Diversity of Plant and Animal Life
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Transcript of Diversity of Plant and Animal Life
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Diversity of Plant and Animal Life
Diversity of Plant and Animal Life
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With an amazing diversity of more than 2 million kinds of organisms, there is a need for CLASSIFICATION.
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Classification allows us to…
• group living organisms systematically according to their common characteristics;
• recognise relationships between different living organisms; and
• have an easy reference in identifying living organisms.
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Organisms are classified into
FIVE KINGDOMS
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Kingdom Animalia
Invertebrates (with no backbone)
• Without jointed legs
• With jointed legs
Vertebrates (with backbone)
• Fish• Reptiles• Birds • Amphibians• Mammals
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Invertebrates
• Animals without jointed legs
• E.g. tapeworms, liverflukes
• Have flat, ribbon-like bodies
• Parasites
Flatworms
• E.g. pinworms, ascaris
• E.g. jellyfish• E.g. sponges
• Have long, cylindrical bodies with pointed ends
• Many are parasites
• Sea animals with tentacles and stinging cells
• Large numbers of pores present on bodies
RoundwormsStinging-cell animals
Sponges
• Animals without jointed legs
• E.g. jellyfish
• Sea animals with tentacles and stinging cells
Stinging-cell animals
• E.g. sponges
• Large numbers of pores present on bodies
Sponges
• E.g. pinworms, ascaris
• Have long, cylindrical bodies with pointed ends
• Many are parasites
Roundworms
• E.g. tapeworms, liverflukes
• Have flat, ribbon-like bodies
• Parasites
Flatworms
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Invertebrates
• Animals without jointed legs
• E.g. starfish, basket stars
• Bodies are radially symmetrical with five-part body design
• Found only in oceans
• Move with tube feet
Spiny-skinned animals
• E.g. snails, octopuses
• E.g. earthworms, leeches
• Soft bodies may be covered by a shell
• Use muscular movement
• Bodies are divided into segments or parts
• Found in a variety of environments
Molluscs (shelled animals)
Segmented worms
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Invertebrates
• )• Animals with jointed legs (Arthropods)
• Bodies are divided into segments or parts
• Bodies are covered with a exoskeleton (a hard substance that keeps the shape of the animals)
• E.g. millipedes, centipedes, prawns, crabs
With more than four pairs of legs
• E.g. spiders, scorpions, mites, ticks
• E.g. butterflies, beetles, termites, houseflies
With four pairs of legs (arachnids)
With 3 pairs of legs (insects)
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Vertebrates
• E.g. ducks, chickens, penguins
• Warm-blooded• Have beaks and
feathers• Have wings but not
all can fly• Breathe through
lungs• Lay eggs with
shells
Birds
• E.g. monitor lizards, crocodiles, tortoises
• Cold-blooded• Bodies are covered
with dry skin, and covered with horny scales
• Breathe through lungs
• Live on land
Reptiles
• E.g. human beings, cats, chimpanzees
• Warm-blooded• Bodies are
covered with hair• Breathe through
lungs• Most give birth to
live young
Mammals
• E.g. toads, salamanders, frogs
• E.g. groupers, sea dragons, stingrays
• Cold-blooded• Bodies are
covered by moist skin with no scales
• Breathe through lungs
• Live partly on land and in water
• Cold-blooded• Bodies are often
covered by scales
• Breathe using gills
• Live in fresh water or sea water
AmphibiansFish
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Kingdom Plantae
Flowering plants
Non-flowering plants
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Flowering plants
• Have roots, stems and leaves
• Reproduce by seeds
• Produce seed-bearing fruits
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Non-flowering plants
• Have roots, stems and leaves (needle-like)
• Reproduce by seeds
• Seeds are not found in fruits, by in cones
• Have roots, stems and leaves
• Reproduce by spores
• Spores are found on the underside of leaves
• Have no true roots, stems or leaves
• Reproduce by spores
• Spores are found in capsules
• E.g. pine, white spruce
Gymnosperms
• E.g. Stag’s horn fern, Bird’s nest fern
• E.g. Red moss, Leucobryum glaoum, Diphyscium foliosum
FernsMosses and liverworts
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Dichotomous Key• Classifies objects or organisms based on observable features • Splits a group into two contrasting groups each time it branches out• Can be used to identify organisms
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Miscellaneous
• http://www.101science.com/Taxonomy.htm
• http://www.nbrcnparks.org/
• http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/