book serves to further ask the question of whether or not wehave truly moved toward a postcolonial missiological para-digm seeking to empower Native Americans by encouragingthem to pursue culturally relevant models of contextualizedChristianity. Divided into four parts, these sections are fol-lowed by Yong’s concluding thoughts. The editors haveassembled a diverse array of both Native and non-Nativecontributors. Remembering Jamestown embraces the chal-lenge of grappling with the broad spectrum of issues relatedto the historiography of Native American missions. Thevarious chapters point out the shortfalls of missionary activi-ties since Jamestown. With this in mind, the writers call foremploying postcolonial approaches that are culturally vali-dating and recognize the profound differences betweenNative and Anglo epistemologies. My main concern with thiswork is that it tends to emphasize the failings of NativeAmerican missions work, which admittedly are many. His-torically, there have been some bright spots, but this workfails to mention those, perhaps because it has delimited itsscope to the failure of colonial missionary enterprises. Nev-ertheless, despite some unevenness, this is an excellentwork that challenges the reader to seriously rethink how theMissio Dei should be accomplished. Moreover, by includingthe voices of native scholars, the editors have empoweredviewpoints that have too long been marginalized from thisconversation.

Joseph J. SaggioNorthwest University

THE SPIRIT OF LIBERATION: JÜRGEN MOLT-MANN’S TRINITARIAN PNEUMATOLOGY. By TaeWha Yoo. Studies in Reformed Theology Supplement 2.Leiden: Uitgeverij Meinema–Zoetermeer/Brill, 2003. Pp.237. $73.00.

Yoo traces the contours of Moltmann’s pneumatology.The book begins with a general overview of the Trinitariansending of the Son and the Spirit and Moltmann’s well-known Trinitarian expression of the cross in which theFather surrenders the Son to abandonment, the Son is aban-doned by the Father, and the Spirit undergoes the passionand death of the Son while interceding with inexpressiblegroans in the Spirit’s own kenotic self-surrender. The authorthen explores the liberating work of the Spirit in its Trini-tarian, anthropological, ecclesiological, and cosmologicaldimensions. He is able to draw out the implicit and notalways obvious strands of justification, sanctification, andregeneration in Moltmann’s theology. Yoo’s focus on thesending and guiding work of the Spirit in the church ishelpful, but what is missing is Moltmann’s detailed discus-sion of the charismatic life of the church. The author nicelyexplains the relationship between divine love, Spirit, and theeschatological unfolding of the cosmos through which God ispresent in the world. Overall, Yoo presents a solid descrip-tion and evaluation of Moltmann’s theology, but he needs tooffer some constructive proposals of his own. The introduc-tion is the weakest point in the book. Yoo proposes but fails

to offer a contextually Korean and Reformed reading ofMoltmann in relation to what can only be described asstereotyped expressions of Pentecostalism and Ming Jungtheology. Nevertheless, the discussion of Moltmann’s pneu-matology makes this a book of value to scholars of contem-porary theology.

Peter AlthouseSoutheastern University

THE PURPLE CROWN: THE POLITICS OF MAR-TYRDOM. By Tripp York. Polyglossia: Radical ReformationTheologies. Scottdale, PA: Herald Press, 2007. Pp. 199.$19.99.

Through recalling the truthful performances and writ-ings of the early church (e.g., Ignatius of Antioch, Polycarp,and Cyprian) and of those on all sides of the Reformation,through examination of Augustine’s account of the analogi-cal relationship between the Civitas Dei and the CivitasTerrena (each with their rival soteriologies), through abiography of Oscar Romero which is itself “a gospel,” anddrawing heavily on the work of W. Cavanaugh and J. H.Yoder, York reflects on the natures of, and relationshipbetween, word and deed. He also reminds us that martyrdomis the kind of public, political, and liturgical witness—asecond baptism, and “a moment in rhetoric”—that unapolo-getically reveals the world to be the world, and reminds thechurch as does the Eucharist itself that “allegiance to theheavenly city presumes an exilic posture that confers a mis-sionary stance” that sometimes, though not always, takesthe shape of martyrdom. However, martyrs are not victims;neither is martyrdom tragic. Rather, as York reminds us, thelogic of martyrdom belongs in the world of the apocalyptic,the witness participating in “the ongoing creation of not analternative world but an authentic world: a world inaugu-rated by the cross and the empty tomb.” While few readerswill follow York on every point, and many will want to godeeper and wider than this essay does, this book is a clear,insightful, and ecclesiologically fruitful introduction to therelationship between martyrdom and discipleship.

Jason A. GoroncyKnox Centre for Ministry and Leadership, Dunedin

EthicsTHE ETHICS OF PROTOCELLS: MORAL ANDSOCIAL IMPLICATIONS IN CREATING LIFE INTHE LABORATORY. Edited by Mark A. Bedau and EmilyC. Parke. Basic Bioethics Series 25. Cambridge, MA: The MITPress, 2009. Pp. ix + 365. $29.00.

This book, a result of a series of workshops under theproject on Programmable Artificial Cell Evolution, containsa wide array of essays from an interdisciplinary range ofscholars with expertise to address the issues that willlikely arise from the eventual development of protocells. Itis written for a wide audience, including protocell research-

Religious Studies Review • VOLUME 37 • NUMBER 1 • MARCH 2011

40

ers, policymakers, ethicists, activists, and the generalpublic. It is also meant to fill the literary void that cur-rently exists on this topic, and is clearly presented, infor-mative, provocative, and fair to all sides in the debate.Protocells, not yet developed, are in essence artificial cellsthat are to be humanly created living matter arising fromnon-living matter, capable of engaging in self-evolvingactivities. This book addresses the benefits of pursuing thisresearch, including the advance of pure science, as well ascreating technological advances capable of improvinghuman health. It raises concerns having to do with the pos-sible difficulty of controlling protocells, including risks toboth human health as well as the environment. The pre-cautionary principle, frequently utilized with regard to newor future technological developments whose risks areunknown, is analyzed for its strengths and weaknesses.This book provides an overview of one of the next steps asa result of the mapping of the human genome, and contin-ues to explore the important ethical, legal, and social impli-cations of this new technology. It is a must-read for thosedesiring to keep up with contemporary developments withregard to genetics and ethics.

Donna YarriAlvernia University

DISMANTLING PRIVILEGE: AN ETHICS OFACCOUNTABILITY, REVISED AND UPDATED. ByMary Elizabeth Hobgood. Cleveland, OH: Pilgrim Press,2009. Pp. xiv + 210. Paper, $20.00.

The premise that racism, classism, and patriarchy areinterlocking systems is not new. But this text sustains aninterlocking analysis at every turn. Hobgood seeks intellec-tual understanding of these systems to enable coalitionsamong constituencies that might not otherwise recognizetheir shared interests. She demonstrates, for example, howcapitalism relies on racialized divisions, patriarchal genderconstructions, and compulsory heterosexuality to ensurethat a few thrive while the majority (the middle-class orthose she calls the “upper-working class,” included) remainvulnerable. Insisting that the privileged take moral res-ponsibility for challenging these systems, Hobgood alsorefuses easy binaries of oppressed/oppressor. Privilege inone area often comes in exchange for subordination inanother, thus dismantling privilege would benefit every-one. Hobgood’s analysis of capitalism is outstanding. Eventhose most baffled by economics will come away under-standing the terrifying logic of free market capitalism.Moreover, the final two chapters provide constructiveexamples of diverse groups creating alliances to challengedomination, thus leaving the reader with ideas about howto “do” something about the ills she details. The analysis ofwhiteness is less strong. Coalition politics as the remedyfor white privilege seems insufficient in the face of thereality that persons racialized as white often struggle tofunction well in coalitions. Overall, this is a superb text forundergraduate and graduate audiences, for the ethics class

or any course working with critical social theory. The revi-sions of this edition—bringing in Iraq, Afghanistan, Hurri-cane Katrina, and the economic crisis—render it even moreimportant.

Jennifer HarveyDrake University

Arts, Literature, Culture,and ReligionON WHAT CANNOT BE SAID: APOPHATICDISCOURSES IN PHILOSOPHY, RELIGION, LIT-ERATURE, AND THE ARTS, VOL. 1: CLASSIC FOR-MULATIONS. Edited by William Franke. Notre Dame, IN:University of Notre Dame Press, 2007. Pp. xiv + 401. Cloth,$70.00; paper, $35.00.

ON WHAT CANNOT BE SAID: APOPHATIC DIS-COURSES IN PHILOSOPHY, RELIGION, LITERA-TURE, AND THE ARTS, VOL. 2: MODERN ANDCONTEMPORARY TRANSFORMATIONS. Edited byWilliam Franke. Notre Dame, Indiana: University of NotreDame Press, 2007. Pp. viii + 480. Cloth, $80.00; paper,$40.00.

With these two volumes, Franke aims to fulfill two majorgoals: 1) to create an anthology of texts from Western culturethat contain “languages for what cannot be said,” that“cancel, interrupt, or undo discourse,” or “that operate, para-doxically, by annulling or unsaying themselves” and 2) todevelop a theory of apophasis as a field of discourse, inwhich apophatic strategies emerge as a genre of discoursemore specifically, but as a mode of all discourse more gen-erally. The term “apophasis” (literally meaning “sayingaway” or “unsaying”) refers to linguistic strategies thatintentionally “negate themselves in order to evoke what isbeyond words” or “beyond the limits of language altogether.”Given the extensive contemporary use and transformationof “traditional apophatic currents” in the humanities as awhole, Franke has assembled a variety of classical, modern,and contemporary texts that employ apophatic discursivestrategies: writings from many disciplines (philosophy,theology, poetry, art, architecture, etc.) and from a widediversity of writers (Plato, Maimonides, Augustine, AngelusSilesius, Rumi, Heidegger, Levinas, Derrida, Rosenzweig,Marion, Kafka, Rilke, Dickinson, Celan, and many others).While one might question the consistency of the author’saim and even theoretical claims, this admirable collection oftexts and insightful theory of language and contemporaryculture suffers primarily from the way in which Franke hasinterwoven the development of his theory of aphophatic dis-course with this large collection of texts. Nevertheless, thistwo-volume anthology powerfully develops a linguistictheory alongside the very texts that one needs to measurethe theoretical claims themselves. Franke’s work genuinely,

Religious Studies Review • VOLUME 37 • NUMBER 1 • MARCH 2011

41