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Diseño para manufactura
y ensamblaje: Ingeniería
concurrente
Pr. Lionel ROUCOULES [email protected]
www.ensam.fr
Access to IDEFØ
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Who I am: brief curriculum
Professor at the Arts & Métiers Paris Institute of Technology (France) Research at LSIS-IMS laboratory
Associate Professor at the University of Technology of Troyes (France) -Sept. 2000 – Sept. 2008 Head of the ICD-LASMIS research team (jan. 2008 – sept. 2008)
Head of Mechanical Systems Master course (jan. 2005 – jan. 2008)
Teaching in the Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering
Research at LASMIS (Laboratory of Mechanical Systems and Concurrent Engineering)
Post Doc position at TU Twente (The Netherlands) - October 1999 – August 2000
PhD thesis – National Polytechnic Institute of Grenoble 1999 Title: Methods and software for the contribution to the development of a computer-
supported integrated design environment.
MSc in mechanics - National Polytechnic Institute of Grenoble 1995
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What I am investigating for
Research topics:
Integrated design, Computer-Aided Design and collaborative software
environment
DFX by least commitment approach (multi-physical modelling, DFM
modelling)
Industrialisation methods and tools
MEMS design and manufacturing
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ENSAM : Paris Institute of
Technology
An engineering school (“Grande Ecole”)
8 campus (BSc, MSc and Research) Paris
Chalon en Champagne
Metz
Bordeaux
Cluny
Lille
Aix en Provence (my campus)
Angers
3 Institutes (MSc course) Bastia
Chalon sur Sôane
Chambery
Paris
Lille
Ch. en Ch.Metz
Angers
Bordeaux
Cluny
Aix en Pce
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Who are you ?
What are your expectations in attending this course ?
Who knows about ?
Concurrent and integrated engineering design
Design for X
Virtual prototyping
CAD, CAM, CAx and PLM
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Objective of the course
To provide methods related to engineering design in order to be able
to improve design process and product „s performances
Remark: the concepts are illustrated on examples treated in a
specific context. They nevertheless can be adapted to many more
situations
Students should be able to:
Understand the main approaches concerning system engineering
Point out the limits of current industrial context and CAD system
Understand new methods proposed in the past 20 years
Implement and adapt those approaches in specific industrial contexts
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Outline
Introducción al contexto de diseño
Ciclo de vida del producto, procesos de diseño (fases, jalones)
Ingeniería sistema
Evolución del entorno industrial (colaboraciones)
Métodos de diseño (conceptos)
Método sistemática
Método axiomática
Método de diseño concurrente y integrado
Introducción al Diseño para X
Modelos y software actuales por el diseño
Modelos de empresas
Modelos de procesos
Modelos de producto (funciones, estructura, geometría, comportamiento) y simulaciones para validar el diseño y la industrialización
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Outline
Síntesis y límites
Los modelos y herramientas vs los métodos (diseño centrado en el
modelo de CAD en lugar de estar centrado en los conocimientos
La cadena numérica de las informaciones
La gestión de los datos técnicos y el problema de interoperabilidad
Introducción a los conceptos de “integración” en el proceso de
diseño
Integración PPO y PPR
Integración de conocimientos (DFM, DFA, ACV…)
Integración multi-fisica
Métodos DFX
Nuevos conceptos (least commitment, …identificación y integración producto-
processos)
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Introduction to current
practices in « virtual »
engineering
Issues of design and innovation
of complex system
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Product birth Which product (price, public,
date) ?
Design Which functions?
Which technologies ? Use (components, materials)
Manufacturing process and system
Usage phase Maintaining technology
Product dismantling Disassembly technologies
Recycling technologies
Industrial departments
Marketing
Design service
Manufacturing service
Purchase service
Maintenance Service
Design project and product
LifeCycleMarketing
Development
Sales
Maintenance
RecyclingIndustrialisation
Production
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Design project and milestones
Project driving
Task management (cf. product lifecycle)
Ressources management (Human, material, information)
Milestones for:
Decision making
Reduce feed-backs (Cf. integrated design)
Objectives driven project
Lancement d‟un
nouveau projet
ex-nihilo
J1 J2 J3 J4
Développement
Conception détaillée
R&DEtude marketing Industrialisation
Début du
développement
IndustrialisationPrototypageDébut avant
projet
Production
Vente
J5
Fin de projet
(Ou du produit)
J6J0
Maintenance
Modification
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(Cours JPN)
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Examples…
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Industrial development at Loréal
Marketing International
Développement Industriel
Formule & Timing
PVIS Cible
Quantités estimatives
Le brief marketingMaquettes/Définition de
la Gamme
Industrialisation14
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IDEEAVANT-
PROJETPROJET
Définir le concept
et élaborer le brief
Proposer et
présélec-tionner
des couples formule/
packaging
Affiner la définition
du produit
& Valider la faisabilité technique
du produit
Analy
ser le
s ris
ques
Fabrication et
conditionnement
Développement formule
AC primaires et secondaires
Communication, média, hors média, RP, événementiel
Merchandising et PLV / Echantillonage
Préparation des pays, prévisions et commandes
Sélectionner les idées
Préparer le projet Développer le produit
Préparer la commercialisation pays
Produire
Validation CDCE Validation CDCD Présentationmarché
MAD Centrale
Development process: main
phases
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Development process: planing
Validation CDCD
MADCentrale
Validation
économique
ConstructionÉquation Économique
cible
ConstructionÉquation Économique
estimative
ConstructionÉquation
Économique de lct.
Validation CDCE
Présentationmarché
Choix du nomRecherche de nomsNom
CréationPLV
ConceptionPLV
Appel d ‟offre
FabricationPLVPLV2
Concept
Formule
Publicité.&
Communi -
cation
Sélection choix intentions publicitaires
Créationvisuel
Phaseidée
Phase avant projet
(cas d’un développement d’outillage)
Phaseprojet
Fabrication ACconditionnement
Engagementmarché
Commercia-
lisation
Constructionpotentiel projet
Envoi bookPV + PLV1
Envoi bookPLV2
Engagementmarché
Dévelopt
Packaging
Sélectionpackaging
Définitionpackaging
Conceptiontechnique AC
+Pré spécifications
Développement Moule (essai + industriel) + Mise au point + homologations
ou Packaging
existantDéfinition Pack
Choix conceptévaluation
FormulationApprov. MPFabrication jus
Tests marketing et tests labospuis officialisation
Études marchéexploratoires
Mise au point + homologations
Élaboration deséléments de communication
& publicité
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Ordre des étapes
du développement
Durée et séquence
relatives des tâchesPLANNING
Décor
Flacon
CapotJus
Industrial development actors
Production
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Marketing
Packaging
LAF
Usine :
Logistique
Packaging
Qualité
Achats
RAD
Labo
Compatibilité
Pilote
DGA
Fournisseurs
D.A.FDEVELOPPEMENT
TECHNIQUE
Direction Technique DPL
DGT
Industrial development actors
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Industrial development at
Bourjois
[Per 05]
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Development process: planing
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Plane development plan
Concept
Phase
Definition
Phase
M14
M13
Ready for
Entry into
ServiceM1
Market
Opportunities
Identified M5
Instruction to
Proceed (ITP)
M3
A/C Concept
Selected
M9
Begin of
Final Assembly
M7
Go ahead
Product Idea
Established
M0 M4A/C
Configuration
Baselined
M6Authorization
to Offer (ATO)
M2Standards and
Requirements
Available
M8First
Metal Cut
M10Power On
M12Type
Validation
M11
First Flight
Analyze
MarketNeeds
Most
Promizing
A/C
OptimizeConcept
On A/CLevel
Consoli-date A/CConfigu-
FinalizeA/CSpecifi-
Assure
Industrial
Launch Assemble
& Test
Sections
ConductFinalAssembly
ProcessPrepare
1st Flight
Achieve
TypeAchieve
Operation
Complete
Basic
IdentifyInitiate
Manu-
Readi-
ObserveBusiness
ConceptrationBaseline
Cation &
Com-
mercialProposals
Condition
factureof Parts
Manu-
factureof Parts,
Certifi-cation &
Analyze
MarketSituation
ness
Develop-
ment
Development PhaseFeasibility
Phase
Ground
Test &
Perform
ValidateStandardSpec.
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Reactor development plan
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Reactor development plan and
« vritual » engineering
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Development plan at Johnson
Controls
• Aéronautique, automobile, téléphonie, multimédia, etc.
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Development plan at Johnson
Controls
PLUS
Reviews
1 Proposal 2 Product Feasibility 3 Design & Tooling 4 Production Validation 5 Launch
Product & ThemeDefinition Reviews(Internal/Customer)
11 22 33 44 55
CE&M Review
CE&M Review @ DVPlanned Completion
CE&MReview
@ PV Planned Completion
TargetedBusiness Plan
SOW (Quote) SOW (Revised)
ProgramBusiness Plan
CAR & TA Submission CAR & TA Approval
SOW (Revised)
SSOWs Written SSOWs Signed DV Tool Orders
Development eBOM
Parts Matrix
2D Theme Rendering Set 3D Theme Surface Models 3D Class A Surface
CAD Models / Layouts
Product Specifications FEA / Engineering Analysis
DFMEA (Actions & Dates Identified)
PFMEA (Actions & Dates Identified)
CAD Models (Class ASurface Incorporated)
EDP&R Build &Testing
DFMEA(Actions Implemented)
PFMEA(Actions Implemented)
CAD Detail Drawings
Tool, Gage & FixtureDesign
Plant Layout / Equipment Design
DV BuildInspection
Order DV Parts
Pull Ahead Production/PrototypeTooling, Gages & Fixtures
AssyCriticalDVP&R
CE&MReview
Production Control Plan
CustomerPart Approval
Complete DVP&RTesting
CompleteProduction Tooling
AssyPVP&RTesting
SupplierPart Approval
Complete Manufacturing Equipment
Order PV Parts
PV BuildInspection
DV CustomerShipments
Customer Shipments
Product Launch System Account FinancialManagement
Quality Objectives & Roadmap / Supplier AQP Report DV Control Plan / MSA
DV ManufacturingEquipment Construction
Key:Program
ManagementPurchasing Industrial
DesignEngineering Quality Manufacturing Suppliers
Revision: October 2005
PhaseExit
PhaseExit
PhaseExit
Program Award
Program Award
ProductionRepresentative
Product
ProductionRepresentative
Product
PhaseExit
PhaseExit
Start ofProduction
Start ofProduction
CustomerPart Approval
CustomerPart Approval
PV Tool Orders
CE&M& PSDR
Product Feasibility
Product FeasibilityProgram
Milestones
Program
Milestones
CustomerShipments
Product &Theme Definition
Product &Theme Definition
Pull Ahead Production Tool Release
Pull Ahead Production Tool Release
Process Flow Diagram / DFM&A
Plant Launch Glide Path
Sourcing Requirements
Review
Tooling Requirements
Review
Award Letter
QBOM
Final ProductionRelease
Final ProductionRelease
PLUS
Reviews
1 Proposal 2 Product Feasibility 3 Design & Tooling 4 Production Validation 5 Launch
Product & ThemeDefinition Reviews(Internal/Customer)
11 22 33 44 55
CE&M Review
CE&M Review @ DVPlanned Completion
CE&MReview
@ PV Planned Completion
TargetedBusiness Plan
SOW (Quote) SOW (Revised)
ProgramBusiness Plan
CAR & TA Submission CAR & TA Approval
SOW (Revised)
SSOWs Written SSOWs Signed DV Tool Orders
Development eBOM
Parts Matrix
2D Theme Rendering Set 3D Theme Surface Models 3D Class A Surface
CAD Models / Layouts
Product Specifications FEA / Engineering Analysis
DFMEA (Actions & Dates Identified)
PFMEA (Actions & Dates Identified)
CAD Models (Class ASurface Incorporated)
EDP&R Build &Testing
DFMEA(Actions Implemented)
PFMEA(Actions Implemented)
CAD Detail Drawings
Tool, Gage & FixtureDesign
Plant Layout / Equipment Design
DV BuildInspection
Order DV Parts
Pull Ahead Production/PrototypeTooling, Gages & Fixtures
AssyCriticalDVP&R
CE&MReview
Production Control Plan
CustomerPart Approval
Complete DVP&RTesting
CompleteProduction Tooling
AssyPVP&RTesting
SupplierPart Approval
Complete Manufacturing Equipment
Order PV Parts
PV BuildInspection
DV CustomerShipments
Customer Shipments
Product Launch System Account FinancialManagement
Quality Objectives & Roadmap / Supplier AQP Report DV Control Plan / MSA
DV ManufacturingEquipment Construction
Key:Program
ManagementPurchasing Industrial
DesignEngineering Quality Manufacturing Suppliers
Revision: October 2005
PhaseExit
PhaseExit
PhaseExit
Program Award
Program Award
ProductionRepresentative
Product
ProductionRepresentative
Product
PhaseExit
PhaseExit
Start ofProduction
Start ofProduction
CustomerPart Approval
CustomerPart Approval
PV Tool Orders
CE&M& PSDR
Product Feasibility
Product FeasibilityProgram
Milestones
Program
Milestones
CustomerShipments
Product &Theme Definition
Product &Theme Definition
Pull Ahead Production Tool Release
Pull Ahead Production Tool Release
Process Flow Diagram / DFM&A
Plant Launch Glide Path
Sourcing Requirements
Review
Tooling Requirements
Review
Award Letter
QBOM
Final ProductionRelease
Final ProductionRelease
ELABORATION
Refine the definition of
the product,
Define and baseline an
ARCHITECTURE,
and
Develop a more precise
plan for its development
and deployment.
Design Review
SRS
SAD
SIP
SVP
REALIZATION
Product is built,
up to the point where it can be
put in the hands of its end-
users
Qualification
Review
SIR
SVR
MRS
SEM
MANUFACTURING
Product is transitioned to manufacturing,
and delivering,
Manufacturing
Review
SVS
PMA
SW Development Plan
SW Quality Assurance Plan
SW Requirements Specification
SW Architecture Design
SW Integration Plan
SW Validation Plan
SW Integration Report
SW Validation Report
Manufacturing Requirements Specification
SW Eeprom Mapping
MAINT-
ENANCE
Product
is
modified
on
customer
requests
SVSSW Version Sheet
Post Mortem Analysis
PREPARATION
Define the
Overall
scope of the
Project
Define
preliminary
Architecture
Plan Next
Phases
SDP
SQAP
Plan
Review
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System engineering…examples
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AFIS : System engineering concerns a se of acitivities and
actors that are processed for product or system development.
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V development cycle and system
engineering
Besoins
Clients
Réponses
solutions
physiques
Définition
Organes
Définition
composants
organes
Concrétisation
des
organes
Test
validation
composants
Test
définition
organes
Validation
physique
Validation
besoins
Plan de tests
Plan de tests
Plan de tests
Spécifications
Techniques de
besoin
Spécifications
Techniques de
Générales
Spécifications
Techniques de
Détaillées
Spécifications
Techniques de
réalisation
Dossiers de
validation
Dossiers de
validation
Dossiers de
validation
Dossiers de
validation
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Besoins
Clients
Réponses
solutions
physiques
Définition
Organes
Définition
composants
organes
Concrétisation
des
organes
Test
validation
composants
Test
définition
organes
Validation
physique
Validation
besoins
Plan de tests
Plan de tests
Plan de tests
Spécifications
Techniques de
besoin
Spécifications
Techniques de
Générales
Spécifications
Techniques de
Détaillées
Spécifications
Techniques de
réalisation
Dossiers de
validation
Dossiers de
validation
Dossiers de
validation
Dossiers de
validation
L‟Analyse
Fonctionnelle
Quality
Functional
Deployment
Simulations de
comportements
Calcul
Cotation
Fonctionnelle
Simulation de
Procédés
L‟Analyse Modes de
Défaillances de
leurs Effets et leur
Criticité
Essais Physiques
Plans
d‟Expériences
Taguchi
Six Sigma
Simulation des
contrôles
commandes
machinesSimulation des
flux et stocks
Gammes de
Fabrication d‟Assemblage Simulation de
production
Analysis models and V
development cycle
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V development cycle and plane
breakdown (3 levels)
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V development cycle and “virtual
engineering” software
Feasibility Concept Definition Development Series
M3 M5 M7 M13
Numerical Command
Tooling Master Geometry
Assembly
Instructions
Tooling Principles
Tooling Space Allocation
Tooling Frontier Models
Manufacturing Plan
Ind
ustr
iali
zati
on
Supportability Analysis
Supportability Discrepancies
Support Specification
Support Objectives
Su
pp
ort
Master Geometry
Frontier Models
Definition Model
Space Allocation
Stress Design Reference Base
Design Principles
Definition Dossier
Air
cra
ft
Systems Architecture
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V development cycle for reactorsExpression du
besoin
Nouveau projet
avionneur
Spécification du
propulseur
Conception générale
(Autonomie, Consommation,
Intégration à l‟avion…)
(Positionnement des modules, Concepts
de montage/configurations, Allocations
d‟espace de conception 3D…)
Conception détaillée –
Intégration des modules
« Design »Simulations
mécaniques,
maintenance
…
Industrialisation
Machines
d‟essais,
série
Intégration des
éléments
Test au sol –
Bancs d‟essais
Test en vol
Maintenance
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CAD-FEA simulation feedbacks
Conception
détaillée
Validation du
modèle/simulation
Définition
générale du
produit
Objet Virtuel
Analyse
contextuelle
Validation générale de la
conception/ Contexte
maquette numérique
Référentiel/Spécificati
on de simulation
Maillage des éléments
« Conception »pour la
simulation
Modèle élément finis
intégré
Analyse/Validation
des résultats
Boucle simulation Design
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Travail en itération (dans chaque phase)
et incrémentation (d’une phase à l’autre)
• 1 ou plusieurs cycles en V sont
appliqués dans chaque phase
• Chaque phase/cycle génère un
prototypeValidation
Integration
Unit. Tests
Code
Specification
Pre. Design
Det. DesignPREPARATION MANUFACTURINGREALIZATIONELABORATION
Phase Exit: Assess if Defined Objectives have been met, Deliverables completed, Models updated.
Define the
Overall scope
of the Project
Define
preliminary
Architecture
Plan Next
Phases
Refine the
definition of the
product,
Define and
baseline an
ARCHITECTURE
,
and
Develop a more
precise plan for
its development
and deployment.
Product is built,
up to the point
where it can be
put in the hands
of its end-users
Product is
transitioned to
manufacturing,
and delivering,
MILESTONE
DR M
R
SRPR
ITERATION
+ Maintenance Phase…
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Cycle en V d’un logiciel
embarqué phase réalisation et outils/acteurs
Une équipe
dédiée à un seul
projet
CodingCodingCoding
RequirementsSpecificationRequirementsRequirements
SpecificationSpecification
ArchitectureDesignArchitectureArchitecture
DesignDesign
DetailedDesignDetailedDetailed
DesignDesign
ValidationTestValidationValidation
TestTest
IntegrationTestIntegrationIntegration
TestTest
UnitaryTestUnitaryUnitary
TestTest
EE--CARCARGraph CoverageGraph CoverageGraph DebugGraph Debug
StateMateStateMateRapid / VAPSRapid / VAPSSA/RT Select YourdonSA/RT Select YourdonCustomer Interactive Q/ACustomer Interactive Q/A
Standard 3 LayersStandard 3 LayersSoftware ArchitectureSoftware ArchitectureVisioVisioUML Artisan / RoseUML Artisan / Rose
GraphDesignerGraphDesignerJ.I.L.J.I.L.
Visual C++ 6.0 & Cross compilerVisual C++ 6.0 & Cross compilerQAC Misra Compliance ModuleQAC Misra Compliance Module
Programming RulesProgramming Rules
TestU EnvironmentTestU EnvironmentCC--Cover CoverageCover CoverageComponent CheckListComponent CheckList
EE--CARCARRR--CARCARSVLSVL
SCEPTRESCEPTRE
Delivery FormDelivery Form
PV
CS
P
rom
otio
n
PV
CS
P
rom
otio
n
MSMS--ProjectProjectProject FolderProject Folder
Project
Leader
Software
Coordinator
Sw Validation
Team Leader
Software
Lead
Engineer
Software
Auditor
Validators Software
Implementers
Validation
Expert
Software
Team Leader
Sw
Requirements
Engineer
Software
Product
Integrator
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Product LifeCycle and product
design process
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Design phases
Functional analysis
(requirements specification)
Main functions
Constrain functions
Conceptual and embodiement
design
Technologies selection
Technologies assesment
Detail design
Details of the solution and
prototyping.
Requirements specification
Conceptual design
Embodiment design
Detailed design
[Pahl & Beitz]
(Example VTT)38
Marketing
Development
Sales
Maintenance
RecyclingIndustrialisation
Production
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Key issue: design process
modelling and rationale
Design processCustomer
requirements
Product models for VP development
Costs
Ress. Software
Human Ressources
Material ressources
Quality, norm
Industrial
context
Physical and digital mock-up
What have been the main design methods ?
Which product models ?
How to improve software ?
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« Concepts, ideas, philosophies to change design reasoning
and organisation toward product innovation »
Design methods
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Industrial organisation evolution
for design process
Information transfer and prescription
Over the wall approach
Information exchange and collaboration (1990th)
Concurrent engineering
Integrated design
41
What have been the main design methods ?
Which product models ?
How to improve software ?
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Several methodological approaches for design process
Industrial performance driving (Doumeingt, Girard…)
Systematic design (Pahl & Beitz, Roth, …)
Concurrent and integrated design (Sohlenius, Andreasen, Tichkiewitch, ...)
Axiomatic design (Suh, Yoshikawa, …)
Innovaiton management (Altshuller…)
DFX (Boothroyd, O'Grady, Huang, …)
Co-design (Garro, Hatchuel, Prasad, …) 42
(Details of the approaches)
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- Several product assessment
- Decision making process
Practical work 1: collaborative
design (2h00)
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Synthesis of the PW n°1
Understand the design problem and master the “expertise”
Be able to quickly assess the solutions in order to be proactive (vs.
reactive)
Make some hypothesis to master the solution
Know how to behave in a collaborative context
Be integrated in the design group (social)
Understand who is who (organisation)
Expert-Expert relations (informatin chaining)
Relation with the project leader (decision)
Know how to lead the project
What are the objectives
Information modelling (design process)
Decision making project (convergence and not prescription)
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« To set formal data structure and relationships that
trace and model specific phenomenon »
Information modelling…
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Product modelling (what ?)
Functional representation
Product breakdown
Design process modelling (Who, When, how ?)
Tasks representation
Industrial organisation modelling
Performances driving….
3 levels of information modelling
for design rationale
Design processCustomer
requirements
Product models
Cost
Software
Human resources
Material
resources
Norm
Industrial
context
Product assesments
46
What have been the main design methods ?
Which product models ?
How to improve software ?
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« Computer support for information modelling and
behaviours’ simulations »
… and software for digital design
chain
47
What have been the main design methods ?
Which product models ?
How to improve software ?
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Fra
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GRAI-R&D Liaison IPPOP
Créer Fonction Détruire FonctionCréer Niveau Détruire Niveau
Plan Action
Créer Lien
Informationnel
Détruire Lien
Informationnel
Créer Cadre de
Décision
Détruire Cadre de
Décision
Créer Centre de
Décision
Détruire Centre de
Décision
Plan Objet
Gérer les Infos
ProjetsPlanifier
Gérer les
RessourcesGérer les Besoins
Gérer la Connais.
Produit ProcessusConcevoir
Infos
Externes
Infos
Externes
Infos
Internes
Infos
Internes
Niveau
Stratégique
Niveau
Opérationnel
Niveau
Tactique
H : x ans
P : y mois
H : x mois
P : y semaines
H : x semaines
P : y jours
Sauver Structure
GRAI R&D
Nouvelle Structure
GRAI R&D
Organiser la
capitalisation
Définir les
activités de
conception
Définir les
besoins des
utilisateurs
Superviser
les activités
de
capitalisation
Définir les
activités
élémentaires
Vérifier
l‟adéquation
spécifications
-solutions
Suivre
l‟exécution
des activités
individuelles
Planifier les
relations avec
le client
Capitaliser
l‟information
technique
Gérer les flux
d‟information
et déployer
les
procédures
Planifier les
projets
Définir les
RH et la
stratégie /
technologies
Synthétiser
l‟avancement
des projets
Planifier les
activités et
organiser
les projets
Affecter les RH
et ajuster les
investissements
Planifier les
activités
individuelles
Enterprise modelling for
performances driving
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Input Output
Control
Mechanisms
Manufacture
Milling Assembly
2
A0
13
Part clamping
22
Milling
A-0
4
21
23
Supply stocks
A2Operation 1
Operation 2
Design process modelling: IDEFØ
or SADT actigram
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Système
multibroch
es
Milieu
extérieur
Fp2
C3
C4
PerceuseForets
Fp1
C5
OpérateurPièce
15 1 Palier avant PA 11
14 1 Chambre tournante X 2 CrNi 18-10 (Z 2 CN 18-10)
13 2 Rondelle de réglage
12 1 Chapeau X 2 CrNi 18-10 (Z 2 CN 18-10)
11 2 Butée à billes
10 1 Bec de dosage X 2 CrNi 18-10 (Z 2 CN 18-10)
9 3 Joint torique 91,4 x 5,3 Silicone
8 2 Joint torique 69,2 x 5,3 Silicone
7 1 Piston Téflon
6 1 Bride Ertalon
5 7 Ecrou moleté M10 Norelem
4 1 Pignon récepteur ( Z=35 , m=6 ) Ertalon
3 1 Manivelle X 8 Cr 17 (Z 8 C 17)
2 1 Pignon moteur ( Z=35 , m=6 ) C 35 (XC 35) Nickelé
1 1 Bâti
Rep. Nbre Désignation Matière Obs.
POMPE DOSEUSENomenclature
partielle
Requirements specification
Conceptual design
Embodiment design
Detail design
Function
Technology
Form features
Behaviours
Product modelling
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Who will use the product ? On what the product is actuating?
What is the customer need ?
Manufacturers Parts
To increase the
production rate
System
Product modelling « functions »: « La bête a corne »
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Configuration : drilling
Fp1 : To drill 3 holes in a raw
Fp2 : To transmit the power
C3 : To resist to environment
C4 : To protect the operator
C5 : To clamp the cutting tools
C6 : To clamp the driller
System
environment
Fp2
C3
C4
DrillerDrill Tools
Fp1
C5
OperatorPart
* APTE (APplication aux Techniques d' Entreprise) or « Pieuvre »
Product modelling « functions »: Interactions Graph*
52
C6
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* Functional Analysis System Technique
BRAS
UTILISATEUR
F1TRANSMETTRE
MVT DE ROTATION
BRAS/BATI
ASSURER LA
LIAISON COMPLETE
AVEC LE BRAS
ASSURER LA
LIAISON COMPLETE
AVEC LE BATI
GUIDER EN
ROTATION
LE BRAS/BATI
PERMETTRE
UTIL. D‟EXTRAIRE
SYSTEME/MILIEU
F2
UTILISER
ENERGIE
HYDRAULIQUEASSURER
LIAISONS
DEMONTABLES
RESPECTER
L‟ENVIRONMENT
EVACUER
HUILE
ISOLER
ALIMENTATION
HYDRAULIQUE
BRAS
BATI
ALIMENTATION
HYDRAULIQUE
BRAS
BATI
BRAS
BATI
HUILE
HUILE
F11
F12
F13
F14
F221
F222
F21
F22
ALIMENTATION
HYDRAULIQUE
FunctionWhich
objective ?How ?
When ?
When ?
Product modelling « functions »: FAST*
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Function 1
Function 11 Function 12 Function 13
Function 111 Function 112 Function 121
Function 1111
Product modelling « functions »: functionnal breakdown
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Functional modelling
Innovation and technology selection
• APTE Avt et APTE Fonc
• BDF
• CdCF et CdCF 2
• TAF
http://www.tdc.fr
• Invention WorkBench (http://www.ideationtriz.com)
• QFD Capture
• QFD Designer
• TechOptimizer (http://www.invention-machine.com)
• TRIZZ Explorer (http://www.insytec.com)
Software for functional modelling
and technology selection
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Product
S/s-ens. A S/s-ens. B S/s-ens. C
Module A2Module A1
Part
A1BPart A1A
Product modelling
« breakdown » : Structural tree
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15 1 Palier avant PA 11
14 1 Chambre tournante X 2 CrNi 18-10 (Z 2 CN 18-10)
13 2 Rondelle de réglage
12 1 Chapeau X 2 CrNi 18-10 (Z 2 CN 18-10)
11 2 Butée à billes
10 1 Bec de dosage X 2 CrNi 18-10 (Z 2 CN 18-10)
9 3 Joint torique 91,4 x 5,3 Silicone
8 2 Joint torique 69,2 x 5,3 Silicone
7 1 Piston Téflon
6 1 Bride Ertalon
5 7 Ecrou moleté M10 Norelem
4 1 Pignon récepteur ( Z=35 , m=6 ) Ertalon
3 1 Manivelle X 8 Cr 17 (Z 8 C 17)
2 1 Pignon moteur ( Z=35 , m=6 ) C 35 (XC 35) Nickelé
1 1 Bâti
Rep. Nbre Désignation Matière Obs.
POMPE DOSEUSENomenclature
partielle
Product modelling
« breakdown »: BOM (Bill Of Material)
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Product modelling : functional Bloc-
diagramme
E2
E3
Componant 1 Componant 2
Componant 2FP1
E1
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Product modelling : function-structure
MatrixF
1
F 1
1F
12
F 1
3
F 1
11
F 1
21
System
S/s-ens. A
M B2M B1
P B1A
S/s-ens. B
P B1B
Surface 1 Surface 2
Surface 3
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Point/Ligne/Surface/Volume
CSG Modelling (Constructive Solide Geometry)
Boolean operations based on primitives
Représentation B-Rep de la géométrie
Cylindre 1Cylindre 2
Fusion
CSG tree of a part
Remark: Usually, both models
are coupled (cf. OCC).
Product modelling : « Form
modelling » : CAD
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Product modelling: « Behaviours
assesment »
(processes
simulation)
FEA analysis model Limit conditions.
Loading.
Material behaviour.
Kinematics model Kinematic data.
Dynamic data (masse).
Motion laws (input).
Manufacturing model Manufacturing plan
Cutting tool and trajectory.
Material and cutting parameters
NC machine and post-processor
« X » models
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Some examples Software for
behaviours assessment
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Global model
Local model
« Software tools for behaviour assesment of product,
design process and industrial performances »
Global and fast assesment
• Machining: CAM.
• Kinematic: ProMECHANICA/Motion.
• Structural analysis: RDM 3D.
• ...
Local assesment at specific points of the part or the system
• Forging process simulation: Forge 2 et 3.
• Structural analysis: Catia, Ansys, Abaqus.
• ...
Specific tools for behaviour
simulation vs product creation
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EIME (CODDE)
« To propose indicators for sustainable impact assesment »
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Software for behaviours
assesment
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Assemblay/Disassembly [Rejneri 00]
« Assesment of the assembly plan of the system.
Assess the best solutions among alternatives »
Software for behaviours
assesment
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« To propose the best method, model and tool with
respect to the case study. This application is based
on a Case Based Reasoning approach »
Structural analysis [Troussier 99]
Exemples
Software for behaviours
assesment
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« To propose models and tools for global
evaluation of bill forging availability (forging plan,
pre-form design, cost estimation). » [Tichkiewitch,
Marin, Berlioz INPG/L3S]
Software for behaviours
assesment
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« To develop specific sub-routine in comercial
FEA solver (eg. Damage criteria) [Saanouni
UTT/LASMIS]
Forging simulation
Software for behaviours
assesment
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« To support CAPP definition based on process plan
selection and specific criteria (loading, stabiltity…) » [Paris UJF/L3S]
Software for behaviours
assesment
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Residual stresses analysis and life time assesment
[Lu, Rouhaud UTT/LASMIS]
« Identify the life time card at each point of the
part according to residual stress assesment ».
Software for behaviours
assesment
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Remark : Model and software have to be adapted to
each phase of the design process.
Mod.
Fonc.
Struct.
Mod.
Fonct.
Mod.
Struct.Mod.
géom. Mod.
Int. K
Information modelling
Des
ign
pro
ce
ss
ph
as
e
Mod.
FAO
EF
...
Synthesis: Modelling and design
process
REQUIREMENTS DEFINITION
CONCEPTUAL DESIGN
EMBODIMENT DESIGN
DETAILED DESIGN
Remark : Comercial and
academic approaches
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Limits of the digital design chain
Overview of « virtual »
engineering comercial software
and main functionalities
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Overview of commercial software
and main functions: product information
CAD-CAM: product
breakdown (part or
assembly) and
construction history
management
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Overview of commercial software
and main functions: product information
CAD-CAM :
relations and
expert rules
integration
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Overview of commercial software
and main functions: product information
CAD-CAM : management
of large assemblies with
huge part diversity
(heterogeneous software)
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Overview of commercial software
and main functions: product information
CAD-CAM : integration of expert
modules
FEA,
CAM,
Ergonomic senses, etc.
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Overview of commercial software
and main functions: product information
CAD-CAM : digital mockup, augmented reality, animation
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Overview of commercial software
and main functions: product information
Independant expert software: FEA, kinematics and dynamic
analysis, tolerancing, CAM, etc.
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Overview of commercial software and
main functions: design process information
Project planning management: Ms/Project, PSN, Planner
Tasks planning
Milestones definition
Ressources management
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Overview of commercial software and
main functions: product and design process
information
PLM system: product
breakdown and list of
articles (objects)
Management of objects‟
related documents
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Overview of commercial software and
main functions: product and design process
information
PLM Systems: documents management CAD, MS Office…
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Overview of commercial software and
main functions: product and design process
information
PLM Systems:
management of product
configurations
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Overview of commercial software and
main functions: product and design process
information
PLM Systems: workflow for
documents‟ lifecycle management
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Overview of commercial software and
main functions: product and design process
information
PLM system: digital mock-up “light” visualisation
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Overview of commercial software and
main functions: organisation and design process
information
PLM System: task notfication with related documents via e-mail
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Overview of commercial software and
main functions: organisation and design process
information
PLM System: team resources
management (access rights,
roles…)
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Overview of commercial software and
main functions: collaboration
CSCW software : Lotusnotes, Sametime, Exchange, Quickplace,
Mayeticvillage
Email, video-conferencing
Document sharing
Workflow
Application sharing
Collaborative portals
Communication
Coordination Collaboration
Vidéo
Conferencing
BD
« spéciale »
Workflow
Bulletins
Web
Editeurs
coopératifs
Gestion
de réunions Aide à la
décision
[Godart, 2000]
Workflows
management
Communication
tools
Collaborative
spaces
CSCW
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Synthesis …current limits
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Synthesis: (models – software)
vs. methodological concepts
Function modelling are not so far linked to structural parameters
How to drive performance and re-design
Structural breakdown gives the final state of the product
What about who and when ?
CAD (i.e. form) modelling only treats nominal topology information and is used as the starting point of product assessment
What about design rationale and product lifecycle?
Behaviours assessments are not linked among each others and not always linked to the geometry
What about integrated design (rationale) and innovation (least commitments)?
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Design is a multi-actors activities
centred on:
CAD modelling
PLM systems
There is a huge lack of experts
(actors) information synthesis:
This information are mainly used
in a reactive and analysis way
CAD model is not representative
of experts' design intents
Every product analysis are not
linked (model and software
interoperability)
Synthesis: models vs.
methodological concepts
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