Districts, Licences and Commissioners

In defining the district limits of the unsettled part of the

colony, considerable difficulty was experienced, in the absence of

topographical inform ation, as already stated, hence the incomplete

character of the following official descriptions of 21 M ay, 1839,

shown on m ap by heavy broken lines, and numbered in accordance

with the Proclam ation of that date :—

N o. 1.— P o rt M acquarie D istric t : B ounded on the west by a line n o rth , by com pass, fro m th e to p of W errik im ber M oun ta in , on the sou th by the range extending from W errik im ber M o un ta in to C rescent H ead, a p o in t on th e coast; on th e easf by th e sea coast; on the north the boundary is indefinite.

No. 2.— New England D istric t : B ounded on th e east by a line north , by com pass, from the to p of W errik im ber M oun ta in , w hich is at the head of the H astings R iver; on the south by a line west, by com pass, fro m the to p o f W errik im ber to the G rea t D iv id ing R ange; on the west by the w estern extrem e of th a t range, so as to include the tab le land ; on th e no rth the boundary is indefinite. (A t a la te r date, th e tab le land area was extended sou therly to jo in the settlem ent area, as show n on m ap.)

N o. 3— L iverpool P la ins D istric t : B ounded on th e sou th by the L iverpool R ange, o r the G rea t D iv id ing R ange; on the east by the w estern extrem e o f the sam e G rea t D iv id ing R ange; on th e n o rth and west th e boundaries are indefinite.

N o. 4.— Bligh D is t r ic t ; B ounded on the one side by the M acquarie R iver, and on the no rth by th e L iverpool R ange, as it extends to the W arrabangle Range.

N o. 5.— W ellington D istric t : A djacen t to the C ounties of B athurst and W ellington, betw een the rivers L achlan and M acquarie.

N o. 6.— L achlan D istric t ; H aving fo r its boundary to th e sou th w ard th e righ t bank of th e M orum bidgee, as fa r as any sta tions extend dow n th a t river; and bounded on its righ t by the left bank of the Lachlan R iver.

N o. 7.— M orum bidgee D istrict : B ounded by the left bank of the M orum bidgee R iver, and being con term inous on the east w ith D istric t N o. 8.

N o. 8.— M onaroo D istric t : A djacent to the C ounties o f Saint V incent and M urray , keeping th e righ t ban k of the M orum bidgee, but extending over the w hole of the d istric t know n by the nam e of M onaroo Plains.

No. 9.— P o rt P h illip D istrict : T h e w hole of th e lands com prised in th e d istric t lying to the sou th of the M ain R ange, betw een the rivers O vens and G o u lburn , and ad jacen t to Port Ph illip .

In this proclam ation it is also announced that, “under the Act,

his Excellency has been pleased to appoint the following gentle

men to be Commissioners of Crown Lands beyond the boundaries

of location . . . and directs that the town at which they are

severally to be addressed to be notified, namely :—

N o. 1 Port M acquarie D istric t—H enry Oakes, Esq. (Port) M acquarie

N o. 2 N ew England D istric t—G eorge Janes M acdonald, Esq. Page’s R iver

N o. 3 L iverpool P la ins D istric t—E dw ard M ayne. Esq. Page’s R iver

15

No. 4 Bligh D istric t—G rah am H unter, Esq. Cassilis

No. 5 W ellington D istrict—L aurence V ance D ulhunty , Esq. W ellington

No. 6 Lachlan D istric t—H enry Cosby, Esq. Yass

No. 7 M urrum bidgee D istric t—H enry B ingham , Esq. Yass

No. 8 M o n aro D istric t—Jo h n L am bie, Esq. Q ueanbeyan

No. 9 Port P h illip D istric t—H enry Fysche G isbourne, Esq. M elbourne

The chief duties of these Commissioners, as stated by

Governor Gipps in his despatch of 14 September, 1841, were “to

exercise a control over the very numerous grazing establishments

which have been formed in those districts under license from the

Government, and to prevent collision between the men in charge

of such establishments and the aborigines of the country. These

Commissioners also collect the fees payable on the Government

licences, as well as a small assessment on cattle and sheep, author-

rised by an A ct of the Colonial Legislature, 2d Viet. No. 27” ; and

16

to aid in the exercise of their duties, each Commissioner was

provided with “a small force of m ounted constables, who, in

order that they may be distinguished from the m ore regular

m ounted policy of the colony, are called by the nam e of the

Border police” . . . .

L ittle is recorded officially regarding the personnel of the

above Commissioners. From family records, however, we learn

tha t M ajor Oakes was a retired officer of the Indian military

service. H e arrived in Tasm ania with his family in the year 1824,

and having received a grant of two thousand acres of land at

Eastern M arshes, he, for several years, engaged in pastoral pursuits.

In the years 1834-5 he was commissioned (we are informed) as the

L ieutenant-G overnor’s envoy to New Zealand on diplom atic

service, and whilst under commission there he assisted in quelling

the disturbances caused by the whalers. On the term ination of his

service as envoy, he m o v ^ , with his family, to M aoriland, where

he resided until coming to New South Wales. His death occurred

at Port M acquarie in September, 1842.

As regards Commissioner M acdonald’s establishment on the

tableland of New England, which he named A rm adale (Armidale),

see the Royal A ustralian Historical Society’s Journal, Vol. V III,

Part V, page 249.

Commissioners Dulhunty and Lam bie were engaged in

England as Government land surveyors, and for some years

followed their profession in New South Wales.

[The former, Laurence V. Dulhunty, arrived in New

South W ales in the ship G uildford in M arch 1824 and was

appointed to the Surveyor-General’s D epartm ent in charge of

roads and bridges in 1826. A part from being a Commissioner

of Crown Lands for the W ellington Pastoral District, firstly in

1837 and again in 1839, he later (about 1862) became a Police

M agistrate for that district.

T he latter, John Lambie, cam e to New South W ales with

recommendations from the Bishop of R ochester and the Duke

of A thol to the Under-Secretary for State, R obert Hay, for

an appointm ent as assistant surveyor. H e was so appointed in

June, 1829, and it was confirmed by Colonial Secretary’s letter

to him, 1 January, 1831. H e died at Cooma in 1862, aged

70 years.]

Commissioner Mayne, having been unfortunate in his land

speculations, was su cce^ed by Surveyor W. H. W right, a son of

Colonel W right, of the M ilitary College at Sandhurst, England.

A bout three years after the date of the above proclam ation,

the northerly advance of squatters, and the opening of M oreton

Bay to settlement, necessitated a further division of the country

17

into districts, and the following divisions, in conjunction with

their respective Commissioners were announced :—

M oreton Bay District— Stephen Simpson, M.D.

Darling Downs and part M oreton Bay—Christopher Rolleston

Clarence River—Oliver Fry

Port M acquarie— R obert Massie.

The appointm ent of the last (it was stated) “is new . . . as the

Clarence River and M oreton Bay formed, until recently, but one

district, under the late Mr. Henry Oakes . . .”

Jn quoting this by no means solitary instance of the energy

displayed by speculators and others in the acquisition of land,

it may be mentioned that our squatters did not confine their

pioneering operations to New South Wales only [but to New

Zealand, too] as is evident upon reading the following extract

from the Governor’s despatch of 16 August, 1840 ;—

. . . “T he declared in ten tio n of G overnm ent to enquire in to titles of land, and to d isallow all exo rb itan t claim s, occasioned m uch d is satisfaction am ong those pu rchasers o r speculators, and w hen the Act fo r appo in ting th e com m ission to enquire in to the claim s was brought fo rw ard by m e in C ouncil, it was loudly denounced by the parties in terested as illegal and unjust. P etitions p ray ing to be heard against the Bill w ere presented from various individuals, and th e p ray er of these p e titio n s being acceded to , five different ind iv iduals were adm itted to plead the cause of the pe titioners before the C ouncil. Of these five persons th ree w ere barristers, w ho appeared on behalf of the petitioners generally; the o ther w ere M r. Busby and M r. W. C. W entw orth, who w ere heard on th e ir own account, M r. Busby, the later R esident (of New Zealand), claim ed som ew hat m ore th an 50,000 acres of land, besides a tow nship o r site of a town, in the Bay of Islands, w hich he valued a t £30,000. Mr. W entw orth claim ed about 100,000 acres in the n o rth ern island, and ab o u t 20,000,000 (twenty m illion) in th e m iddle island, being, as he stated, the w hole of that island, w ith th e exception of abou t 3,000,000 acres w hich belonged, he said, to p r io r purchasers. T w o en tire days w ere devoted by the C ouncil to the hearing of these gentlem en. T h e ir argum ents, however, had no t the effect of preventing the passing of the Bill in the shape in w hich I have subm itted it fo r the approval of her M ajesty .”

In 1839, “the quantity of stock on which assessment was paid

for the latter half of the year was 7,088 horses, 371,699 horned

cattle, and 1,334,593 sheep, and the num ber of licensed stations

was 694. The real quantity of stock” , the Governor added, “ in

all probability exceeded the quantity returned” .

The following schedule is a copy of the first list of squatters

who occupied the unsettled lands of the colony under the Act of

1839, exclusive of the Port Phillip district, which was dealt with

separately. In this list about 75 per cent of the squatters of the

1836 list are again enrolled, as shown by the bracketed number

against each name. A further addition to the schedule is the

identification by aid of the fixity of tenure list of 1847 of the

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holdings of m any of the squatters who, up to that year, had

retained their runs :—

L ist of ind iv iduals w ho have ob tained licences from th e C olonial T reasu re r fo r depastu ring stock beyond th e boundaries o f loca tion . . . (See N ew

South W ales G overnm ent G azette o f [19 F ebruary ] 1840, page 170.)

PO R T M A C Q U A R IE

Baxter, A ndrew , “Y esaba”Betts & Pan ton C ahuac, H . St. John (314)G eary W illiam H enry (309)H all, H enry (225)H ebden, G eorge, “ K lybucca”H enderson, Jam esInnes, A rch ibald C lunes (108)Kem p, W illiam , “B ooning ii”M acleod. M agnus, “D ond ingalong”

D IS T R IC T (N o. 1)

M oncrieff, G . F.M udie, R obert N ew ton, A lexander Oakes, H enry R ichard , “Seven

O aks”Peacock, John J.Phillips, W illiamSm ith, W illiam (116), “W arw ick” Steel, C harles (230)W att, A nn A ngus (285)

N EW E N G L A N D D IS T R IC T (N o. 2)

A llm an, Jo h n and F ra n k (251), “Y arro w itch ”

Bennett & G arden Bloxsome, Oswald, “ R anger's

V alley”Borthwick, W m. A., “A uburn

V ale”Boyd, A rch ibald , “ Boyd's P la ins” ,

etc.B oughton, J. H . (320), “ O h io ”Browne, H . H . “U p p e r T ia ”B uchanan, C. H ., “ R im b an d a” B laxland, G regory , “N y m b o id a” C am eron, John , “A b ing ton”C am pbell & M uir C ory, Jo h n J. (295)Coxen, S tephen (250)D angar, H en ry (76), “ G ostw yck,”

etc.D obie, JohnD ay, E dw ard D enny, “A b e rfo il”Dow, John “Ing leba”D um aresq, E liz. S. (84), “Sau-

m arez”D um aresq, W. J. (83), “T ilb u ste r” E verett, G eo. and John , “ O llera” E verett & H alhed , “W andsw orth” Foster, W illiam , “ G eerg o ran ”F orbes, S ir F rancis, “Y arrow ick” G aggin, Jo h n (355)G am m ie. G eorge H ickey, E dw inH odgson, A rthur, “Y arrow itch

W est”

L IV E R PO O L PL A IN S

A nderson, A lexander A rndell, Jam es (95)Baldwin, O tto, and H arvest (65).

“ D in iw arin d i” . etc.B arker, S tephen Bell, A rch ib ald (215)Bell, W . Sims, “ K eep it”Bettington, J. B. (132), “ B ooradill".

etc.B iddulph, Edw ardBlaxland. John (187). “ K ickerbell "

19

H um phreys, W illiam Innes, A rch ibald C lunes (108),

“W aterlo o ”Kelso & R obertson M cLeod, C olin “ G len C o lin ” M cLeod, A lexander (264), “ Branga

P a rk ”M cK enzie & R obertson M cIntyre, D onald , “G y ra ”, etc. M cLean, Jo h n (351), “ Bergenop-

Z oom ”M cK enzie, R. M. (226)M cN ab, P a trick “T ia ra ”M aister, A. J. (259), “ K entucky” M ann, S. F . (352)N ow land, H enry , “G u y Faw kes” O ’C onnell, S ir M aurice, “ G a ra ” ,

etc.Peterson, A lexander P latt, F . M.Rust, G eorgeR ichards, H enry W m., “W inter-

b o u rn e”R usden, T . G ., “E u ro p am b ela” Sem pill, H am ilton C ollins (7),

“W alcha”Scott. D. C. F .Stephen, W ard, “ R unnym ede” V ivers, W illiam , “K in g ’s P la ins” W indeyer, C harles, “D eep W ater” W yndham , G eorge, “ B ukkula” .

etc.

D IS T R IC T (N o. 3)

Bowm an, G eorge (170), “T erry- h ie-h ie” , etc.

Boydell. C harles Briggs, H enryBrodie, Peter, “Sw am p O ak C reek ” Browne. John (156), “ Pullam ing” .

etc.Brown, Joseph (25)Bryan, M ichaelB utton, John , “C u b b a ro o ”, etc. C am pbell, John , “W algett” , etc. (?)

LIVERPOOL PLAINS DISTRICT (No. !) (continued)

C raw ford , R obert C hilcott, Jam es C larke & R ankin C lift, Sam uel (30), “D o o n a" C obcroft, Jo h n (48), “ M enedebri” ,

etc.C obcroft, John , jun r., “W athagar",

etc.C obb, John (321)Coxen, S tephen (250)Cox, E dw ard (143), “N am oi H u t” Cox, G eorge (142), “ N om eby” Cox, W illiam (134)Cox, W illiam , jun r., “ B u rin d i” D avis, Jo h n M. (99)D aw son, W illiamD aw son, H enryD ickson, F rancisD ight, H a n n a r (20?), “C arro ll"Doyle, C yrus M. (18), “W illglow ”Dow , JohnD ru itt, G eorge (62), “T u rraw a” D rake, W illiam Duff, Peter (151)Bales, John , “W alhollow ”, etc.

(five others)E arl, Jo h n (15)E ather, T hom as (69), “ M uggarie” E aton , D aniel, “ B innigy”E ckford , Jo h n (150), “ B u rran ”, etc. Evans, Jam es, “ D an d ry ”, etc. Fitzgerald , R o b ert (164), “Y ara-

m an ”, etc. (five o thers) Fitzsim m ons, C harles, “ B ugaldi” ,

etc.Flem ing, Joseph (49), “ M un-

dow ey”Forbes, S ir F rancis Foot, F . G.H all, G eorge, junr., “C u erin d i” ,

etc.H arper, K. H.H ayden, T hom as H ector, John H eenan, R oger H enderson, Jam es H obden, R ichard (294)H oskinson, John (117), “ B a rrab a” .

etc.H ow e, John , “C a rro ll”H ow e & D ight H ughes & H osking Jacklin . Joseph (365)Jam ison, S ir John (265), “ Baan

B aa”Johnstone, John (107)Jones, R ichard Lang, A ndrew , “ B reeza”L am ack , John (308), “Tulcum -

bah ” , etc.

Lawson, W illiam (231), “ M o h en i” L ethbridge, R obt. (161)Lowe, A. B.M ann, Sam uel F u rneaux (352) M arshall, J.M ayne, R obertM cD onald, Jo h n (233), “G orria -

g illa”, etc.M cD ougald, Jas. T ay lo r (105) M cG urchie, R obert M cIntyre, Peter (158)M cKenzie, D avid M iller, L. & W. (296)N ewton, W illiam (53)N ow land, W illiam , “13oonangar” Ogilvie, W illiam (235) “C u lp a”,

etc.Pagan, John H.Parnell, T hom as (67), “ B urrell",

etc.Pike, JohnPringle, R obert (5), “ Rocky

C reek” , etc. (fo u r others)Purcell, C harles (26), “ G irriw illie ” ,

etc.R oberts, R obt., “W illab illa” R obertson, Jam es (354)R obertson, John , “ A rra rro w m e” Ross, G . (60?)Scott, W illiamScott, R obert and H elenus,

“C ray o n ”, etc.Scougall, R ichard (163)Sem pill, H am ilton C ollins (7) Sevill, Jam es (315)Sparke, Edw ard Sharpe, W illiam , “T h erib ry ” Single, John (122), “Sum m er H ill” ,

etc.Singleton, Benjam in (254)Sm ith, C harles (12)Sm ith, John (38)•Smith, Joseph Sum m erville, M aurice T.T hain , JohnThorley , P h illip (78), “ B andaballa” Tow n, John (70), “ M ilkengourie” T hrelkeld . Joseph T hom as T u rn er, E dw ard T vrell, G . N .U hr, E . B. (119)W alker, Jam es (181), “ B aradeen” W entw orth, W. C. (293), “B urbur-

e ate” . etc.W hite, Jam es (302't, “ B ooroom a” W iehtm an. A dam S. (44)W illiam s, R o bert (68)W isem an, John W isem an, T hom as W yndham . G eorge, “C ollyb lu”

B L IG H D IS T R IC T (N o. 4)

Bayley, N icholas P., “ M iangu llia” Blackm an, John , “ N engal”Bayley, H enry (232), “ Bald R idge” Bloodsw orth. Jam esB ennett, R obt. (337), “B erabong” , Booth, Jam es R ichard

etc. Brown, A ndrew (338), “C u igan”Blackm an, W m., “ B u lo ro ra” , etc. etc. (seven others)

20

Busby, A lexander C am pbell, C. J. & D. (23)Cox, H en ry (142)Cox, E dw ard (143), “ U lam an b ri” ,

etc.C unningham , R. C.Duffy, T hom asD ulhunty , R. V. (280), “ D u b b o ”,

etc.H ale, Jam es (128), “T araw in d a” H allen. E dw ard (127)H all, Jo h n Edw ard H ayes, W illiam H eenan, R oger H unter, T hom as Jones, Jo h n (81)Jude , Jo h n (98), “ A rm itree”, etc. K ing, R ichardLaw son, N elson (222), “ B undy”,

etc.Lawson, W m. (231), “ B inn ia”, etc.

(n ine o thers)Lawson, W m ., junr. (166), “G illa-

w am ah ”Lowe, J. W. & M ajo r (291),

“ W arree” , etc.Lowe. Sarah

B U G H DISTRICT

M artin , R obt., junr. (39), “ U ra- b u llah ”, etc.

M ontefiore, J. B. (268)M ontefiore & M ocatto M orris, Jam es (50), “ B ullodaran” N eville, Jo h n (114), “ M ickey-

gum agal”Park , E dw in (366)Pearce, J. C . (66)Pearce, T hom as Perrie , T hom as Perry , Jam es Price, H enryR aym ond, W m. O ’D ell, “ M urram -

b idgere” , etc.Rouse, G . & J. R ., “ U nglem al”

(five others)R ouse, R ich ard (94), “ M u n d o ran ” ,

etc. (eight others)Spicer, T hom as, “K id g a r” , etc.Steele, JohnT ailby , G eorgeT indale, G eorgeT indale. JohnT uree , J. J. (estate of)W alker, Jam es (181), “ B iam bil” .

etc. (six others)

(No. 4) (continued)

W E L L IN G T O N D IS T R IC T (N o. 5)

A rkell, T hom as (199), “ Drow - ba lg ie”

A tkinson, Jam es Betts, Jo h nB lackm an, Sam uel (139)B ooth, Jam es R ichardB oulton Bros., “ C ard ing ton”, etc.B ourke, Jam esBowler, John , “ M eadow s’ ’Bowm an, Jam esB onnor, R o bert (160)Bray, Jam es (228)C am pbell, A rchd. (72), “ B urraba-

deen” , etc.C am pbell, G . D. & D. (71) C heesem an, Jam es C lem ents, Isaac (221), “ M ogong’’ C o ck b u m , John C ollits, P ierce (111)C orse, John , “ G rad ell”C oulson & F inley C um m ings, W illiam , “ G rudgery” D arg in , John , “ M ungaree”D aw es, W illiam D ow ley, Joseph Fendrahan , Jam es F inch, C harles W ray F u lto n , Rev. H enry (55)G iles, T hom as G lasson, John H an d rah an , D ennis H ay, P., “ D ooran"’H iggins, T hom as H o g arth & H ollingw orth Tcely, T hos., & Co. (219). “ Ban-

g a ro o ” . etc.Ireland. John . “O bella"

Jam ieson, T hom asK err, A ndrew (133), fo r Mrs.

Betts. “ M olong”, etc.K inchela, John , junr.K in g h o m e & C am pbellK ite, T hom as (73), “K an g aro o b ie”,Lam bert, R obertLane, W illiam , “ K y arg a th u r”, etc. Lane, R ichard Lang & T rap p itLawson, W m., junr. (166), “ D avy’s

P la ins” , etc.Lee, W illiam (10)Liscom be, John L ivingstone, A ndrew (227)Lord, S im eon, “ B arraw ong” M ackie, R oderick M acgill, JohnM axwell, John (287), “N a rro o g a l” M cPhillany Jam es M itchell, Jam es M ontefiore, J. B. (268)M orris, T hom as, “ B low clear" M oulder, Jam es, junr.Neville, John (223)N icholson, John Oakes. G eorge Park , Edw in (366)Pye, T hom as (333), “Y eugoora” Raine. T hom as (121)Ram say. D avid (193). “Bulderod-

gera”, etc.R anken, G eorge, “ B ugabagil” R aym ond, W m. O ’Dell, “L ittle

R iver”R ooke & Perk Shepherd. Isaac

21

Shepherd, W illiam (?)Sm ith, A. B.Sm ith, Jam es, “ N o v ary ”Sm ith, R o bert (263), “ B aker’s

Sw am p”, etc.Stonestreet, Levi Street. Jo h n (75)Sullivan, Patrick , “W illie"Suttor, W. H .T ellem ach, G eorge (169)T erry , John

W ELLINGTON

Thom , W illiam (80), “B o ran b ill” T u rn er & D uke (339), “W illan d ra”

(?)W alsh, M ichl. (345), “ R aradon-

d a rry ”W all, S. W. (22)W alker, Jam es (181)W ebster & Saunders W halan, Jam es W ills & F orreste r

DISTRICT (No. 5)

LA C H LA N D IS T R IC T (N o. 6)

A rkell, T hom as (199)B alfour, John . “Is lan d ”B arber, Sam uel, “ B ogolaro" Besnard, N . R. (310)Best, T hom as Blackm an, Sam uel (139)Bolter, W illiam B onner, R o bert (160)Bowley, E dw ard Bray, T hom as, “ N a rra b a ” B roadribb, W illiam A dam s B roughton, W. H . “ B urroow a” (?) Buckley, John Byrne. Joseph C artw righ t, John Castle, H enry (103)C hisholm , Jas. (194), “ Gegula-

long” , etc.C lem ents, Isaac (221)C oal, John C ollits, P ierce (111)C ollits, Joseph (329), “T ow yel” C onnor, Jam es (245)C orcoran . R oger (58)C onway, M atthew , “ B ungalal” C ullinan , W illiam . “C olg illan” C row , Jam es, “G o b u rra lo n g ” D allas. John (188), “ G ogeld ric” .

etc.D alton, John D anvers, W illiam Devlin, Jam es (135)D ugan, R ichard Edgew orth, Patrick Evernden, M rs. M. J.F in lay & Colson F itzp a trick , Jam es, “C ucum la” F itzgerald , John (244), “ M ylo ra” F u lto n , Rev. H en ry (55). “C oura

R ocks”G ibson , Andrew Glass, W illiamG ran t, John (224), “ M erriganoury” G reen, E. B.H adley. T hom as, “T in p o t Alley" H am bridge, G eorge H anly , AnnH andrahan . Jam es. “Long F la ts” H arris , John (145). “K olangan” .

etc.H arrison , B. C.H asling ton & M cG aa (63)H ope. A braham . “ B um baldry"

Howe, E phraimHovell, W m. H., “B ellingeram bil” H um e, H am ilton H urley & Fennell Icely, Thos.. & Co. (219), “ Ben-

geralb ijong”Jenkins, John , “T o o y al”Johnstone, Joseph Keane, D ennisKiley, P atrick (367), “B enangaroo” K ite, T hom as (73), “W ard ry ”, etc. K inghorne. A lexander Lee, W illiam (10), “C ondoub lin" Lockyer, E dm und (32)M acarthur, Jas. & W m. (252?),

“N angus”M alay, Patrick , “A rram agong" M arkham , Edm und M arks, W illiam M artin , A lexander M atcham , C. H . N.M urray, D arby (350), “ D under-

a lligo”Myles, John (240)N ash, Joseph Neville, John (223)N ewton, Joseph (191)Oakes. G eorgeO ’Brien, C ornelius, “C o p p erb ella” O ’Brien, E dw ard, “G u n d ag ai” O ’Brien, H enry , 257), “ G ran g le” ,

etc.Owen, H enry D. (297)O 'Sullivan, John , “ B reakfast

C reek”Papps, John S.R edfern, D r., E state of R oberts. Jam es (204?), “C urra-

w ang”, etc.Rossi. F. N. (3) and (2)Rowley, Edw ard Russell. BridgetRyan, E dw ard (52), “G a lo n g ” , etc. Savage, G. T.Shepherd. Isaac vStewart, W m. (218)Sm ith, Jam es Street, John (75)Swift, W illiam Taaffe, F rancis, “ M uttam e” TTiompson. C harles (42). “E unon-

yaru n y a”Thom pson & A rm ytagc

22

LACHLAN DISTRICT (No. 6) (continued)

Viles & Passm oreW att, W. R., “W alla W alla”W ard. Ph illip , “C unningham

C reek”W elm an, J. C., “ B arw ang” W entw orth , G eorge, “C udgelong”

M U R R U M B ID G E E

A llan, Jo h n M.A nderson, M atthew (173)B arber, G eorge (124)B arber, G eorge, junr.Best, W ilUam. “W a p a W agga" B lanchard , Ju lian C.Booth, Jam es Bowm an, W illiam Bray, Jo h n (155), “ B erry Je rry " B roadribb , W illiam A dam s Broughton, J. A., “ M undon-

gudgee”Bowler, Sam uel (356)Bradley, W m. (279), “ B ullana-

m ong”Brown, R obert, “C o lland im a” B uckland, John , “B illabong”Byrne, M ichael (138?)C addell & C am pbell C am pbell, A ngus C am pbell, C harles (23)C am pbell, R o b ert (24)C arberry , N icholas (179)C am e, TThomas, “ C oonargo”, etc. C halm ers & H ayC hapm an, W illiam , “ B urrobogee” ,

etc.C hipp indale, T hom as (195),

“ N aas”C hisholm , Jam es (194)C larke, W illiam C layton, B enjam in (185)C ockburn , W illiam R.C ook & Sterling C ook & Strachan C ow per, C tiarles (360)C ropper, John C urren . M artin D avis, G eorge (299)D ight, Jo h n (20), “ B ungow annah” D ocker, Joseph (190)D ow ney, R obert, “G ilm ore C reek” E bden, C. H.E llio tt, JohnF a ith fu ll, W m . & G eorge (331) Fergusson, Benjam in T.F le tcher, R ichard Fow ler. C harles G rey, G eorge G roves, G eorgeG uise, W illiam , “E le lew ar” . etc. G uise. R ichardH all, H enry (317), “ M ullion” . etc. H arp er, J.H asling ton , E. H ., & A. M cG aa

(63)H erb ert. W m. (1% ), “ O rare ll” H indm arch , W illiam Scott H illas & M cPherson (159?)

W hite, Jam es (205), “ B unangong” W hite, R obert, “W oow ingeragong” W illiam s, T hom as (79), “Boga-

long”W oore, T hom as

D IS T R IC T (N o. 7)

H ore , Jo h n (93), “W agra” etc. H osk ing , Jo h n (140)How ell, Jo h n Jam es H ow e, T hom as, “G unnong

Jag raw ah ”H ow e, W illiam , “Long P o in t” H uon. A m ey “ G erogery”H uon, P au l & C harles (202) H utchinson, W illiam (271)Jenkins, R. P. (183), “B angus”, etc. Jobb ins, Jo h n (102)Johnstone, R o bert (113)Jones, F rederick Kelly, P a trick (243)K ennedy, John K err, Jam es K ing, Ph ilip G idley L a r& am , M ary Lawless, F rancisLeahy, John T hos. (33), "K illim i-

ca t”Liggins, John Lockyer. Edm und (32)Luff, W illiam L upton, M ary M anning, Jam es F. (217)M atchem , C. U. N. (349) M cA rthur, H . H . (167)M cC arthy, C harles M cCorm ick, John M cD erm ott, D ixon & Co. (357) M cD onald , G eorge (261), “Adgin-

b illy”M cK ay, G eorge Edw ard M cLeod, D onaldM cLeay, G eorge (307), “P u llito p ”,

etc.M cPherson, JohnM cQ uoid, T hom as (149). “Fresh-

fo rd ”M ichel, C hirnside & Pawes M itchell, T hos., “ M un g ab b arin a” ,

etc.M itten, JohnM oore, John , “ C oublondonga” M orrice, John (50). “ B uckhar-

gringle” , etc.M urdock, Jam es M urray , T . A.O ’Brien, C ornelius, “C otw ay” O sbourne, Jam esO sbourne, H . & A. (289), “W aga-

rab ab ilv ” , etc.Pardy, John Passm ore. R. D.Pearce, M atthew (180). “H ow long” Peters, John (238), “ G um ly

G um lv” . etc.P ierce. P h ilip Q.

23

M U RRU M BID GEE DISTRICT (No. 7 (continued)

Prince, Ph ilip Purtle, John R attigan , P e ter R attary , T hom as R eddall, Luke W illiam R edfern, A nn Reid, D avid (129)R itchie, Jam es (364)R oberts, Jam es & Joseph (204) Rudd, Jam es (64), “W ogangobi-

ram b y ”R ussell, Bridget Shanahan, T . (203)Sharpe & Brown, “ G reen H ills”

(?)Shelly, W illiam (91), “ B um bow lee” Shelly, W m. (91) & G eorge,

“T u m u t P la ins”Small, T hom as (147)Sm ith, Jam es Sm ith, Jo h n (38)Stuckey. H enry . “T u m blong” Stuckey, P e ter (92), “W illie

P lu m ah ” , etc.

M A N E R O O

A ntill, H enry C olden, “T indreys” Badgery, A ndrew Badgery, Jam es (313)Badgery, H enry , “ M cleay’s F la t” ,

etc.Badgery W illiamB arrett, W illiam (275), “ B ollera”Bayliss, E . W. (256)Beard, T im o th y (110), “Iron

M ungy” , etc.Bennett, H . & G . (258)Bloomfield, Thos. V., “C oollam a-

to n g ”Booth, Jam es R ichard Boyne, Owen (35)B radley, W illiam (279), “C oom a” ,

etc. (four others)Brooks, H . & R. (177), “ Jinda-

b in e” , etc.Buckley, E dm ond (61)Buckley, H enry Burke, John B arker, T hom as (89)C am pbell, C harles (23)C am pbell, R o bert (24), “D eliga te” ,

etc.C am pbell, R onald (359). “Bom-

b a lo ”C ooper, F ran c is (335)C ooper, R o bert (249)C rooks, G eorge C urlew is, G eorge C. (322) Curlew is, W. & S. L.C ottington, Jam es C oghill, John “ Jin d en ” (?) C owper, H enry C ow per. T hom as (248)C rispe, Amos, junr., “ Jim en B uen” C unningham , Edw ard C urtis. John C urtoys & Forbes

S turt, E . P. S.Swift, W illiamSupple, Patrick , “G ru b b in ”T aylor, Sam uel, “T arm as”T erry , Jo h n “C o rrad igby”T herry , Rev. J. J. (157), “ Billa-

bong”T hom , Jam es (171)T hom , H um phrey T hom pson & A rm itage (42?) T oo th , John . “T a rra b an d ra ” , etc. T ucker, Jam es W aite, John (118)W alton, H . C.W arby, Benjam inW est, F ran k , “ B una-buck-buck”W eston. E dw ard (332)W illiam s, John W ills, H o ra tio S. (290)W ilkinson, John , “Y ellow in” W olls, Jo h n Egan W right, Jam es, “C uppacum ba-

long”

D IS T R IC T (N o. 8)

Dawes, W illiam D riscoll, D aniel, “ U cum bean” D rum m ond, D avid D utton & K irsop D utton, W. H . & T . (316) Ecclestone, John , “D o o d le” E lrington. W illiam Sandys F linn, M aryPutter, R obt., E state o f (266) G arnock , G eorge, “ M ount P lea

san t”G ore, Joseph H ickey G ore, T hom as G reen, Jo h n (300)H all, E dw ard Sm ith H all, H en ry (317)H am ilton , T . A.H arnett, L aurence (301),, “ Rose-

b ro o k ”H awdon, John , “ B oat A lley” H ibburd , W illiam . “ B ibb in luke” .

etc.H osking & B esnard (140?), “ G len-

bog”H ughes, Jam es (34)H ughes, Jo h n T erry H yland, T hom as (152)Tmley, Peter, “C obargo” , etc. Irving, John Jones, E dw ard

Jones, T hom as (334), “Ju tta b a h ” K ennedy, T im othy K enyon, Joseph, junr. (153)King, John

K inghorne, A lexander (16) K irw an. Jam es (328), “ C oom a” .

etc.K lensendorlfe. W illiam (283) L am bie, John Lawley, M aurice Lawson. C harles. “ C ra ig ie” , etc.

24

Liscom be, T hom as L ivingstone, Jolin L ord , E dw ard Lowe, R. & W. (291)Lucas, C harles M aclie, G eorge, “ P u rra ”M alady, Paddy, “ Peak S ta tion" M anning, J. E. (217)M ather, A lexander M ayne, F red erick (234?)M cA lister, L achlan M cCaffrey, John M cEvoy, Jam es, “W oolind ibby" M cFarlane, Jam es (165)M cG uigan, E. & J., “ Boloka

C reek”M cK enzie, J. R. (220)M cL aughlin, John M cLean, John M cPherson, John M itchell. W alter (208)M oore, T hom as M., “ B u rn im a”M oore, R o bert (340)M oore, J. J., “N u m are lla”M oore, A lexander M orris, W. T . (278)Mosesj A lexander (47)N eale, John (4)N icholson , John , “ L ittle P la in ” ,

etc.N o rris, J. (330)N ow land, — . (214)O ’H are , N ancy (304). “N im ity

Bell” (?)O ’R iden, D avid P.Oldrey, W illiam Palm er, G eorge T hom as Palm er, John P arker, W illiam Jam es Pendergrast, John (37), “H o m eo ” ,

etc.Peppard , W alter Pethie, JohnPeters, Joseph, “ B ungarby”Reid, D avid (129)Rees. D avid (267)

MANEROO DISTRICT

R obinson , JohnR obinson, T hom as L., "H ugan-

d ree”Rossi, F . N. (2), “ M icilago” R ourke, Jam es R ourke, T hom as R yan, M ichael & John (311)Ryan, W illiamR yrie. Stew art (130), “J in d ab in e” ,

etc.Scott, W illiam , “N im ity Bell”Sester, W illiamSim pson, G eorge, “ D elegate”Sim s, A lfred (198)Stew art & Co.Stevenson, John Stuckey, T hom asStyles, Jam es R ichard (326),

“B ob u n d ra”T arling ton , W m. D. (45), “N a r ira ” ,

etc.T hatcher, Jam es T herry , Rev. J. J. (157)T hom pson . J. J. (82)T hom son & C unningham (172) T hrosby , C harles (327). “ M aha-

ra tta ” , etc.T indale, D anielT ingcom be, H en ry & G eorge (31) T oby , T hom as W hitty V ainey, Joseph S.W allace, W illiamW aite, Jo h n (118). “W arren ’s

C o rn er”W ard, T hom as W arren . G ilb e rt (273)W haley, John W ilkinson, J. R hodes W ilkinson, John , “H ead of C urry

F la t”W ilm ote. T hom as (106)W ilson, T . B.W right, C harles, “ B obundra” W ylde, C harles M acquarie Y ork . C harles.

(No. 8) (continued)

In a despatch of 4 May, 1842, we read, with reference to the

advance of pastoral settlement northerly :—

I have a t various tim es reported , and p a rticu la rly in m y despatch of F eb ru a ry 1, 1841, th a t sheep and cattle sta tions have been form ed in th e d istricts beh ind and beyond M ore ton Bay. I have.now to report th a t the num ber of these squatting sta tions is ab o u t forty-five, but th a t none has been allowed to be form ed w ith in fifty m iles of the tow n of B risbane.

During the early ’forties of last century the colony of New

South W ales was practically in a state of insolvency, as graphically

described by Gipps in his despatch of 19 August, 1843. He

w ro te :—

T h e p rin c ip a l featu res w hich distinguish the present state of New South W ales are, firstly, th e extent to w hich insolvency has occurred am ongst all classes o f th e com m unity, even am ongst m en w ho w ere, a short tim e ago, considered in w ealthy circum stances: and. secondly,

25

the g reat fa ll w hich has taken place in the p rice of every article of co lon ia l produce, and even also o f articles im ported in to th e colony . . . W ages a re falling, and persons w ho have no th ing bu t co lon ia l p ro p erty (sheep, cattle, horses, o r land) w herew ith to m eet pecun iary engage m ents, a re d riven in crowds to th e Insolvent C ourt. R eal p ro p erty is scarcely saleable a t any price, w hilst chattel p roperty , including sheep and horned cattle , m ay be generally said to have fallen to one-half, or even one-th ird o f th e price it bore in 1840 . . . T w o new processes have late ly been carried on in the colony, w ith th e view of increasing o u r exports. T h e first is the salting of beef, the second th a t of boiling dow n sheep fo r th e ir tallow . T h e la tte r especially is being carried on in th e n e ighbourhood of Sydney to a considerable extent, several e stablishm ents having been fitted up w ith cauldrons capable of boiling th ree hundred sheep at a tim e.

The various Land Acts of that period would appear to have

been limited to brief intervals of time, in order to adm it of

measures being enacted, or amended, to meet the requirements of

expanding settlement, as is implied by the Governor in his despatch

of 3 April, 1844. H e further stated :—

Beyond the boundaries, the country never having been surveyed, th ere is no d iv ision , e ith e r real o r pretended, in to allo tm ents or sections o r square m iles. T h e q u an tity of land, therefo re , occupied by any squatter, un d er the denom ination of a sta tion o r ru n is a ltogether indefinite; and the price o f a licence is equally flO fo r everybody, w hatever m ay be the extent of h is run or the nu m b er of sheep or cattle depastured on it. Parties orig inally , in tak ing up th e ir runs, w ere lim ited on ly by th e ir own m odera tion , o r by the pressure of o th er squa tte rs on them , and it w as the pressure of one sq u a tte r on an o th e r th a t th e disagreem ents w hich arose therefrom , added to contests w ith the aborig ines, w hich led, in the y ear 1837, to the first appo in tm en t o f C row n Lands C om m issioners . . . T he extent of coun try occupied by squatters is d iv ided in to fifteen districts, and. according to th e latest re tu rns, the popu lation and stock are as fo llow s :—■

P opu la tion , 9,885; horses, 15,052; horned cattle, 573,114; sheep,

3,023,408.

. . . T h is w ide extent of coun try occupied by squatters has been overru n in the course of ab o u t fou rteen o r fifteen years . . . T he occupiers o f th is vast w ilderness, n o t having a p ro p erty o f any sort in th e soil they occupy, have no inducem ent to m ake perm anent im provem ents on it. Some land, indeed, has been b rough t in to cu ltivation in o rd e r to d im in ish the very heavy expense o f ob tain ing supplies fro m th e settled parts of the colony, and here and th ere a bu ild ing has been erected w hich m ay serve the nam e of a cottage; bu t th e squatters in general live in huts m ade of the b a rk of trees, and a garden, a t least any th ing w orthy of the nam e, is a m ark of c iv ilisation ra re ly to be seen.

In order to adjust the unequal incidence, referred to above,

of the £10 depasturing licence for everyone, irrespective of the

num ber of stock depastured on Crown lands, the regulations in

force were amended in accordance with the following public

announcem ent of 2 April, 1844 :—

W ith reference to the regu lations of M ay 21, 1839, and Septem ber 14, 1840, re la tive to the occupation of C row n lands beyond the boundaries of location , his Excellency the G overnor, in consequence of the p ractice w hich has grow n up of parties occupying several d istinct sta tions un d er one licence, has been pleased, w ith the advice o f the E xecutive C ouncil, to d irec t th a t parties occupying sta tions in separate d istricts, no tw ithstand ing th a t the sam e m ay be contiguous, shall be requ ired , in fu ture, to tak e out a separate licence fo r each

"

such d istric t, and to pay the established fee of £10 fo r the sam e, and th a t no person shall in fu tu re be allow ed to tak e up a new station, e ith e r in the sam e distric t in w hich his stock m ay be depastu red , o r in any o th er w ithou t having first ob tained a separate licence fo r the sam e, un d er th e recom m endation of the C om m issioner, and paid the fee o f £10 thereon . . .

H ere follow injunctions with reference to date of commencement

of the amended regulations, the limits of area constituting a run

or station, and the estimated carrying capacity of each. With

regard to the last, it is stated that “no one licence will cover a

station capable of depasturing more than 4,000 sheep or 500 head

of cattle” .

27