(Diversity) Cultural (Intercultural) Competency
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(Diversity)Cultural
(Intercultural)
Competency October 26th & 27th 2011
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What is culture?
Hofstede … “the software of the mind”
“Culture is mental programming. Much of what is learned, including ways of thinking, feeling and acting, was learned in childhood. Social experiences and environment contribute to our personal definition of culture.” (1991)
“Culture is what makes us human. It provides the filters through which people look at their lives and the lives of others …”
(Marsiglia and Kulis 2009)
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Cultural competency
Cultural competence refers to an ability to interact effectively with people of different cultures Awareness of one's own cultural worldview, Knowledge of different cultural practices and
worldviews, and Cross-cultural Skills. Attitude towards cultural differences
CIITE-Connect Project: Cultural Competency Training for Ontario’s Colleges (DiversiPro)
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Intercultural competency
“the ability to interact effectively and appropriately in intercultural situations, based on specific attitudes, intercultural knowledge, skills and reflection.”
(Deardorff, 2006)
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6 components of IC
tolerance for ambiguity behavioural flexibility communicative awareness knowledge discovery respect for otherness empathy
(Prechtl and Davidson Lund, 2007)
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Learning …
Cognitive Affective Behavioural
And somatic (embodied)!http://dancingwiththegoddess.blogspot.com
/(The ethnicity of movement)
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Our entry point …
Self-awareness
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MY CULTURAL ANCESTORS ARE …
3 things I value are … ? ? ?(add more if you can)
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I am … Dominant: British & Scottish
Suppressed: Irish & German Jewish
(5th generation rural farming people)
Values I have inherited … Emotional self-control/reserve Resourcefulness/not wasting Practicality Community engagement Human rights
I’m an immigrant with 5 generations of seniority!
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Culture as an iceberg
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My iceberg
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But I am a Canadian!
What is the difference between “Canadian” culture and our individual ethnic identities?
* Dominant culture (white privilege) * Minority cultures (high vs. low
ethnic identity) - shared by families and
communities * Personal identity and values - individual and complex
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Other kinds of culture …
Deaf or queer culture Hip hop or “green” culture Professional culture
What kinds of groups do you belong to?
What cultural values do you share
with your group?
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What is behind our behaviour?
Surface culture …Behaviours and patterns that are apparent to the casual observer … dress, rituals, food, art, music (sometimes called folk culture)
Deep cultureCore values, learned ideas of what is considered good or bad, true or false, beautiful or ugly, acceptable or unacceptable
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My cultural iceberg
Name some of the other visible and invisible
elements of your personal
culture.
Surface
Deep values & beliefs
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Ethnic identity
High Moderate Low Forgotten or denied
Where are you on the scale
of ethnic identity?Your students?
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Ethnocentrism
A belief that one’s own ways are the only way or the best way to behave, believe or do things”
Hunt, Roberta. “Introduction to Community-based Nursing”, 2005
What are your sticking points when your cultural values are challenged?
Fill in a few belief statements below your values.
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What does culture “look” and “feel” like in behaviour?
Hofstede model
Individualist vs. collectivist culturesHigh power (hierarchy) vs. low power
(equality)Long-term time vs. short-term
orientationMasculine vs. feminineUncertainty avoidance vs. tolerance
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Where do you sit?
IndividualistCollectivist
High power Low Power
Masculine Feminine
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Where do you sit?
Long-term Short-term
Avoidance Tolerance
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Interacting with strangers
Anxiety is normal but shouldn’t be too high or too low
We use avoidance to reduce anxiety “The more positive our stereotypes
are, the less intergroup anxiety we experience.” (Gudykunst)
More varied stereotypes are also needed
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Becoming conscious
Our cultural programming allows us to flow in an unconscious behavioural stream
We end up in conflict or uneasy situations
Or we discriminate! The solution … “mindfulness”
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Based on Howell, taken from CIITE presentation
Stages of Cultural Competence
Unconscious Incompetenc
e
Conscious Incompetence
Conscious Competence
Unconscious Competence
Feedback
Education
Pra
ctic
e
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Cross-cultural miscommunication
Think of an experience when you had a conflict/misunderstanding
with someone.
Did the two of you share the same cultural values?
If not, how did your values differ?
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Inclusive language
Afro-Canadian?
Black?Coloured
?
Aboriginal?
Native?First
Nation?Indian?
Queer?LGBT?Transgend
er?Two-
spirited?Handicapped?
Disabled?
Girls?Women
?
Arab?Musli
m?
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Other best practices …
Start from a more formal relationship
Let others define themselves Ask others to tell you what they
want/need Observe your own reactions Get feedback Be aware of power dynamics Apologize when you make a mistake
and move forward with your own learning!
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Curriculum application
Adapt the Hofstede terms as needed (talk to Rose Manser)
Value mapping works well with mature learners
Younger students need information Dialogue is necessary Don’t punish rural learners from
homogenous environments
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The Diversity Network
http://flemingdiversitynetwork.blogspot.com/Sign up today for the wiki web page where you will access this power point and other resources on cultural competency