Diseases Of The Immune System (2)
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19-Oct-2014 -
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Transcript of Diseases Of The Immune System (2)
DISEASES OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEMDISEASES OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
Diseases
• Autoimmune diseases• Immunodeficiency diseases• And the dreaded AIDS
Autoimmune Diseases
• Occurs when the immune system loses self tolerance
• Systemic lupus erythematosus• Rheumatoid arthritis• Scleroderma
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
• Fundamental defect: failure of the mechanisms that maintain self-tolerance
• May be genetic or drug-induced• More common in young women (female:male
ratio 10:1)• Antibiotics such as those used to treat TB
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
• Clinical feature: butterfly rash
• Scleritis may also occur
Rheumatoid Arthritis
• chronic inflammatory disease that affects primarily the joints, but may also involve the skin, blood vessels, lungs, and heart
Scleroderma
• aka Progressive systemic sclerosis• abnormal accumulation of fibrous tissue in the
skin and multiple organs triggered by…• a combination of abnormal immune responses
and vascular damage, resulting in local accumulation of growth factors that act on fibroblasts and stimulate collagen production
Scleroderma
Immunodeficiency diseases
• Affects either humoral or cell-mediated pathway
• Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)- affects both
• DiGeorge Syndrome – affects T cells• Agammaglobulinemia – affect B cells
SCID
• Very much susceptible to infections• Infants oral yeast infection
DiGeorge Syndrome
• Thymus – underdeveloped or absent• Susceptible to viral infections
• Lateral Chest X-Ray
No thymus
heart
Agammaglobulinemia
• Susceptible to bacterial infections
AIDS
• Acquired Immunodeficiency syndrome• HIV- human immunodeficiency virus• Attacks the CD4 attached to the helper T-cell
– CD4 binds to MHC-II APC– CD4 T helper cell (CCR5)
HIV
Fetal hydropsErythroblastosis fetalis