Diversity and human sociality- survey research -

Ferry Koster EUR/UvA/LEI

www.ferrykoster.nl

Survey research

• Research questionsIs solidarity affected by ageing and migration? What factors hinder or strengthen solidarity?

• Solidarity Formal or informal; voluntary of obligatory; …….

• Human socialityConditions for solidarity

• Effects of ageing and migrationSimilarities (distance) and differences (motives)

• Levels of analysisIndividual (micro); networks and social structures (meso); institutions (macro)

• Today: focus on migration•National and occupational composition (Burgoon, Koster and Van Egmond, 2012)•National and regional composition (Koster, 2012)

• Data en methods

Migration and sociality

• Effects of diversity• Economic threat• Cultural conflict• Social distance

• Different kinds of sociality• Interpersonal trust• Institutional trust• Government redistribution

• Contrasting effects

Migration and sociality

• Prior studies • National (comparative)• National en individual (comparative)• Regional and individual (single country)

• Related studies• Compensation hypothesis• Contact/conflict/constrict hypothesis

• Research focus• Level of analysis: comparing national and meso level• Different kinds of diversity• Different dependent variables• Different mechanisms

Overview of the studies

Study #1Burgoon, Koster & Van

Egmond (2012)

Study #2

Koster (2012)

Data sources

Social context

Macro level

Meso level

Dependent variables

Data

Overview of the studies

Study #1Burgoon, Koster & Van

Egmond (2012)

Study #2

Koster (2012)

Data sources European Social Survey 1-4

Social context

Macro level % foreign born in country

Meso level % foreign born in occupation

Dependent variables Support for government

redistribution

Data>90,000 individuals in 17

countries (OECD)

Overview of the studies

Study #1Burgoon, Koster & Van

Egmond (2012)

Study #2

Koster (2012)

Data sources European Social Survey 1-4 European Social Survey 1-4

Social context

Macro level % foreign born in country Fractionalization

Meso level % foreign born in occupation Diversity in origin, language

and religion

Dependent variables Support for government

redistribution

Interpersonal trust, institutional trust, and support for

government redistribution

Data>90,000 individuals in 17

countries (OECD)>160,000 individuals in 123

regions in 30 countries

Study #1

Government redistribution

Unemployment risk

Poverty risk Satisfaction with economy

Foreign born in occupation

Foreign born in country

Study #1

Government redistribution

Unemployment risk

Poverty risk Satisfaction with economy

Foreign born in occupation

0.32**

Foreign born in country

0.35

Study #1

Government redistribution

Unemployment risk

Poverty risk Satisfaction with economy

Foreign born in occupation

0.32** 0.87** 0.56** -1.38**

Foreign born in country

0.35

Study #1

• More support for government redistribution in more diverse occupations

• Effects of risks (economic threat)

Study #2

• Measuring heterogeneity • ESS items

• Country of origin: “In which country were you born?” (diversity in origin)• Language: “What language or languages do you speak most often at home?”

(linguistic diversity)• Religion: “Do you consider yourself as belonging to any particular religion or

denomination?”, “If yes, which one?” (religious diversity)

Study #2

Ethnic fractionalization

Linguistic fractionalization

Religious fractionalization

Diversity in origin

Linguistic diversity

Religious diversity

Study #2

Ethnic fractionalization

Linguistic fractionalization

Religious fractionalization

Diversity in origin 0.455 0.628 0.053

Linguistic diversity

0.821 0.818 0.160

Religious diversity

0.414 0.506 0.695

Study #2

Ethnic fractionalization

Linguistic fractionalization

Religious fractionalization

Diversity in origin 0.455 0.628 0.053

Linguistic diversity

0.821 0.818 0.160

Religious diversity

0.414 0.506 0.695

Study #2

Interpersonal trust

Institutional trustGovernment

redistribution

Diversity in origin

Linguistic diversity

Religious diversity

Study #2

Interpersonal trust

Institutional trustGovernment

redistribution

Diversity in origin -0.30

Linguistic diversity

-0.17

Religious diversity

0.32

Study #2

Interpersonal trust

Institutional trustGovernment

redistribution

Diversity in origin -0.30 0.81*

Linguistic diversity

-0.17 0.93**

Religious diversity

0.32 0.31

Study #2

Interpersonal trust

Institutional trustGovernment

redistribution

Diversity in origin -0.30 0.81* -0.93**

Linguistic diversity

-0.17 0.93** -0.22

Religious diversity

0.32 0.31 -0.46**

Study #2

• More institutional trust in more diverse regions• Less support for government redistribution in more diverse

regions• Social distance?

Conclusion

• Role of meso level, beyond macro and micro level• Measuring social structures using survey data• Different mechanisms• Contrasting results• Extending and comparing with ageing

Thank you