distance learning

Done by : Murtadha ALAjmi 68691Suliman ALSubihi Hussien ALAjmi

DL: Distance LearningID: Individualize Learning

Definition of Distance learning Technology & interaction

Educational Relationship

DL & Individualize learning Types of Distance learning

Limitation of media and Technology

Objectives

•You will be able to write your own definition of Distance learning.

•You will be able to identify the deferent types of Distance learning.

•You will be able to give examples for the types of DL.

•You will be able to relate DL to individualize learning.

•You will be able to present you own opinion about the media and

technology used in distance learning.

At the end of this presentation:

.

Defining DL

What is distance education or distance learning?

Distance education is defined as ….

Defining DL

1. Distance education is a method of education in which the learner is physically

separated from the teacher by space and time. Rumble (1989)

2. Distance education materials are often structured in ways that facilitate learning at

a distance. Rumble (1989)

Defining DL

3- Moore and Kearsley (1996)

‘the family of instructional methods in which the teaching

behaviors are executed apart from the learning behaviors, so

that communication between the teacher and the learner

must be facilitated by print, electronic or other devices.

Defining DL

4-The process of extending learning, or delivering

instructional resource-sharing opportunities, to locations

away from a classroom, building or site, to another

classroom, building or site by using AV, computer,

multimedia communications, or other traditional delivery

methods.

Defining DL

5- ‘The essential criteria’

1. Distance education implies that the majority of educational

communication between(among) teachers and student(s)

occurs non-contiguously.

2. Distance education must involve two-way communication

between (among) teacher and student(s) for the purpose of

facilitating and supporting the educational process.

3. Distance education uses technology to mediate the

necessary two-way communication.

Defining DL

From above :

1. The separation of teacher and learner;

2. The separation among learners;

3. The use of one medium (or more) to deliver the subject

matter (e.g., print and post,

broadcasting and tapes, etc.); and

4. The use of a communication channel to facilitate

interaction and support learners (e.g.,

post, telephone, teleconferencing, etc).

In face-to-face education:

The teacher can play an essential role in facilitating

learning and supporting students.

prepare lessons, discuss students,

manage the class, select the needed technology,

suggest activities, assess students and provide

reinforcement.


In distance education:

Although DE is recognised by the separation

between the tutor and learners, an important role

can be played by distance tutors.

suggest learning resources ,

deliver the instruction ,

determine the degree of interaction,

select the appropriate form of assessment.


In distance education:

1.The distance tutor may visit the distant site, or students

may take a trip to a central site.

2. The distance tutor may use technology (e.g., telephone, e-

mail or discussion boards) tom interact and support students.



T eac her S tudent

Content( i.e. , in form ation)

The educational relationship in distance education in the absence of two-way communication technology (Shale and Garrison, 1990)


T e a c he r S tude nt

C o n t e n t

In t e ra c t io n

M e dium

In t e ra c t io n

C o n t e n t

The educational relationship in distance education using two-way communication technology

Types of DL

Open Schedule

An open schedule can be taken anywhere and gives

students the most freedom possible. In this plan, students

are given a set of deadlines that they must meet within a

certain amount of time, but they can work anytime and

anywhere to meet the course requirements. This program

is ideal for independent workers and people who don’t

struggle with procrastination.

Types of DL

Blended Learning

The second most common strategy used in distance

learning is one that offers an open schedule, but requires

students to communicate in an established location. This

could mean that students are able to complete assignments

on their own time, but they are required to meet in a

classroom or computer chat room to touch base.

Types of DL

Computer Based Learning

Computer Based Learning is the strictest version of

distance learning, requiring students to participate at

designated times and places. This means that students

must touch base at a designated computer lab, or even

meet in an actual classroom at a pre-determined time.

Types of DL

Fixed Time E-Learning

The most common form of distance learning is a program

that sets a pre-determined schedule that can be kept from

any location. This could mean that students are able to

work from home, school, or the office, as long as they log

onto the online learning site at a designated time. These

programs often include a live online forum.

Synchronous technology is a mode of online delivery

where all participants are "present" at the same time.

Requires a timetable to be organized.

Asynchronous technology is a mode of online

delivery where participants access course materials

on their own schedule. Students are not required to

be together at the same time.

Media & Technology

Synchronous technologies:

Telephone , Videoconferencing Web

Conferencing ,Audio conferencing,Internet

chat.

Asynchronous technologies:

Audiocassette, E-mail ,Message Board

Forums ,Print Materials, Voice Mail/fax

Videocassette

Broadcast video, Radio, CD-ROM

Media & Technology See video

Interaction

Interaction at a Distance

Interaction

A process that happens between the learner and the

learning environment (the tutor, students and the learning

content) in which the learner takes a more positive role.

Interactivity has been described as a key to success in

traditional classroom to enhance learning and motivate

learners.

Interaction

Types of Interaction

Social interaction Learner-instructor interactionLearner-learner interaction

Individual interaction Learner-content interaction

Interaction

Types of Social Interaction

Time-dependent (synchronous)Using real-time communication technology (e.g., telephone, video conferencing, chatting…)

Time-independent (asynchronous)Using communication tools (e.g., fax, e-mail, discussion boards…).

Interaction

Encouraging interaction at a distance:

Learner-instructor interactionLearner-learner interactionLearner-content interaction

How?

Limitation of broadcasting radio and television Broadcasting does not have many of the features

available in printed materials, such as learner

control and self pace. Although broadcasting is considered as a

powerful tool for bringing the real world into the

classroom, programmes often lack strategies for

involving learners.

limitation

Limitation of broadcasting radio and television Certain types of experiences cannot be

transmitted by broadcasting, such as face-to-face contacts and abstract ideas that need interaction and deep explanation, like mathematical concepts.

The costs of production, equipment and transmission per hour are very high in comparison with other media.

limitation

WEB e.g.

• http://www.universities.com/

• http://www.capella.edu/distance_learning.aspx

• http://www.otago.ac.nz/courses/distance_study/

• http://www.uofa.edu/academicEvaluation.asp?

sec=academicEvaluation&gclid=CLus4OChpJkC

FQqbnAodjAs5uw

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distance learning

Education

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