DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT DISTRICT-KODERMA...

DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT

DISTRICT-KODERMA

JHARKHAND

(SAND)

DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT OF KODERMA DISTRICT, JHARKHAND STATE

PREFACE

In Compliance to the Notification Issued by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and

Climate change Dated 15.01.2016, the preparation of District survey report of River bed

mining in accordance with appendix no. 10 of the notification. It is also mentioned here

that the procedure of preparation of District Survey Report is as per notification

guidelines. Every efforts have been made to cover sand mining locations, areas &

overview of Mining activity in the district with all it's relevant features pertaining to

Geology & mineral wealth in areas of rivers, stream and other sand sources. This report

consists of available mineral resources, geographical set up, environmental and ecological

set up of the District and is based on data of various departments , published reports , and

websites. The data may vary due to flood, heavy rains and other natural calamities.

Therefore, it is recommended that Sub Divisional Level Committee may take into

consideration all its relevant aspects / data while scrutinizing and recommending the

application for EC to the concerned Authority.


DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT OF KODERMA DISTRICT

As per Gazette notification of 15th January 2016 of Ministry of Environment, Forest and

Climate Change a Survey shall be carried out by the District Environment Impact

Assessment Authority (DEIAA) with assistance of irrigation department, Drainage

department, Forest department, Mining department and Revenue department in the district

for preparation of District Survey Report as per the sustainable Sand mining guidelines to

ensure identification of areas of aggradations or deposition where mining can be allowed;

and identification of areas of erosion and proximity to infrastructural structures and

installations where mining should be prohibited and calculation of annual rate of

replenishment and allowing time for replenishment after mining in that area.

Every efforts have been made to cover sand mining locations, areas & overview of Mining

activity in the district with all it's relevant features pertaining to Geology & mineral

wealth in replenish-able and non-replenish-able areas of rivers, stream and other sand

sources. The mineral potential is calculated based on field investigation & geology of the

catchment area of the river or streams. Also as per the site conditions and locations, depth

of minable mineral is defined. The area for removal of the mineral in a river or stream is

decided depending on geo-morphology & other factors, it can be 50% to 60% of the area

of a particular river or stream. Other constituents like clay and silt are excluded as waste

while calculating the mineral potential of particular river or stream. This District Survey

Report shall form the basis for application for environment clearance, preparation of

reports and appraisal of projects. The report shall be updated once every five years.


CONTENTS

Sl.No Details Page No.

1.0 INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 Location, extent and accessibility 1

1.2 Administrative division and Population 2

1.3 Land Use Pattern, Agriculture, Cropping Pattern 3

2.0 Climate and Rainfall 4

2.1 Rainfall 5

3.0 Physiography 6

3.1 Physiography 6

3.2 Soil 7

3.3 Drainage 7

4.0 Geology 9

4.1 Geological Succession 9

4.2 Ground Water Condition 11

4.3 Hydrogeology 12

4.4 Depth to Water Level 14

5.0 Silent Features of Important Rivers and Stream 17

5.1 Process of Deposition of Sand in the River 18

5.2 Drainage System with description of main Rivers 21

6.0 Overview of Mining Activities 22

6.1 Production & Royalty 22

6.2 Details of Royalty or Revenue received from Settled Balu ghats in last three

years

23

6.3 Details of Royalty or Revenue received from Un- Settled Balu ghats in last

three years

23

6.4 Detail of Production of Sand from Settled Balu ghats in last three years in

district

23

6.5 List of Settled Balu ghats in the District, Location area and Period of

Validity, Production and Royalty

24

6.6 List of Settled Balu ghats in the District, Location, Name of River/Nala,

Area and Potential reserve

25

7.0 Exploration of Potential Sand Deposits 26

7.1 Unsettled Balu ghats of the District 26

7.2 Method for Calculation of Reserves 27

7.3 List of Un-settled Balu ghats in the District Koderma 29

7.4 List of Un-settled Balu ghats in the District, Location, Name of River/Nala,

Area and Potential reserve

29

7.5 Total Potential Sand Deposits of the District 30

7.6 Annual Deposition of Sand /Sediments in Catchment area in Koderma

District

31

7.7 Economic Impact of Mining 31

General Recommendations 32


ANNEXURES DETAILS ANNEXURE

NO.

Jharkhand State Sand Mining Policy 2017 I

List of River wise details of Potential Balu ghats in the district II

Field Photographs III


CHAPTER-01

1.0 INTRODUCTION

Koderma district spreads over an area of 1500 Sq.Km. It is the gateway district of

Jharkhand. Koderma is known as Mica Capital of India. The Koderma district was carved

out from Hazaribagh in April 1994. Koderma district lies in the northern part of the

Jharkhand state and is bounded by the longitude 85°’26’01” and 85°’54’16” E and

latitudes 24°’15’46” and 24°’40’18” N.Area is included in degree sheet 72H and survey of

India toposheets (1:50,000 scale) no. 72H/6,7,10,11,13,14,15,16.The district has a total

area of 1500 sq. km. consisting of six blocks, (Chandwara, Koderma, Jainagar,

Domchanch, Markacho and Satgawan) 80 panchayats and 706 villages. It has a population

of 7,16, 259 persons as per 2011 census.

1.1 LOCATION, EXTENT AND ACCESIBILITY

Nawada district of Bihar lies in

north, Gaya district of Bihar in

west, Giridih district of

Jharkhand in East and

Hazaribagh district of Jharkhand

in south bound the district.

Koderma town is situated at 155

Km north of Ranchi on NH-31

and is well connected by Rail.

Koderma Railway station is on

grand chord railway line

connecting Calcutta and Delhi.

1


1.2 ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION AND POPULATION

The district has got Six administrative blocks namely Satgawan, Domchanch,Koderma,

Markacho, Jainagar and Chandwara. Chandwara block has been included recently by

merging parts of Jainagar and parts of Chauparan blocks in 2005.According to the 2011

census Koderma district has a population of 717,169,roughly equal to the nation of Bhutan

or the US state of Alaska.

This gives it a ranking of 500th in India (out of a total of 640.The district has a population

density of 427 inhabitants per square kilometer .Its population growth rate over the decade

2001-2011 was

32.59%.Koderma has a sex

ratio of 949 females for

every 1000 males, and

a literacy rate of

68.35%Out of which the

rural population is 4.12 lac

which is 82.73% of total

population. The population

density is 287

Persons/Sq.km.

2


1.3 LAND USE PATTERN,AGRICULTURE,CROPPING PATTERN

Due to lateritic condition of the soil, deficiency in the rainfall and no major rivers, the

land use pattern is different from the genetic plain. Some irrigated area takes into account

of Rabi, Kharifand oilseeds crops. But generally the area is best suited for vegetables,

medicinal plants and floriculture due to natural drainage of water. Forest area covers about

41%of the total area, Barren and Uncultivable land is 11%, Land put to non-agricultural

use is 7 %, and current fallow is 15 % and 6% area comes under land other than current

fallow. Net area sown is 13 %.

The agricultural production is mainly from pulses and corn. Total irrigated Area in

the district is 3186 ha. Irrigation is done mostly through dug wells, ponds, Bore wells,

minor irrigation and other sources. Irrigation done by dug well is 829.55 hectares.

Irrigation by minor irrigation sources is 226.27 ha. Irrigation done by Ponds in the district

are 612.39 ha.Irrigation done by bore wells in the district comes out to be 931.52 ha.Other

sources of Irrigation contributes about 586.12 ha in the district.

Hilly and more scarp areas have more land under forest, while the flatplateau areas are

used for cultivation. Paddy is the main crop, while maize, pulses and vegetables are grown

in some part of the district.

Land Use in Kodarma District (1997-98):

Sl.No Land Use Pattern Area(%)

01 Forest 42.42 %

02 Net sown area 13.56 %

03 Barren and uncultivable waste 11.36 %

04 Non agricultural use 6.82 %

05 Orchards 2.01 %

06 Pasture 1.11 %

07 Cultivable wasteland 1.52 %

08 Current and other fallow 21.20 %

Source: Fertilizer and Agriculture Statistics, Eastern Region (2003-2004)

3


CHAPTER-2

2.0 CLIMATE AND RAINFALL

The calendar year may be divided into three main seasons in the district of Koderma. The

winter season starts form November to February. The summer season is from March to

May and the rainy season is from June to October. In winter early mornings and nights are

cold. Night temperature falls down to 50C or even lower. To the contrast summer is hot

and unpleasant, the temperature rising up to 440 C. The annual average rainfall is 1126

mm. Koderma region receives more rainfall and it gradually decrease in east direction.

Having humid and sub humid tropical monsoon type of climate characterize the

climatic zone of Koderma. In normal year 40-60 mm of rain is received as pre monsoon

shower that help farmer to start land preparation. About 80% of the rain is received during

mid-June to first week of October. Further, 100 mm of rain is received during October and

November. Winter rain during December to February is very helpful for Rabi cultivation.

4


2.1 RAINFALL

The average rainfall (06 years) in the district is 871.182 mm.Monthly average rainfall of

the district is given below-

Month 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Total

Average Average Average Average Average Average Average

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Jan 42.85 0 22.63 12.86 18.73 0 16.1783

Feb 6.06 0 34.26 1.5 1.66 0 7.24667

Mar 1.76 0 18.66 13.75 4.8 0 6.495

April 12.66 8.36 0 38.06 0 0.4 9.91333

May 1.27 104.91 92.8 0.9 28.86 25.41 42.3583

June 125.03 102.33 102.63 136.51 101.03 60.66 104.698

July 245.71 66.71 477.76 302.11 247.36 393.73 288.897

Aug 159.05 262.61 399.3 239.48 323.23 0 230.612

Sep 120.36 138.9 81.63 43.56 310.9 0 115.892

Oct 15.46 195.95 13.03 0 38.1 0 43.7567

Nov 30.81 0 0 0 0 0 5.135

Dec 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Total- 761.02 879.77 1242.7 788.73 1074.67 480.2 871.182

TemperatureThe temperature of the district varies between mean minimum temperature

of 10°C in winters and mean maximum temp. of 40°C in summer. Temperature varies

between 40°c to 46°c in general.

5


CHAPTER-3

3.0 PHYSIOGRAPHY

3.1 PHYSIOGRAPHY

Most part of the district is occupied byKodarma plateau. This area has more slope, which

differentiate it from the Hazaribag plateau which lies in thesouth. The northern scarps have

steep slopes. Average elevation of the area ranges 300 to 500 meters above mean sea level.

The plateau of the district has Dharwanian rocks like quartz and schist containing Pegmatite

veins in which good quality mica is found. Southern part of the district comprised with Archean

granites and gneisses.The general slope of the district is from south to north. Koderma district

is the part of Chotanagpur plateau. The area exhibits undulating topography comprising

hills, hillocks, mounds and plains. Valley fills with low to moderate frequency of

lineaments, pediplains with moderate frequency of lineaments and pediplains are major

geomorphological units of the district. Concentrations of lineaments are more in

Chandwara, Koderma and Jainagar blocks and less in Satgawan and Markacho blocks of

the district. Northern part of the district is occupied by Koderma Reserve forest. The

highest peak is DebourGhati (677 meter) that is the state boundary of Jharkhand and

Bihar.Jainagar, Markacho blocks are covered by pediplain. Koderma block consists

monthly of directed plateau (Hills / Valley). Upper part of Chandwara block consists of

dissected plateau and lowest part by pediplain. Satgawan block is covered by pediplain in

upper parts, ridges and valley in middle parts and erosional valley in lower parts.

6


3.2 SOILS

The soils occurring in different landforms have been characterised during soil resource

mapping of the state on 1:250,000 scale (Haldar et al. 1996) and three soil orders namely

Entisols, Inceptisols and Alfisols were observed in Kodarma district.

Alfisols covers 41.4 percent of TGA followed by Inceptisols (34.6 %) and Entisols (22.9

%). The whole Koderma district is divided into the following four types of soils

depending upon lithology and physiography of the area.

1. Reddish yellow, yellow, grayish and yellow deep catenary soil.

2. Hill and forest soil of steep slopes and high-dissected regions.

3. Red yellow and light grey catenary soil

4. Pale yellow, Yellow and pinkish catenary soil on high micaceous schist.

3.3 DRAINAGE

Mainly Barakar, Sakri River and their tributaries drain the district of Koderma. The flow

of Barakar is from west to east and in the southern part of the district. The river

Ponchkhara, Keso, Akto, Gauri and Gukhana nadi flow from west to east and are the

tributaries of Barakar river. Sakri River is the main river of northern part of the district

that flows from Southea st to northwest part of the district. Ghagra and Chhotanari nadi

are the tributaries of Sakri river.

7


8


CHAPTER-4

4.0 GEOLOGY

The entire district is underlain by the rocks of wide variety of geological formation

ranging in age from Archean to Recent. The main being Archeanproterozoic, pemo-

carboniferous and recent. Phyllite, Mica Schist, Granite gneiss and intrusive granite are

the main geological formation of the district. Sporadic occurrence of Dolerite, Quartz

pegmatite veins and Quartzite are also found. Few portion of Gondwana sediments are

found in the block of Markacho and Jainagar. Thin deposits of alluvium are found along

the course of rivers. The Geological succession of Koderma district is given below.

4.1 GEOLOGICAL SUCCESSION

The district is underlain by wide range of geological formations ranging in age from

Archeans to Recent. Phyllite, Mica Schist’s, Granite gneiss and intrusive granites are the

main geological formations of the district. Sporadic occurrence of Dolerite, Quartz, quartz

pegmatite veins and quartzite are also found. Thin venner of thin alluvium are found near

the course of rivers. In koderma district most of the areas are covered by biotite-granite

gneiss, phyllite mica-schist, Intrusive granite, pegmatite veins, Amphibolite hornblende

schist, Quartzite and alluvium.InChandwara block three- fourth areas are covered by

biotite granite gneiss and one-fourth area is covered by Phyllite mica-schist and Quartzite.

In Jainagar block eighty percent area is covered by Biotie granite gneiss and twenty

percent area is covered by quartzite and phyllite mica –schist.Markacho block has forty-

five percent area covered by Phyllite mica schist, forty-five percent area by biotite granite

gneiss and ten percent by Quartzite.Inkoderma block Phyllite-mica schist and Intrusive

granite are the main rock types.InSatgawan block, central portion of the block and

adjacent to Sakri river alluvium is the main formation.

9


Southern portion of the district is covered by Intrusive granite, Phyllite –mica

schist and quartzite while the northern portion of the block has Quartzite, Amphibolite

hornblende schist and gneisses are observed.

Table : Geological succession of Koderma mica belt (Mahadevan 2002)

Age Rocktype

Recent Alluvium

Permo-carboniferous Gondwana sediments

----------------------------------------Unconformity-------------------------------------------

Dolerite dyke

Rapakavi granite and pegmatites

Proterozoic Biotiteaugen gneiss

Medium grained massive granites and pegmatites

Massive quartzite with slaty and phyllitic intercalations

Sillimanite muscovite schist ,calc silicate

rocks,hornblende schist

Quartz mica schist

Garnetiferousbiotite schist

Migmatite and composite gneisses

---------------------------------------------Unconformity-------------------------------------------

ArcheanChotanagpur granite gneisses

10


4.2 GROUND WATER CONDITION

i) ARCHEAN AND PRECAMBRIAN ROCKS

Ground water mostly occurs under water table condition in weathered residuum and semi-

confirmed condition in deeper fractures. Maximum thickness of weathered mantle is

attained in Granitic rocks in favorable topographic and drainage condition. These

formations has got yield prospect of approximately 2-20 cu.m/hr.

ii) LOWER GONDWANA ROCKS

Gondwana rocks represent semi-consolidated formations, which are moderately thick but

discontinuous. In the area where lower Gondwana sediments are exposed or underlain in

relatively shallower depth, ground water occurs under water table condition. in relatively

deeper Gondwana aquifer occurs under semi confined to confined condition. They have

yield prospect approximately 3-10 Cu m/hr.

iii) QUATERNARY

Thin deposits of quaternary sediments occur along the river and nala courses. Thickness

of these sediments vary from 2 to 10 m. Ground Water occur under unconfined

conditions.

11


4.3 HYDROGEOLOGY- CHARACTERISTIC OF WATER BEARING

FORMATION

The rock type in the area are mainly granite gneiss, schist, pegmatite and Quartzite which

have undergone intensive weathering both due to structural disturbances and physical

condition. Fractures and weathered mantle form the main repository for the movement of

ground water. Owing to the process of weathering the following subsurface section can

normally be found in the district of Koderma. Thickness as well as depth goes on varying

from one place to another.

“D” Soil cover Sandy clay and clayey sand often with Concretion.

“C” Decomposed Zone Altered massive clays commonly plastic (Weathered/pediment)

“B” Disintegrated Zone Disintegrated crystal aggregate and rock (Saprolite) fragments.

“A” Fresh Fracture Zone Fractured rock.

The above profile has been encountered in many places in the district. Near

Domchanch thickness of section “B” is very meager, however, section’C’ in this area is

found to be of considerable thickness.There is variation in porosity and permeability of

the weathered mantle in different zones. Zone’C’ has comparatively more porosity as

compared to other three zones. Thick weathered mantle maybe considered as potential and

productive aquifer. Hence, pediment & buried pediment may be proved as Ground Water

worthy area.

In places where there is thin weathered mantle ground water occurs in the fracture system.

The thin weathered mantles absorb rainfall infiltration and transmit it to deeper fracture

system.

12


Fig. 3 Hydrogeological map

(Source- Central Ground Water Board)

13


4.4 DEPTH TO WATER LEVEL

The depth from ground at which the ground water rests is called Depth to Water level.

According to the survey by Central ground water board, It is deepest during pre monsoon

and attains its maximum peak. It is shallowest during August and again stabilizes during

the month of November and this level represents post -monsoon level. Further the survey

says about Pre-Monsoon and Post- Monsoon depth to Water level as-

a) PRE-MONSOON DEPTH TO WATER LEVEL

The depth to water level varies between 3-10 mbgl. Depth to water level in Koderma

block is largely between 3-5 mbgl around Koderma, JhumriTilaiya, Chilongi and

Gajhandi area. In Domchanch, Dhab area it is between 5-10 mbgl. In Chandwara block

depth to water level becomes deeper from north to south. In northern portion the depth to

water level varies between 3-5 mbgl where as in southern portion it varies between 7-10

mbgl. The depth to water level lies between 7-10 mbgl in Markacho block. The Satgawan

block has depth to water level varying between 5-7 mbgl. The shallowest depth to water

level is reported from southern portion of Jainagar block and it varies between 3-5 mbgl.

b) POST- MONSOON DEPTH TO WATER LEVEL

In general Post-monsoon depth to water level in Koderma block varies between 2-3 mbgl

except in Gajhandi area and Southern portion of Markacho block where depth to water

level is between 3-4 mbgl. In Satgawan block and Chandwara block post-monsoon depth

to water level varies between 2-3 mbgl. In Markacho block depth to water level varies

between 2-3 mbgl except in southern part where it is between 3-4 mbgl. Jainagar block

has depth to water level between 1-2 mbgl in eastern part and 2-3 mbgl in western part of

the block.

14


Fig. 4 Pre-monsoon water level map

(Source- Central Ground Water Board)

15


(Fig-5 Post-monsoon water level map)

Source- Central Ground Water Board

16


CHAPTER-5

5.0 SALIENT FEATURES OF IMPORTANT RIVERS AND STREAMS.

RIVERS-

The Barakar River flows in the southern part of the district and supports the multi-

purpose Tilaiya Dam. Poanchkhara, Keso, Akto, Gauri, Gukhana Nadi are the main

tributaries of the Barakar in the district. The Sakri river is the main river in the northern

part of the district. Ghagra nadi, Chhotanari nadi and Tamoriya are the tributaries of

Sakri river.

The Barakar River is the main tributary of the Damodar River in eastern India.

Originating near Padma in Hazaribagh district of Jharkhand it flows for 225 kilometres

across the northern part of the Chota Nagpur Plateau, mostly in a west to east direction,

before joining the Damodar near Dishergarh in Asansol, Bardhaman district of West

Bengal. It has a catchment area of 6,159 square kilometre. Apart from the two main

tributaries some fifteen medium or small streams join it.

The huge volume of monsoon water was carried down the valley and formerly

created havoc with floods in the lower Damodar basin. Annual rainfall over the basin

varies between 765 and 1,607 millimetres with an average of 1,200 millimetres of which

80 percent occurs during the monsoon season from June to September. In order to harness

the river (along with the Damodar), the Damodar Valley Corporation (DVC) planned and

implemented independent India's first multipurpose river valley project. The first dam of

the project was constructed across the Barakar at Tilayiain Koderma district of Jharkhand.

The dam is 366 meters long and is 30.18 meters high from the river bed level. Tilaiya

hydel power station is located on the left bank of the river Barakar.

17


After the construction of the four dams at Tilayia, Konar, Maithon and Panchet by DVC,

it was observed that the rate of silt inflow into the reservoirs were much higher than what

was anticipated earlier. It threatened the longevity of the reservoirs. The catchment area of

these reservoirs spread over the undulating terrain of the Chota Nagpur plateau is

seriously affected by soil erosion. Large volumes of silt in the form of coarse and fine

sediment is removed from the area by erosion under the impact of the water flow caused

by torrential rain, which runs down the numerous stream channels during the monsoon.

Thus the problem of reservoir siltation assumed great importance in the case of DVC. In

order to prolong the life of the reservoirs, there was need for soil conservation and silt

control. DVC set up a Soil Conservation Department at Hazaribagh to tackle the twin

problems of reservoir siltation and soil deterioration in 1949.

5.1 PROCESS Of DEPOSITION OF SAND/SEDIMENTS IN THE RIVERS OF THE DISTRICT

There are some important factors which are responsible for the process of sedimentation

in a river basin. These are the stage of river development (the infant, youth, mature or old

stage), lithology and structures of the upstream region or provenance from where

sediments eroded/migrated/travelled, geomorphology and gradient of provenance,

anthropogenic activities such as mining, industrialization and mega engineering projects

such as Dam also affects the process of sedimentation and the thickness of the sequence is

determined by the depth of the stream channel during flood stage and is related to the size

ofriver itself.The deposition in a river bed is more pronounced during rainy season

although the quantum of deposition varies from stream to stream depending upon numbers

of factors such as catchment area, lithology of the area, discharge, river profile and

geomorphology of the river course. The annual deposition of sediments is almost even to

two to three meters. I t is noticed that during rainy season whole of the pit so excavated

is completely filled up by the sand.

18


19


20


5.2 DRAINAGE SYSTEM WITH DESCRIPTION OF MAIN RIVERS

Sl.

No

.

Name of the

River

Area

drained

(Sq. Km)

% Area

drained in

the

District

Total

Length in

the

District

(in km)

Place of

Origin

Altitude

at Origin

1 Tilaiya 48.65 2.997 14.24

2 Barakar River 51.92 3.199 72.85

Hazaribagh

Forest

(Padma)

420 m

3 Dhadhar River 1.04 0.064 18.29

Madhuban

(Giriak,

Nalanda)

4 Pipradah River 1.48 0.091 26.48

5 PhutahivNala 0.88 0.054 26.59

6 Rajwa River 0.11 0.007 4.53

7 ChhotnarNala 2.30 0.142 25.78

8 Sakri River 8.44 0.520 26.03 Sandohro

21


CHAPTER-06

6.0 OVERVIEW OF MINING ACTIVITIES

Sandis the basic raw material for its utilization in any development activity through out

the world. Sand is primarily produced from mining operations on the surface of the earth,

near the river beds and the sand quarrying below the surface of earth. In the earlier time

the mud houses/buildings were constructed with the use of mud . However with the

passage of time, new technique of development activities were started . As such the

demand of Minor Mineral started on an increasing trend. In order to meet the requirement

of raw material for construction, the extraction of sand carried out manually / semi-

mechanized process from the river beds . The production of aggregate area is a function of

the availability of natural resources, the size of population, the economy of the area and

various developmental and infrastructural works being undertaken in the area like road

construction, hydroelectric projects etc. Further, being a low- value, high-volume mineral

commodity, the prices are dramatically affected by transportation distances. If the distance

increases, the transportation cost may increase much more than the cost of the aggregates.

6.1 PRODUCTION AND ROYALTY

There are 20Settledbalughats in the district at different locations in different rivers of the

district where production of sand is in process adding royalty to the State Government.

The total Sand produced from different river beds of district is 0.36846 Million ton

andtotal royalty collected is about eighty five lakh rupees from settled balughat and about

four lakh rupees from those balughats which were settled but lease is not executed or

whose bandobasti is cancelled due to violations of rule.

22


6.2 DETAILS OF ROYALTY OR REVENUE RECEIVED FROM SETTLED

BALU GHATS IN LAST THREE YEARS

SL.NO

YEAR ROYALTY( IN RS.)

SAND 1 2015- 16 5658600

2 2016- 17 1877400

3 2017- 18 1004730

TOTAL 8540730

6.3 DETAILS OF ROYALTY OR REVENUE RECEIVED FROM UN- SETTLED

BALU GHATS IN LAST THREE YEARS

SL.NO

YEAR ROYALTY( IN RS.)

1 2015- 16 425500

2 2016- 17 -

3 2017- 18 -

TOTAL 425500

6.4 DETAIL OF PRODUCTION OF SAND FROM SETTLED BALU GHATS IN

LAST THREE YEARS IN DISTRICT.

SR.NO YEAR SAND (Million Ton) 1 2015- 16 -

2 2016- 17 0.24326

3 2017- 18 0.1252

TOTAL 0.36846

23


6.5 LIST OF SETTLED BALU GHATS IN THE DISTRICT, LOCATION AREA

AND PERIOD OF VALIDITY,PRODUCTION AND ROYALTY.

SR.

NO

NAME Of

RIVER

PANCHAYAT AREA

(ACRE)

PERIOD OF

VALIDITY

(Three years)

PRODUCTIO

N OF SAND

(TON)

ROYALTY

RECEIVED

(Rs)

1 AKTO KATTADIH 2.00

22-03-2016 TO 21-03-2019

- 467500

2 HARHARO DANDADIH 40.70

01-02-2016 TO 31-01-2019

39600 160800

3 BRAKAR TILOKARI 5.00

01-02-2016 TO 31-01-2019

2200 132500

4 BRAKAR KATIYA 3.45

23-06-2016 TO 22-06-2019

1200 165600

5 BRAKAR KANKARCHOLI 17.78

25-01-2016 TO 24-01-2019

52400 3608800

6 AKTO TETRAN 11.80

01-02-2016 TO 31-01-2019

18000 264800

7 KESO TAMAI 11.25

04-03-2016 TO 03-03-2019

12080 2132000

8 BRAKAR DASHARO KHURD 8.45

01-02-2016 TO 31-01-2019

20400 184800

9 KESO BARKI DHAMRAY

3.75 23-06-2016 TO

22-06-2019 20000

64000

10 GAURI KANTI 10.65

01-02-2016 TO 31-01-2019

54280 124000

11 BRAKAR JAMKATI (BIRSODIH)

7.60 08.02.2016 TO

07.02.2019 1000

62550

12 GAURI SAMLDIH 6.79

08.02.2016 TO 07.02.2019

23900 122800

13 SAKRI MARCHOI 23.32

04-03-2016 TO 03-03-2019

17800 124400

14 SAKRI TEHRO 12.14

22-03-2016 TO 21-03-2019

84400 124880

15 SAKRI KOLGARMA 4.10

24-04-2016 TO 23-04-2019

- 245600

16 HARHRO PATHALDIH 24.59

23-06-2016 TO 22-06-2019

- 192500

17 AKTO LARIYADIH 5.60

23-06-2016 TO 22-06-2019

- 60800

18 AKTO MASMOHNA 6.70

23-06-2016 TO 22-06-2019

6600 120800

19 KESO KUNDI DHANWAR

8.02 18-02-2016 TO

17-02-2019 14600

181600

20 KESO KARIYAWAN 2.32

28.08.2017 TO 27.08.2020

- 115000

24


6.6 LIST OF SETTLED BALU GHATS IN THE DISTRICT, LOCATION, NAME

OF RIVER/NALA, AREA AND POTENTIAL RESERVE.

SL. NO

LOCATION NAME OF RIVER/NA

LA

AREA ( ACRE)

LENGTH (M)

WIDTH (M)

DEPTH (M)

TOTAL (Cum)

RESERVE (TON)

RESERVE (MT)

1 KATTADIH AKTO 2 178 63 2.14 23997.96 47995.92 0.047996

2 DANDADIH HARHARO 40.7 250 45.6 3 34200 68400 0.0684

3 TILOKARI BRAKAR 5 294 69 3 60858 121716 0.121716

4 KATIYA BRAKAR 3.45 465 60 1.5 41850 83700 0.0837

5 KANKAR CHOLI

BRAKAR 17.78 850 50 2.6 110500 221000 0.221

6 TETRAN AKTO 11.8 560 139 3 233520 467040 0.46704

7 TAMAI KESO 11.25 650 120 3 234000 468000 0.468

8 DASHARO

KHURD BRAKAR 8.45 744 46 3 102672 205344 0.205344

9 BARKI

DHAMRAI KESO 3.75 196 77 3 45276 90552 0.090552

10 KANTI GAURI 10.65 403 107 3 129363 258726 0.258726

11 JAMKATI

(BIRSODIH) BRAKAR 7.6 97 41 3 11931 23862 0.023862

12 SAMLDIH GAURI 6.79 266 95 3 75810 151620 0.15162

13 MARCHOI SAKRI 23.32 817 115.5 3 283090.5 566181 0.566181

14 TEHRO SAKRI 12.14 800 60.6 2.4 116352 232704 0.232704

15 KOLGARMA SAKRI 4.1 311 53 3 49449 98898 0.098898

16 PATHALDIH HARHRO 24.59 2488 40 3 298560 597120 0.59712

17 LARIYADIH AKTO 5.6 906 25 3 67950 135900 0.1359

18 MASMOHNA AKTO 6.7 630 43 3 81270 162540 0.16254

19 KUNDI

DHANWAR KESO 8.02 532 70 3 111720 223440 0.22344

20 KARIYAWAN KESO 2.32 250 49 3 35960 73500 0.0735

TOTAL 216.01 11687 1368.7

2148329 4298239 4.298239

25


CHAPTER-7

7.0 EXPLORATION OF POTENTIAL SAND DEPOSITS

Survey of India Topo-Sheets are used as base map to know the extent of river course, the

district survey report assignments is taken in rainy season, so the approachable and

accessible areas have been physically visited. Google Earth software has helped a lot in

this survey. In order to calculate the mineral deposits in the stream beds, the mineral

constituents have been categorized as clay, silt, sand and boulder. However during present

calculation, the waste material i,e silt which vary from 10 to 20% in different streams has

also been included in the total production. The mineral reserves have been calculated only

upto 3.00 meter depth as mineable depth as per the guidelines of MoEF, although there

are some portions in the river beds such as channel bars, point bars and central islands

where the annual deposition is raising the level of river bed thus causing shifting of the

rivers towards banks resulting in to cutting of banks and at such locations, removal of this

material upto the bed level is essential to control the river flow in its central part to check

the bank cutting. While calculating the mineral potentials, the mineral deposits lying in the

sub-tributaries of that particular stream/river has not been taken into consideration. Since

these mineral deposits are actuallyadding annually to the main river, hence increasing the

mineral wealth of the river.

7.1 UNSETTLED BALUGHATS OF THE DISTRICT

The balughats which are neither settled nor sand has been excavated or mined earlier.

The possible Un-Settled balughats of the district has been identified with the help of

available data in District Mining office , the toposheets , google Earth Software and local

People.

26


Several areas in the district has been searched along the main river/ nalasto

identify, demarcate and estimate the potential Sand reserves.

Although this District Project Survey project has been taken up in rainy season, due

efforts has been taken to collect the faithful data related to the balughats. Due to

inaccessibility and non-approachability the length, width and depth of the sand deposit has

been assumed to be so at the site itself.

7.2 METHOD FOR CALCULATION OF RESERVES:

For the calculation of total reserves of sand available in the river bed, length, average

width and depth of the river bed for which the exploitation is to be carried out /allowed

under rule / prevailing instructions of the Govt. was taken into consideration. Thevolume

thus obtained is multiplied with the bulk density which has been assumed as 2. For sand

the area being a Granitic terrain. Thus reserves up to particular datum line i.e 3 meter

below the surface have been calculated.

Total reserves of Minor Minerals (Ton)= Length x Width x Height i.e Depth x

Density.

For the annual replenishment of minor mineral reserves, the average annual mean depth

up to which the replenishment of minor mineral takes place annually, has been taken into

consideration which depends upon the annual rainfall factor and geology of the

catchments area.

Thus, the approximate Un-Settled area for Potential Sand deposit would be about 80

Acres under 3rd

or higher stream order( Category II, Balughat as per Jharkhand Sand

Mining Policy,2017) , may be recommended for Jharkhand State Mineral Development

Corporation (JSMDC) which will produce a total Sand Production of about 1.73Million

every year.

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Google Image of Area of Koderma district, Showing rivers of the district

Landsat Image from Google, Area of Koderma district, showing white to pale white

colour as reflection of Existing Sand Deposits on River bed.

28


7.3 LIST OF UN-SETTLED BALU GHATS IN THE DISTRICT KODERMA :

Sl.

NO

NAME OF

RIVER/STR

EAM

PANCHYAT MAUZA/

PLOT NO

AREA

(IN ACRES)

PERIOD OF

VALIDITY

PRODUCTION

OF SAND

ROYALTY

RECEIVED

1 POANCHK

HARA MARKACHO 15.50 - - 228500

2 DUDHI KANKO 9.10 - - 76500

3 AKTO JOGIYA TILHA PRATAB PUR/ 01

(P) & 69 (P) 10.00

_

_

_

4 BARAKAR CHEHAL

CHEHAL/ 892,

2358 & CHANDRA

PUR/ 732 (p)

43.28

_

_

_

5 BARAKAR SATDIHA SATDIHA / 01 2.53 _ _ _

7.4 LIST OF UN-SETTLED BALU GHATS IN THE DISTRICT, LOCATION,

NAME OF RIVER/NALA, AREA AND POTENTIAL RESERVE.

SL.

NO LOCATION

NAME OF

RIVER

/NALA

AREA

IN

ACRE

LENGTH

(M)

WIDTH

(M)

DEPTH

(M)

TOTAL

(Cum)

RESERVE

(TON)

1 MARKAC

HO

POANCHK

HARA 15.5 793 77 2.2 134334.2 268668.4

2 KANKO DUDHI 9.1 968 38 2.3 84603.2 169206.4

3 JOGIYA

TILHA AKTO 10 660 60.6 2.5 99990 199980

4 CHEHAL BARAKAR 43.28 2856.48 60.6 3 519308.1 1038616

5 SATDIHA BARAKAR 2.52 190 53 3 30210 60420

Total

80.4 5467.48 289.2 13 868445.5 1736891

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7.5 TOTAL POTENTIAL SAND DEPOSITS Of THE DISTRICT :

SL. NO

Name of River/Nala

Portion of the

River or Stream

Recommended

for Mineral (in

kilometer)

Length of

area

recommend

ed for

mineral

concession

(in

kilometer)

Average

width of

area

recommen

ded for

mineral

concessio

n (in

meters)

Recommen

ded for

mineral

concession

(in square

meter)

Mineable

mineral

potential (in

metric

tonne) (60%

of total

mineral

potential)

1 AKTO kattadih,Tetran,L

ariyadih,Masmoh

na, Jogiyatilha

2.934 66.12 193996.1 608073

2 HARHARO Pathaldih 2.59 43 111370 399312

3 BARAKAR Satdiha,Chehal,Ja

mkati,

Dasharokhurd,Ka

nkarcholi,katiya,

Tilokari

5.49648 54.22 298019.1 1052795

4 KESO Kariyawan,Kundi

dhanwar,Barkidh

amrai,Tamai

1.628 79 128612 513295

5 GAURI Samldih,Kanti 0.669 101 67569 246207

6 SAKRI Kolgarma,Tehro,

Marchoi,

1.928 76.36 147222.1 538669

7 POANCHKHARA

Markacho 0.793 77 61061 161201

8 DUDHI Kanko 0.968 38 36784 101523

30


7.6 ANNUAL DEPOSITION OF SAND /SEDIMENTS IN CATCHMENT AREA IN KODERMA

DISTRICT

There a large number of rivers and streams in the district, but in most of them the supply

of water diminishes rapidly or fails entirely soon after the end of the rains. The landscape

being undulating and abnormally sloping, the nallas, rivulets and rivers rising from the

hillocks and hills send out torrential currents during the rains which generally run to waste

cutting deep ravines and gorges in the basin traces. The carrying capacity of the river

decreases as a result of which all the load carrying by the river is deposited.

This stream has developed a high flood plain near the confluence of rivers as during flood

season the velocity of this stream is checked by the water of rivers and most of sand

sediments load is deposited near the confluence point.

The annual replenishment in the river depends upon the amount of precipitation, velocity

of the river, catchment area and etc. Annual replenishment is depend upon the period of

rainy season and rainfall and surface run-off at different places of the flow of River. To

calculate the replenishment data in rainy season is very difficult. Hence, It is suggested

that before considering the report for environment clearance Joint inspection Team report

must be collected as per the guidelines..

7.7 ECONOMIC IMPACT OF MINING

The mining will generate direct and indirect employment during mining operations and

most of the unskilled labour will be used for mining purposes and they will be paid more

than minimum wages prescribed by State Govt. In general, there will be no adverse effect

on human health as no blasting or handling of toxic material is involved. All the safety

measureswill be strictly followed to prevent occupational risk during excavation, loading

and transportation. This will be a good source of revenue generation for the government as

after getting the Environment Clearance, the minor mineral concessioner will have to pay

the Royalty Price, which will enhance the revenue of the State Government.

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GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS:

During the preparation of the present report the two prominent rivers Sakri river and

Barakar river may be considered under category -2 which shall be managed by State

Government through Jharkhand State Mineral Development Corporation Limited

(JSMDC). The prominent rivers/streams has been studied in detail, as the rest of the

streams/rivers either have very insignificant annual replenishment/ approachability

problem or are very narrow at most of the places and as such are not fit for grant of

mineral concession for mineral based industries, however it is also important to mention

here that because of the regular demand of sand for the developmental activities in the

respective areas, such streams are prone to illegal mining, It is suggested that the auctions

of Sand deposits be done regularly to meet out the local demand subject to the approval

from the joint Inspection Committee as per Jharkhand Minor Mineral Concession Rules

2017 and Jharkhand Sand Mining Policy 2017.These mineral concessions shall also

reduce demand load and will be helpful to minimize illegal extraction of minerals, failure

of which may result in to illegal mining at odd hours and shall be haphazard and more

detrimental to the local ecology. Irrespective of it following geo-scientific considerations

are also suggested to be taken into account during the river bed mining in a particular area:

1. Abandoned stream channels or terrace and inactive floodplains may be preferred rather

than active channels and their deltas and floodplains.

2. Stream should not be diverted to form inactive channel.

3. Mining below subterranean water level should be avoided as a safeguard against

environmental contamination and over exploitation of resources.

32


4. Large rivers and streams whose periodic sediment replenishment capacities are larger,

may be preferred than smaller rivers.

5. Segments of braided river system should be used preferably falling within the lateral

migration area of the river regime that enhances the feasibility of sediment replenishment.

6. Mining at the concave side of the river channel should be avoided to prevent bank

erosion. Similarly meandering segment of a river should be selected for mining in such a

way as to avoid natural eroding banks and to promote mining on naturally building

(aggrading) meander components.

7. Continued riverbed material mining in a given segment of the river will induce seasonal

scouring and intensify the erosion activity within the channel. This will have an adverse

effect not only within the mining area but also both in upstream and downstream of the

river course. Hazardous effects of such scouring and enhanced erosion due to riverbed

mining should be evaluated periodically and avoided for sustainable mining activities.

8. Mining area should be demarcated on the ground with Pucca pillars so as to avoid

illegal unscientific mining.

9. It is recommended that Sub Divisional Level Committee may take into consideration all

its relevant aspects / data while scrutinizing and recommending the application for EC to

the concerned Authority.

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v

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37


ANNEXURE-II

LIST OF RIVER WISE DETAILS OF POTENTIAL BALUGHATS IN THE

DISTRICT.

SL. NO

LOCATION NAME OF

RIVER/NALA AREA

(ACRE) LENGTH

(M) LENGTH

(KM) WIDTH

(M) DEPTH

(M) TOTAL (Cum)

RESERVE (TON)

AKTO RIVER

1 KATTADIH AKTO 2 178 0.178 63 2.14 23997.96 47995.92

2 TETRAN AKTO 11.8 560 0.56 139 3 233520 467040 3

JOGIYA TILHA AKTO 10 660 0.66 60.6 2.5 99990 199980

4 LARIYADIH AKTO 5.6 906 0.906 25 3 67950 135900

5 MASMOHNA AKTO 6.7 630 0.63 43 3 81270 162540

36.1 2934 2.934 506728 1013456

HARHARO RIVER

6 DANDADIH HARHARO 40.7 250 0.25 45.6 3 34200 68400

7 PATHALDIH HARHRO 24.59 2488 2.488 40 3 298560 597120

65.29 2738 2.738 332760 665520

BARAKAR RIVER

8 TILOKARI BRAKAR 5 294 0.294 69 3 60858 121716

9 KATIYA BRAKAR 3.45 465 0.465 60 1.5 41850 83700

10 KANKARCHOLI BRAKAR 17.78 850 0.85 50 2.6 110500 221000

11 DASHARO

KHURD BRAKAR 8.45 744 0.744 46 3 102672 205344

12 JAMKATI

(BIRSODIH) BRAKAR 7.6 97 0.097 41 3 11931 23862

13 CHEHAL BARAKAR 43.28 2856.48 2.85648 60.6 3 519308.1 1038616

14 SATDIHA BARAKAR 2.52 190 0.19 53 3 30210 60420

88.08 5496.48 5.49648 877329.1 1754658

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KESO RIVER

15 TAMAI KESO 11.25 650 0.65 120 3 234000 468000

16 KUNDI

DHANWAR KESO 8.02 532 0.532 70 3 111720 223440

17 BARKI

DHAMRAI KESO 3.75 196 0.196 77 3 45276 90552

18 KARIYAWAN KESO 2.32 250 0.25 49 3 35960 73500

25.34 1628 1.628 426956 855492

GAURI RIVER

19 KANTI GAURI 10.65 403 0.403 107 3 129363 258726

20 SAMLDIH GAURI 6.79 266 0.266 95 3 75810 151620

17.44 669 0.669 205173 410346

SAKRI RIVER

21 MARCHOI SAKRI 23.32 817 0.817 115.5 3 283090.5 566181

22 TEHRO SAKRI 12.14 800 0.8 60.6 2.4 116352 232704

23 KOLGARMA SAKRI 4.1 311 0.311 53 3 49449 98898

39.56 1928 1.928 448891.5 897783

POANCHKHARA RIVER

24 MARKACHO POANCHKHARA 15.5 793 0.793 77 2.2 134334.2 268668.4

DUDHI RIVER

25 KANKO DUDHI 9.1 968 0.968 38 2.3 84603.2 169206.4

39


ANNEXURE-II

FIELD PHOTOGRAPHS

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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT DISTRICT-KODERMA...

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