6.3 Acceptance of Plan Revisions............................................................................................................... A.1 - 77 1.10.6.4 Drafting Procedures for Plan Revisions ................................................................................................ A.1 - 78 1.10.6.5 Microfilming and Storage Requirements .............................................................................................. A.1 - 78
1.11 STRUCTURE SUBMISSIONS DESIGN-BUILD, LOW BID ............................................................................. A.1 - 78 1.11.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................... A.1 - 78 1.11.2 Conceptual Design .......................................................................................................................................... A.1 - 78 1.11.3 Final Design .................................................................................................................................................... A.1 - 78 1.11.4 Construction .................................................................................................................................................... A.1 - 78
1.11.4.1 Shop Drawings ..................................................................................................................................... A.1 - 78 1.11.4.2 Pile Hammer Approvals ....................................................................................................................... A.1 - 78 1.11.4.3 Pile Load Test Evaluations ................................................................................................................... A.1 - 78 1.11.4.4 Construction Problems ......................................................................................................................... A.1 - 78 1.11.4.5 Revisions During Construction and As-Built Plans .............................................................................. A.1 - 78
1.12 STRUCTURE SUBMISSIONS DESIGN BUILD, ADJUSTED BID .................................................................. A.1 - 78 1.12.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................... A.1 - 78
1.13 HAULING RESTRICTIONS AND PERMITS ........................................................................................................ A.1 - 79 1.13.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................... A.1 - 79 1.13.2 Permit - Legal Loads....................................................................................................................................... A.1 - 79
1.14 SYSTEMS APPROVAL .......................................................................................................................................... A.1 - 79
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1.1 APPLICABLE SPECIFICATIONS AND STANDARDS
1.1.1 Design Specifications
The following specifications, unless otherwise modified or amended in this manual, shall govern the design of highway structures:
(1) AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications, 5th Edition, 2010
(2) AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5:20XX - Bridge Welding Code {XX per Publication 408, Section 1105.03(m)}
(3) AASHTO Standard Specifications for Structural Supports for Highway Signs, Luminaries and Traffic Signals, 4th Edition 2001 including Interims through 2006.
(4) AREMA Manual for Railway Engineering, 2011, and other specific requirements by the operating railroad
(5) AITC, American Institute of Timber Construction, Timber Construction Manual, Third Edition, 1985
(6) AASHTO Guide Specifications for the Design of Stress - Laminated Wood Decks, April 1991
(7) AASHTO Guide Specification for Strength Design of Truss Bridges (Load Factor Design), 1985.
1.1.1.1 AASHTO Interim Specifications
As AASHTO Interim Specifications are published, BDTD will review the interims and incorporate them into this manual as necessary.
1.1.1.2 Deviations From Specifications
Any deviations from the specifications and standards listed above, or the Department's design criteria described hereafter, require the Chief Bridge Engineer's approval. The approved design criteria shall be shown on the bridge plans.
1.1.1.3 Order Of Precedence
The design criteria given in this Manual supersedes any criteria given in the referenced design specifications in PP1.1.1 and PP1.1.3.
In case of conflict or where clear precedence cannot be established, the Chief Bridge Engineer shall establish governing specifications.
1.1.1.4 Interpretation Of Design Specifications
For Design Manual, Part 4, and AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications, the final interpretation shall be made by the Chief Bridge Engineer.
1.1.1.5 Applicable Specifications for Local Projects
Local projects may be designed using AASHTO specifications only, unless the local authority agrees to use the Department's specifications in addition to the AASHTO specifications. Additionally, Publication 70M, Guidelines for the Design of Local Roads and Streets, may be used.
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1.1.1.6 AASHTO Guide Specifications
1. Guide Specifications for Fatigue Design of Steel Bridges, 1989
This specification shall not be used.
The current Design Manual, Part 4, in combination with the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications provides all needed criteria and directions.
2. Guide Specifications for Strength Evaluation of Existing Steel and Concrete Bridges, 1989
This specification shall not be used.
The current PennDOT Bridge Inspection Manual in combination with the AASHTO Manual for Bridge Evaluation provides adequate criteria and directions.
The Department may ask any designer or bridge strength evaluator to use any of these publications under a special situation. The Chief Bridge Engineer should be contacted prior to authorization of their usage.
3. Guide Specifications for Bridge Railing, 1989
This specification shall not be used.
Only use Department established standard details for bridge railing and transition. Any needed modification will be published as a modification to the Department's railing standards. Special designs must match the Department's railing shape and size and ultimate strength.
4. Guide Specifications for Design and Construction of Segmental Concrete Bridges, 1999, including the 2003 Interim
This specification, with the exception of the following items, is to be used in preparation of segmental concrete projects:
a. Corrosion protection of prestressing steel shall be provided in accordance with Publication 408, Section 1108.03(b).
b. Provision for deck replacement and full-depth repair method must be presented. Provide a provision for a 1 1/4 in. latex overlay.
c. Do not use unbonded prestressing system as a permanent prestressing system.
d. Prior to starting design of any component of a segmental bridge, applicable section(s) of these specifications and design methodology must be reviewed and approved by the Chief Bridge Engineer.
5. Guide Specifications for Structural Design of Sound Barriers, 1989 including the 1992 and 2002 Interims
Refer to PP3.6.4 for further guidelines.
6. Guide Specifications for Alternate Load Factor Design Procedures for Steel Beam Bridges Using Braced Compact Sections, 1991
This specification shall not be implemented and is not to be used as a design guide on Department projects.
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7. Guide Specifications for Aluminum Highway Bridges, 1991
The specification may be used for information only.
Availability of the specification is not an endorsement to use aluminum bridges on Department projects. Special approval of the Chief Bridge Engineer is required for aluminum usage in bridges, as well as specific parts of the specifications on a project-by-project basis.
A copy of the Guide Specifications for Aluminum Highway Bridges is available in the BDTD.
8. Guide Specifications for Fatigue Evaluation of Existing Steel Bridges, 1990
This specification shall not be used on Department projects.
9. LRFD Guide Specifications for the Design of Pedestrian Bridges, 2009
This specification shall be used for bridges intended for only pedestrian, equestrian, light maintenance vehicles, and/or bicycle traffic.
10. Guide Specifications for LRFD Seismic Bridge Design, 2nd Edition, 2011
1.1.1.7 AASHTO Standard Specifications
1. Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges, 17th Edition
This specification shall be used when a service load or load factor design are requested, i.e. rehabilitation projects.
2. Standard Specifications for Structural Supports for Highway Signs, Luminaries and Traffic Signals, 4th Edition, 2001
Implement the interims through 2006 for this specification.
1.1.2 Construction Specifications
1. Publication 408, Specifications
2. Changes to Publication 408
1.1.3 Bridge Standards
The following standard drawings shall be followed and used wherever practicable:
1. Standards for Bridge Construction, BC Series
2. Standard Plans for Low Cost Bridges, BLC Series (Only use on local bridge projects and designs. Details must be upgraded to comply with the current policy.)
3. Standards for Bridge Design, BD Series
4. Standards for Roadway Construction, RC Series
5. Traffic Control and Signing Standards, TC-8600 and TC-8700 Series
6. Lighting, TC-8715
Reference to any or all of the Standard Drawings in the BC Series, on the structure design drawings, in lieu of showing specific details is encouraged, provided coordinating information is shown on the design drawings. Reference to applicable RC Standards shall also be made.
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1.1.3.1 Supplemental Drawings
The referenced Standard Drawings shall be listed in the Table for Supplemental Drawings and in the General Notes on the Roadway Plans with the other referenced drawings.
Lists of past and current bridge standards are given in Appendix C for information.
1.2 MODIFICATIONS TO DESIGN MANUAL
Whenever a user believes that modifications (including additions) to Design Manual, Part 4, would improve the present design practice, the following sections outline the course of action to be taken.
1.2.1 Submission of Recommended Modifications
The recommended modification shall be transmitted to the Director, Bureau of Project Delivery, by completing the revision request form shown in Figure 1.2.1-1.
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DESIGN MANUAL, PART 4
REVISION REQUEST
TO: , DIRECTOR
BUREAU OF PROJECT DELIVERY
REQUESTING ORGANIZATION/COMPANY DATE OF REQUEST SIGNATURE OF PERSON REQUESTING CHANGE
NAME OF PERSON TO CONTACT TELEPHONE NUMBER ADDRESS
IF YOU REQUIRE MORE SPACE THAN IS PROVIDED, USE SHEETS OF PLAIN PAPER THAT ARE THE SAME SIZE AS THESE SHEETS, NUMBER YOUR ANSWERS TO CORRESPOND WITH THE WAY THE ITEMS ARE NUMBERED BELOW. 1. TITLE, SECTION, NUMBER AND PAGE NUMBER OF THE EXISTING SPECIFICATION.
2. RECOMMENDED MODIFICATION AND THE CHAPTER(S) OR SECTION(S) INTO WHICH IT SHOULD BE INCORPORATED.
3. REASON AND/OR EXPLANATION FOR THE MODIFICATION.
Figure 1.2.1-1 Revision Request Form
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CHECKLIST FOR COMMENTS COMMENTS
DIVISIONS
HIGHWAY
BRIDGE
OTHER
SHEETS MAY BE ATTACHED TO EXPLAIN WHY REQUEST WAS OR WAS NOT RECOMMENDED OR APPROVED.
RECOMMENDED NOT RECOMMENDED
DATE _______________________________________________
_____________________________________________________ SIGNATURE
DIRECTOR, BUREAU OF PROJECT DELIVERY/ CHIEF BRIDGE ENGINEER
APPROVED DISAPPROVED
DATE ________________________________________________
______________________________________________________ SIGNATURE
DEPUTY SECRETARY OF HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION/DIRECTOR, BUREAU OF PROJECT DELIVERY
Figure 1.2.1-1 Revision Request Form (continued)
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