Disposal by Sanitary Landfill
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Transcript of Disposal by Sanitary Landfill
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OBJECTIVES :
Understand what sanitary landfill is Understand its factors that needs
consideration upon application of sanitary landfill
Recognize the equipments used in sanitary
landfill
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-defined as a land disposal site
employing an engineered method of
disposing of solid wastes on land in amanner that minimizes environmentalhazards by spreading the solid wastesto the smallest practical volume, and
applying and compacting covermaterial at the end of each day.
What is a sanitary landf i l l?
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SANI TARY LANDF I LL
Controlled method of refuse disposal.Environmental and safety aspects areconsidered during the process
Refuse is dumped in accordance with apreconceived plan, compacted, andcovered during and at the end of eachday
Creating a landfill includes planning,design, implementation, operation,monitoring and controlled abandonment
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SANITARY LANDFILLS
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FACTORS TO CONSIDER IN SANITARY
LANDFILL :
LEGAL REQUIREMENTS
INTERMUNICIPAL COOPERATION
SOCIAL AND POLITICAL FACTORS
PLANNING
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SITE SELECTION
Natural environment Ecology
Landscape
Water protection
General plans of the region Structure of the settlements
Distance to the sources
Access of roads, public utilities, etc.
Ownership of the area, present landuse
Types and quantity of the wastesurfacearea available
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SITE SELECTION
Topography Climate
Prevailing wind
Hydrogeology, geology, earth movement Classification of the area (depends on the
soil characteristics and the type of waste)
Politics
Public acceptance
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OPTIMAL SITE
IN THE DESERTLITTLE PRECIPITATION
HIGH EVAPOTRANSPIRATIONNO LEAKAGE
THICK UNSATURATED ZONE
NO NEIGHBOURS
FLAT AREA
LITTLE POTENTIAL OF GROUNDWATER FLOW
LEAKAGE STAYS IN THE AREA
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FAVOURABLE SITES
clay
clay
Organic material
(peat bog)
Hard crystalline
rocks (few
fractures)
sand
silt Unsaturated
zone
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UNFAVOURABLE SITES
sand
limestone
shal
e
Sand and
gravel
High groundwaterlevel
no leakage water
Penetrates to the limestone
leakage 2 km further
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STAGES OF LANDFILLS
1. INITIAL STAGE
1. A
Initial stagewe put the waste to the site
1. B
Transition stagewhen the leakage is produced
2. ACID STAGE
Bacteria create complex organic acidspH decrease
Heavy metals become soluble
Increase of heavy metal content in the leakage
1-5 years
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STAGES OF LANDFILLS
3. METHANIGENIC STAGE
Bacteria produce methane gas + CO2+ H2O
They use organic acid
Increase of pH
Decrease of heavy metal content in the leakage
Can take 50100 years (we do not know)
4. FINAL STAGE
Bacteria which need the organic acid die
Oxygen comes inOrganic matter has been transformed (80%)
Raise of the redox-potential
Decrease of pH
Increase of heavy metals in the leakage
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PARTS OF A SANITARY LANDFILL
Disposal site provided with appropriate protection
Drainage system for the leachate Storage basin for leachate water
Treatment facility for leachate water
Buildingsoffice, storage facility, restrooms, garage
Fence around the disposal site
Weigh station
Registration system
Compacting machines, other vehicles
Public utilitiesdrinking water, sewerage, electricity,
telephone Washing facilities for containers, vehicles
Roads
Sorting facility
Monitoring system
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Wh l dfill i f ll l f
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Electricity generator
building
Methane storage
and compressorbuilding
Pipes collect explosive
methane for use as fuel
to generate electricity
Methane gasrecovery well
Compacted
solid waste
Groundwater
When landfill is full, layers of
soil and clay seal in trashTopsoil
Sand
Clay
Garbage
Probes to detect
methane leaks
Leachate
treatment system
Leachate
storagetank
Leachatepipes
Leachate pumpedup to storage tankfor safe disposal
Leachate
monitoring
well
Groundwatermonitoring
well
Clay and plastic lining to
prevent leaks; pipes collect
leachate from bottom oflandfill
Garbage
Sand
Syntheticliner
Sand
Clay
SubsoilFig. 13-18, p. 293
Stepped Art
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EQUIPMENTS USED IN
SANITARY LANDFILL
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SCRAPPER
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CRAWLER TRACTOR
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DRAG LINE
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FRONT-END
LOADER
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MOTOR
GRADER
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EFFECTS OF LANDFILLS
Operating landfill Noise
Gas to the atmosphere, ground
Leachate (ground water pollution)
Wind blown litter and dust
Birds, insects
Surface runoff (pollution of surface waters)
Completed landfill
Gas to air, ground
Contaminated crops
leachate
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INCINERATION
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INCINERATION
A waste treatment process that involves the combustion oforganic substances contained in waste materials.[1]
Incineration and other high-temperature waste treatment
systems are described as "thermal treatment". Incineration
of waste materials converts the waste into ash, flue gas,and heat. The ash is mostly formed by the inorganic
constituents of the waste, and may take the form of solid
lumps or particulates carried by the flue gas. The flue
gases must be cleaned of gaseous and particulate
pollutants before they are dispersed into the atmosphere.
In some cases, the heat generated by incineration can be
used to generate electric power.
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Classifications of Incinerators
Grate
Open rack
Stationary or moving
Air circulation Large and irregular
wastes
Hearth
Solid plate
Variety of waste
Suspension
Sand or alumina bed
fluidized with air
Relatively uniformfeed size
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Typical Process Flow Diagram
Waste
Storage
Pre-processing/blending
Incineration Flue Gas
Pollution
Control
Ash Stabilization
Landfill
Effluent
POTW
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Environmental
Considerations
Tonne of waste creates 3.5 MW of energy(eq. to 300 kg of fuel oil) powers 70homes
Biogenic portion of waste is consideredCO2neutral (tree uses more CO2duringits lifecycle than released during
combustion) Should not displace recycling
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Waste Incineration -
Disadvantages High capital cost
Skilled operators are required (particularly for boiler
operations)
Some materials are noncombustible
Some material require supplemental fuel
Public disapproval
Risk imposed rather than voluntary
Incineration will decrease property value (perceived not
necessarily true)
Distrust of government/industry ability to regulate
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Flue Gas Pollutants
Particulates
Acid Gases
NOx
CO
Organic Hazardous Air Pollutants
Metal Hazardous Air Pollutants
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Questions?
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Trade-Offs: Incineration