Diseases of Woody Plants and Annuals.ppt · 2013-02-16 · Diseases of Woody and Herbaceous Plants...
Transcript of Diseases of Woody Plants and Annuals.ppt · 2013-02-16 · Diseases of Woody and Herbaceous Plants...
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Diseases of Woody and Herbaceous Plants
David L. ClementDavid L. Clement
University of Maryland Cooperative Extension
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Anthracnose diseases of trees
� Early to late spring
� Spotting followed by lesions running along veinsveins
� May cause defoliation
� Overwinter on twigs and buds
� Most require no treatment
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Oak anthracnose
� Very common
� No treatments necessarynecessary
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Sycamore anthracnose
� Causes defoliation
� Some resistance in London PlaneLondon Plane
� Can cause disfigured shape in canopy
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Discula anthracnose
� Initial spots enlarge and form lesions along the veins
Lesions can � Lesions can appear ragged
� Check lower leaf surfaces for small black dots
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Discula anthracnose
� Spotting on bracts is rare
� Compare with Botrytis which is slimeywhich is slimey
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Discula anthracnose
� Water sprouts on trunk are especially susceptible
� Remove promptly to prevent stem infectionsRemove promptly to prevent stem infections
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Anthracnose Diseases of Trees
Tree Name Latin Name
Sexual Stage of anthracnose
Asexual Stage of anthracnose
Ash Fraxinus Gnomoniella fraxini Discula fraxini
Birch Betula Apiognomonia sp. Cryptocline betularumBirch Betula Apiognomonia sp. Cryptocline betularum
Elm Ulmus Stegophora ulmea unknown
Filbert Corylus Monostichella coryli unknown
Dogwood Cornus unknown Discula destructiva
Hickory Carya Gnomonia caryae Asteroma caryae
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Anthracnose Diseases of Trees
Tree Name Latin Name
Sexual Stage of Anthracnose
Asexual Stage of Anthracnose
Hornbeam Carpinus Apiosporopsis carpinea Monostichella sp.
Maple Acer Aureobasidium apocryptum
Unknown
Discula campestrisMaple Acer
apocryptum Discula campestris
Discula umbrinella
Colletotrichum gloeosprioides
Oak Quercus Apiognomonia quercina Discula querrcina
Redbud Cercis Aureobasidium sp. unknown
Sycamore Platanus Apiognomonia veneta unknown
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Fungal Leaf Spots of TreesTree Name Latin
Name
Sexual Stage of Leaf Spot Fungus
Asexual Stage of Leaf Spot Fungus
Ash Fraxinus Mycosphaerella effigurata
M. fraxinicola
Pseudocercosporella fraxini
unknown
Crabapple Malus Venturia inaequalis Fusicladium pomi
Dogwood Cornus Elsinoe corni
unknown
unknown
Septoria floridae
Hawthorn Crataegus Diplocarpon mespili Entomosporium mespili
Horse Chestnut
Aesculus Rhytisma spp.
unknown
unknown
Phyllosticta minima
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Leaf spots
� Tar spot on maple
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Leaf Spots
� Oak leaf blister
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Leaf Spots
� Tulip poplar eyespot gall
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Leaf Spots
� Eyespot gall on maple
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Powdery mildew
� Symptoms on dogwood
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Powdery mildew
� Early fall color symptoms
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Powdery mildew
� Symptoms on sycamore
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Powdery mildew
� Symptoms on oak
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Powdery mildew
� Symptoms on pansies
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Powdery mildew
� Symptoms on zinnia flowers
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Rust Diseases
� Symptoms on cedar
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Rust Diseases
� Symptoms on hawthorn fruit
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Rust Diseases
� Symptoms on hawthorn twigs
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Rust diseases
� Symptoms on ash
� Alternate host is cord grass along the salt marshesmarshes
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Wilt diseases
� Dutch elm disease
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Wilt diseases
� Dutch elm disease
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Wilt diseases
� Verticillium wilt
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Wilt diseases
� Mimosa wilt
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Fireblight
� Caused by bacterium
� Only attacks plants in the rose family
� Characteristic � Characteristic shepherds crook
� Leaves remain attached
� On pears the leaves turn black
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Fireblight
� In wet weather bacterial ooze can be spread by insects or rain
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Bacterial leaf scorch
� Caused by a bacterium
� Thins the canopy
� Causes dieback
� Starts from the lower � Starts from the lower branches and interior of the canopy
� Has killed street trees especially in NJ
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Bacterial leaf scorch
� Symptoms on elm
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Bacterial leaf scorch
� Symptoms on maple
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Bacterial diseases
� Symptoms on zinnia
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Virus diseases
� Relatively rare
� Cause various symptoms that might be confused with nutritional disorders or be confused with nutritional disorders or chemical damage
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Virus diseases
� INSV on impatiens
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Air pollution
� Ozone damage
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Phytotoxicity
� Chemical damage is more uniform than disease symptoms
� Symptoms appear on many plants at the Symptoms appear on many plants at the same time in the landscape
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Phytotoxicity
� Chemicals applied during extreme heat or incompatible mixtures
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Herbicide damage
� Dicamba injury
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Herbicide damage
� Symptoms on maple
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Sooty mold
� Black coating grows on honey dew
� Usually indicates a scale or aphid problemscale or aphid problem
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Drought damage
� Leaf curling
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Leaf Distortion
� Aphid feeding damage
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Freeze damage
� Symptoms on iris
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Phytotoxicity
� Wood alcohol damage form mulch
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Drought Damage
� Scorch on trycirtis