Distribution of Non-Prevocalic /r/

1/9

Trudgill, Peter. 2000. Sociolinguistics: An Introduction to Language and Society, 4th edition. London: Penguin Books, p. 149.

How Innovations Spread

2/9

1

23

45

Summary of How Innovations Spread

From one place to nearby places

From urban center to urban center

From urban center to surrounding areas

From person to person, group to group

From area to area as people move

Trudgill, Peter. 2000. Sociolinguistics: An Introduction to Language and Society, 4th edition. London: Penguin Books, pp. 147-153.

3/9

Countries where Indo-European Languages are spoken

Wikipedia: Countries where Indo-European Languages are dominant in orange;

yellow represents areas where IE language is an auxiliary language. Image by Brianski.

4/9

Sino-Tibetan Languages

SiniticSinitic Tibeto-BurmanTibeto-Burman

ChineseChinese (Bai) (Tibetan) (Burmese) (Karen)

Mandarin Wu Yue Min Hakka Xiang Gan

北方話 吳 粵 客家 湘 贛

N E SW Minnan Minbei

閩南話 閩北話5/9

6/9

Identifying Terms from Another Variety of Chinese

Mark which expressions are used in Taiwan (with a check mark ) and which are not (with an )

二層 人流 小販 公安方便麵 水平 出租汽車 生字冰棍 計程車 計算機 個體戶高考 速食麵 普通話 詞匯 飯店 幹活 雷射 電腦磁帶 墮胎 激光 錄音帶錄像機 餐廳 聯考 聯系韓國

7/9

Beijing and Taipei Varieties of Beijing and Taipei Varieties of Mandarin 1Mandarin 1

台灣 大陸 English國語 普通話 Mandarin警察 公安 police 冰棒 冰棍 popsicle計程車 出租汽車 taxi聯考 高考 entrance exam小販 個體戶 private seller錄影機 錄像機 VCR水準 水平 standard, level

Teng, Shou-hsin and Lo Sun Perry. 1999. Taiwan Today: An Intermediate Course, 1999 Extended Edition. Tunghai University, Chinese Language Center. P. 249.

8/9

Beijing and Taipei Varieties of Beijing and Taipei Varieties of Mandarin 2Mandarin 2

台灣 大陸 English餐廳 飯店 restaurant韓國 朝鮮 Korea速食麵 方便麵 instant noodles生字 詞匯 vocabulary錄音帶 磁帶 cassette tape聯絡 聯系 get in touch二樓 二層 second floor墮胎 人流 abortion雷射 激光 laser

Teng, Shou-hsin and Lo Sun Perry. 1999. Taiwan Today: An Intermediate Course, 1999 Extended Edition. Tunghai University, Chinese Language Center. P. 249.

9/9