Dissertation

EFFECTS OF INDIAN CLASSICAL MUSIC ON

HUMAN MIND & BEHAVIORKUNAL CHAKRABORTY(131001701013)

MSC(BIOTECH)4TH SEM

TECHNO INDIA UNIVERSITY

SALTLAKE. KOLKATA

INTRODUCTION• MUSIC IS THE ART OF SOUND IN TIME, EXPRESSING IDEAS AND EMOTIONS IN SIGNIFICANT FORMS

THROUGH THE ELEMENTS OF MELODY, HARMONY AND COLOR. TONES OR SOUNDS OCCURRING EITHER IN IN A SINGLE LINE (I.E., MELODY) OR IN MULTIPLE LINES (I.E., HARMONY) AND THE FEELING OF MOVEMENT OF SOUND IN TIME (I.E., RHYTHM) ARE THE ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF MUSIC. THE OXFORD DICTIONARY DEFINES MUSIC AS VOCAL AND/OR INSTRUMENTAL SOUNDS COMBINED IN SUCH A WAY AS TO PRODUCE BEAUTY OF FORM, HARMONY AND EXPRESSION OF EMOTION. TODAY, MUSIC AND ITS TECHNOLOGY IS IN VOGUE PARTICULARLY THE USE OF ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND COMPUTER SOFTWARE. FROM CLASSICAL CARNATIC TO LATIN FOLK, FROM TINY I-PODS TO HIGH VOLTAGE ROCK PERFORMANCES, EVERY HUMAN BEING IS ACCOMPANIED BY MUSIC ANYTIME AND ANYWHERE. “MUSIC ENERGIZES MOOD,” “MUSIC IS A GREAT STRESS BUSTER,” “MUSIC DRIVES AWAY BLUES,” “MUSIC SOOTHES SOULS” - FROM A MENTAL HEALTH PROFESSIONAL POINT OF VIEW, THESE STATEMENTS INVOKE THOUGHTS LIKE “SINCE HOW LONG HAS BEEN THIS ASSOCIATION BETWEEN MUSIC AND MIND THERE?” “WHAT ASPECTS OF MENTAL HEALTH DOES MUSIC IMPACT?” “CAN MUSIC TREAT MENTAL ILLNESSES? AND IF YES HOW?” THIS REVIEW MAKES AN ATTEMPT TO ANSWER SUCH QUESTIONS. PARTICULARLY, WE HAVE TRIED TO FOCUS THE ROLE OF INDIAN FORMS OF MUSIC AND INDIAN CONTRIBUTION TO MUSIC THERAPY.

WHAT IS MUSIC

Music is “The art of arranging tones in an orderly sequence so as to produce a unified and continuous composition”.Actually Music has no real definition at all. To a Musician Music is their Life. Their soul. To normal Persons, Music is a leisure, a Hobby, a Pastime. However, Either Musician or Normal Person everyone loves Music.

To different perspectives Music can be define as: Music is a science. It is exact. It demands acoustic. It demands right note at the right time. Graph indicates volume change, Intensity change. So it needs exact control of times. • Music is Mathematics It is rhythmically based on the subdivisions of time into fractions which must be done, not worked out on paper. • Music is history Music usually reflects the environment and times of its creations, often even the country and/or racial feeling.

HOW MUSIC TRAVELS THROUGH EAR

SOUND ENTERS EARS AND TRAVELS ALONG OUR EAR CANAL

IT SETS OFF A WAVE OF VIBRATIONS FROM OUR EARDRUM TO THE SNAIL-SHAPED COCHLEA IN OUR INNER EAR

THESE VIBRATIONS STIMULATE SENSORY HAIR CELLS IN OUR COCHLEA

THIS GENERATES A NERVE IMPULSE WHICH TRAVELS ALONG OUR COCHLEAR NERVE TO OUR BRAIN

THE TEMPORAL LOBE PROCESSES THE SOUND.

SOUND EAR EAR CANAL

SETS OFF WAVE OF VIBRATION FROM EARDRUM

COCHLEA IN INNER EAR

VIBRATION STIMULATE SENSORY HAIRCELLS

BRAIN COCHLEAR NERVE

GENERATES NERVE IMPULSE

HOW BRAIN RESPONSES TO MUSIC

• RIGHT HEMISPHERE OF BRAIN

ACTIVATED WHEN WE HEAR MELODIES WITH A VARIETY OF PITCH AND TIMBRE

IT ALSO “LIGHTS UP” WHEN PEOPLE PLAY MUSIC BY EAR.

• LEFT HEMISPHERE OF BRAIN

“LIGHTS UP” WHEN WE LEARN TO READ MUSIC, UNDERSTANDS KEY SIGNATURE AND NOTATION,

AND FOLLOWS THE SEQUENCE OF NOTES.SIGNIFICANTLY, THE BRAIN IS ACTIVATED IN THE SAME AREA THAT IS INVOLVED IN ANALYTICAL AND MATHEMATICAL THINKING.

SO WE CAN SIMULTANEOUSLY STIMULATE THE RIGHT AND LEFT HEMISPHERES OF THE BRAIN BY PLAYING AN INSTRUMENT OR BY SINGING.

WHICH AREAS OF BRAIN GOT EXCITED

BRAIN AND MUSIC PROCESSING

WHY INDIAN CLASSICAL MUSIC?EFFECT OF MUSIC ON HUMAN EMOTION WAS DONE MAINLY IN GERMANY AND OTHER FOREIGN COUNTRIES. THEY HAVE USED STRAUSS’S “BLUE DANUBE”. BACH’S “AIR ON G STRING”. MOZART’S “K488”. BUT OUR TEST SPECIMENS WERE INDIAN. ALSO OUR TEST LOCATION WAS INDIA, IT WAS IMPOSSIBLE TO MEASURE SOMEONE’S EMOTION LEVEL THROUGH BACH BEETHOVEN MOZART OR STRAUSS’S TONES IN INDIA. AS MOST OF THE INDIANS ARE UNAWARE OF WESTERN CLASSICS. SO WE HAVE CHOSE INDIAN CLASSICAL MUSICIANS LIKE PT. RAVI SHANKAR. ANOUSHKA SHANKAR. USTAAD ALLARAKHA KHAN. PT. TANMOY BOSE. WE, INDIANS KNOW THESE LEGENDS. ALSO ARE WELL ACCUSTOMED WITH THEIR MUSIC. SO, IT WAS POSSIBLE TO MEASURE OUR TEST SPECIMENS EMOTION LEVEL WHILE LISTENING TO THEM. ALSO WE HAVE FOUND THAT BAULS AND FAKIRS MOST NOTABLY LALAN FAKIR USED FOLK SONGS AND CLASSICAL SONGS TO TREAT MENTALLY, EMOTIONALLY SICK PEOPLE. SO, WE HAVE USED INDIAN CLASSICAL MUSIC. SITAR MAESTRO PT. RAVI SHANKAR

OUR OBJECTIVE

NOW-A-DAYS, SUICIDAL PRONE HAS BEEN INCREASED. MENTAL IMBALANCE INCREASED. MENTALLY HANDICAPPED CHILDREN BIRTH INCREASED. PSYCHOPATH KILLERS INCREASED. CASES OF EMOTIONAL BREAK DOWN HAS BEEN RISES UP. ALZHEIMER'S IS NOW A CURSE TO OLD LIFE. THERE ARE REMEDIES AVAILABLE. BUT, THOSE ARE NOT AS EFFECTIVE NOW.

AS,

ANY CRIMINAL CAN PASS A LIE DETECTOR TEST IF HE/SHE COMES WELL PREPARED

FOR ALZHEIMER'S PATIENT THERE IS NO CURE AT ALL. THEY JUST GOES DOWN AND DOWN AND ENDS UP IN A LIMBO.

FOR SUICIDAL PRONE PEOPLE, IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO KNOW ABOUT THEIR LIFESTYLE IF HE/SHE DOES NOT CO-ORDINATE.

FOR HANDICAPPED CHILDREN, THERE IS ALMOST NO MEDICINE AVAILABLE. SO, THEY SPEND THEIR REST OF THE LIVES AS A DIFFERENTLY ABLED.

OUR WORK WE HAVE USED FACS(FACIAL ACTION CODING SYSTEM). IT IS A SYSTEM WHICH CAN TAXONOMIZE HUMAN EMOTIONS BY THEIR FACIAL MOVEMENTS AND ALSO BODY MOVEMENTS. THE SYSTEM WAS ORIGINALLY DEVELOPED BY CARL-HERMAN HJORTSJÖ. THEN IT WAS ADOPTED BY PAUL EKMAN AND WALLACE. V. FRIESEN. SINCE ITS DEVELOPMENT, IT HAS BEEN USED WIDELY BY PSYCHOLOGISTS AND ANIMATORS.

HOW DOES IT WORK

BY USING FACS CODERS CAN MANUALLY CODE ANY EXPRESSION AND THEN MATCHES IT WITH PREDEFINED CODES. THE CODES ARE DEFINED AS ACTION UNITS(AU).

LIKE,

HAPPINESS = 6(AU)+12(AU)

SADNESS = 1(AU)+4(AU)+15(AU)

HOW DOES IT WORK

FINAL PRODUCT

CONTINUED………….

WORKFLOW

MATERIALS WE HAVE USED:

• 3 DSLR’S(ONE FOR FACIAL EXPRESSION , ONE FOR FACIAL AND HAND MOVEMENTS. ANOTHER ONE FOR SIDE VIEW AND SIDE EXPRESSIONS).

• 3 TRIPOD STANDS(FOR HOLDING THE CAMERAS)

• DOLBY SURROUND HEADPHONE

• LAPTOP

• WINDOWS MOVIE MAKER

• FACS SOFTWARE

FIRST WE HAVE SELECTED 16 CANDIDATES BETWEEN 15-20, 21-25, 26-30, 31-35 & 36-40 AGE GROUPS.

THEN ON THE FIRST DAY WE HAVE TESTED ON 8 CANDIDATES AND RECORDED THEIR EXPRESSIONS.

CONTINUED

THE FIRST DAY INDIAN CLASSICAL TRACKS ARE:

A. RAGA_MISHRA_BHAIRAVI_ADDHA_TEENTAAL_PT._RAVI_SHANKAR_(SITAR)

B. RAGA_ASA_BHAIRAV_EKTAAL_-_PT._RAVI_SHANKAR_(SITAR)

WESTERN CLASSICAL TRACKS ARE:

A. STRINGSTRUCK-(JATT.FM)

B. DWO_-_BICKRAM_GHOSH_MIX-(JATT.FM)

SECOND DAY WE HAVE TESTED ON THE REMAINING 8 CANDIDATES.

THE INDIAN CLASSICAL TRACK IS:

ANOUSHKA SHANKAR – LASYA

WESTERN CLASSICAL TRACK IS:

PEACE_OF_MIND-(JATT.FM)

CONTINUED………………..ON DAY 3, WE HAVE RANDOMLY SELECTED 8 CANDIDATES AMONG 16, AND INTERVIEWED THEM WITH A SELECTED NUMBERS OF QUESTIONS.

INTERVIEW QUESTIONS ARE:

1. HOW WAS THE MUSIC?

2. ARE YOU FEELING SOME CHANGE IN YOURSELF?

3. WILL YOU BE LISTENING TO THE TRACK UPTO END(THE TRACKS WERE PLAYED JUST FOR 2 MINUTES)

4. ARE YOU HAVING SOME FLASHBACKS OF SOME DISTANT MEMORY?

AFTER THEIR INTERVIEW WE HAVE MATCHED THEIR ANSWERS WITH THE FACIAL CODING SCORES THROUGH FACS. AND FIND OUT THAT APPROX. 96% OF THE TEST DATA ARE CORRECT.

DATA ANALYSIS Candidates Music track After effects Mood

1 Indian classical music Clam Good

2 Indian classical music Clam Emotional

4 Indian classical music Clam Relaxed

5 Indian classical music Clam Thoughtful

5 Indian classical music Clam Nostalgic

7 Indian classical music Clam Thoughtful

8 Indian classical music Clam Relaxed


10 Indian classical music No changes Not good


12 Indian classical music No changes Bad


14 Indian classical music Clam Nostalgic


16 Indian classical music Clam emotional

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

SOME EXAMPLES

CONTINUED…………………………..

CONTINUED…………….

CONTINUED………..

WHY IT IS EFFICIENTTHIS IS JUST A SMALL BEGINNING. SO, WE CAN NOT YET CALL IT EFFICIENT OR NOT. BUT IT CAN BE EFFICIENT IN THESE WAYS:1. FACS CAN DETECT MINUTE EXPRESSION CHANGES. SO, IT CAN BE EASILY USED AS A

LIE DETECTOR. AS MAXIMUM PEOPLE IN THIS WORLD LOVES MUSIC.2. ALZHEIMER'S PATIENTS CAN NOT EXPRESS THEIR FEELINGS PROPERLY. BU FACS

THEY CAN EXPRESS MORE EASILY AS SOME SCIENTISTS SHOWN THAT MUSIC TEMPORARILY BRINGS BACK THE SPARK IN MOTOR NEURON.

3. MENTALLY CHALLENGED KIDS HAS SHOWN A QUITE ECCENTRIC RESPONSE TOWARDS MUSIC. SO THEY CAN EXPRESS THEIR FEELINGS THROUGH FACS.

4. OUR TEST SHOWED THAT UPTO MUSIC SOOTHES UPTO 96% PEOPLE. SO, IN CASE OF SUICIDAL PRONE PEOPLES, WE CAN MAKE THEM LISTEN TO A TRACK AND MEASURE THEIR EMOTIONS THROUGH FACS, SO THAT CORRECT DIAGNOSIS FOLLOWS BY.

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• MIHAI POPESCU, ASUKA OTSUKA, ANDREAS A. IOANNIDES-MUSIC AS SELF: POETICS, VOLUME 27, ISSUE 1, OCTOBER 1999, PAGES 31-56

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Dissertation

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